A Case Report of Rosai-Dorfman Disease in a 9-Year-Old Girl with Left Tibia Involvement: Insights into Etiology, Clinical Presentation, and Treatment Advances

Abstract This case report describes the medical journey of a 9-year-old girl who was diagnosed with Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD), a rare disorder characterized by the overproduction of histiocytes within the lymph nodes. The patient was diagnosed with RDD after experiencing left calf pain and discomfort. Initial imaging revealed abnormal signals and localized low-density foci in the left tibia, and subsequent MRI scans indicated a possible tumor. The diagnosis was confirmed through a puncture biopsy, which revealed granulomatous tissue consistent with RDD. The patient's treatment focused on immobilizing the affected limb without surgical intervention. Follow-up imaging showed a reduction in the extent of the initial abnormalities and periosteal reaction. This case emphasizes considering Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) in pediatric bone lesion diagnoses and highlights the effectiveness of conservative management. The study provides a comprehensive overview of RDD in the skeletal system, including etiology, clinical manifestations, imaging features, diagnostics, and therapeutic strategies, serving as a valuable reference for clinicians and future research.