Contribution Of Hydrogeochemical And Statistic Tools To The Acquisition Of Water Quality In The North-Eastern Of Algeria: Annaba-El Tarf

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The interpretation of the geological-geophysical and hydrogeological data allowed us to highlight two principal aquifers. The first consists of the sandy clay formations up to 18 m thick. It is generally free except at a few points where it is captive under clay levels. The second is more important localized in the gravel layer below first aquifer; it covers the entire study area. It is formed by Plio-Quaternary gravels, sands and pebbles and is contained in the collapse basin. The methodology used for the processing of the analysis results is based on multivariate statistical methods and characteristic ratios coupled with hydrochemical methods, as well as the calculation of saturation indices. The results show that the water quality is controlled both by the dissolution of the minerals of the evaporite formations and those of the carbonate formations, alteration of silicates and marine invasion. groundwater hydro geochemical characteristics dissolution of the minerals statistical characteristics Annaba-El Tarf region Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 1. Introduction Groundwater is one of the most valuable natural resources, playing a fundamental role in human health and wellness, socio- economic development, and ecosystem functioning. Moreover, it is widelyused for various domestic, industrial, and irrigation activities (Derradji 2004; Djabri 2004). Groundwater quality is based on the behavior of physical and chemical parameters that are influenced by geological formations, atmospheric precipitation, inland surface water, and geochemical processes as they are in contact with the rock and the various anthropogenic activities (Saravanan et al. 2015). Groundwater is an important source of fresh water for domestic, agricultural and industrial uses in Algeria, especially in North Algeria and North-eastern Algeria, where surface water are little used, a fairly limited quantity is mobilized by dams (Chaffia, Mexa), lakes and some hill reservoirs and the rest flows towards the sea (Derradji and Saadali 2021) . Water chemistry provides valuable information to determine the origin, transit time, flow patterns and water regimes, geological structure, and mineralogy of aquifers, as well as hydrogeochemical processes. Specific water quality is required to meet both domestic and irrigation needs. Their monitoring and evaluation are essential to design preventive measures on human health, animal life, and vegetation (Salcedo et al. 2017). Statistical analyses, a Piper diagram, the saturation index and the correlations of chemical parameters were used to reveal the hydrogeochemistry and hydrogeochemical evolution of shallow groundwater in the north-eastern Algeria (Annaba-El Tarf). This effect has been widely studied (Bounab et al. 2017;Bounab et al. 2022). The objective of this research was to carry out a geochemical study of the groundwater used as drinking water in Annaba El Taref region, by analyzing physicochemical parameters, major ions, together with chemical speciation, hydrogeochemical relationships. The study will be extremely important and useful in regional groundwater protection and management. 2. Materials And Methods Location Of The Study Area: The study region is located in the North-East of Algeria; it is included in 02 Wilayas Annaba and El Taref, distributed respectively over areas of 2998 km ², 1412 km ². It is limited to the North, by the Mediterranean Sea, to the South by the wilayas of Guelma-Souk Ahras, to the East by the Algerian-Tunisian borders and to the West by the wilaya of Skikda (Fig. 1). a relatively dense population of the order of 555,485 inhabitants concerning the wilaya of Annaba and of the order of 401,716 inhabitants that of the wilaya of El Tarf, concentrated especially in the agglomerations of Annaba city, El Hadjar, Sidi Amar, and El Bouni ... etc., And El-Tarf, Besbes, Dréan ... etc. for the wilaya of El Tarf. The distribution of the population is mainly concentrated near industrial and agricultural activities : Sider complex, Asmidal, Naftal, Bounamoussa and Seybouse plains (Saou 2013). The study region is one of the wettest regions of Algeria. It is subject to a Mediterranean climate, mild and humid in winter and hot and dry in summer. The annual average rainfall varies between 608.49mm and 832.18mm under an annual average temperature of around 17.15 ° C. The mean evaporation of the area is 1774.25 mm or 65% of rainfall. Runoff and infiltration are respectively an average of 130.10 mm / year and 127.3 mm / year. This coastal region is fully integrated into the large Mediterranean area, which characterizes its climate, its type of relief and its vegetation (Joleaud 1936). Geological And Hydrogeological Settings The geology of the study area was investigated by several authors (Gaud 1975; Bousnoubra et al. 2002; Villa 1980; Lahondére 1987). The plains of the Annaba-Bouteldja region is part of the geological complex of the Tell Algerian Nord Oriental ( l'Edough massif), presents metamorphic rocks in borders (gneiss, schists, micaschists, marbles, and metamorphic limestone), which constitute areas of feeds for groundwater of alluvial sediments potentially aquiferous of Mio-Plio-quaternary that form the major part of the plain. The existence of two pits separated by a shoal which carries the Daroussa hillock, namely the Ben-Ahmed pit, oriented S-N and that of Ben-M’hidi, oriented SW-NE. The filling of the pits comprises several aquifer horizons, from lenticular to continuous over the entire extent of the plains of Annaba and El Taref (Kherici and Messadi 1992). The hydrogeologic and hydrodynamic studys allows distinguishing two different aquifers, with unequal quantitative and qualitative importance regarding the extent. The one superficial (free); consisting of fine sand and gravel with a thickness of 10 to 15 meters. It includes, in the constitution of its substratum, sand lenses, compact gray clays. These lenses are more common near the Seybouse wadi and on the outskirts of the Numidian sandstone outcrops. The other deep; semi-captive becomes captive in the West, has a depth which varies from 12 to 80 meters (Fig. 2).It is formed by Plio-Quaternary gravels, sands and pebbles and is contained in the collapse basin. The roof of the gravel layer has variable characteristics from permeable to impermeable; it is formed of clayey sands, sandy clays or clays [15]. These aquifers are widely exploited by numerous catchments to meet the needs of drinking water supply, industry and agriculture (Rodier 1989). Sampling And Analytical Methods Groundwater samples were collected for geochemical analysis at different depths from 40 production wells tapping the shallow aquifers during May 2016 (Fig. 1). Electrical conductivity and pH were measured in situ using a multiparameter WTW set (Multiline P3 PH/LF SET). At the same time, samples of nonacidified water were taken in 1.5 dm 3 polyethylene bottles and stored in darkness at 4°C. Chemical analyses were undertaken at the laboratory of the Algerian Water Company Annaba (SEATA). The bicarbonates and carbonates were measured immediately after sampling by titration with the methyl orange endpoint; the concentration of chloride was determined by titration and precipitation of AgCl until silver chromate appears (Mohr’s method); sulphate was determined by the nephelometric method; and nitrate, were analysed by the colorimetric method. Calcium and magnesium were determined by complex metric titration, and emission spectrometry was used to determine the concentration of sodium and potassium (Parkhurst and Appelo 1999). After physiochemical analysis, the accuracy of the analysis results was checked via charge balance. Generally speaking, the relative error should be within ±5%, The results suggest that the maximum relative error is 4.56%, which is within the acceptable error limit. The analysis results are accurate and can be used for the study. The identification of water facies was carried out by the software «Diagrams» by projecting the points directly on the diagram of piper. A statistical analysis of the data was performed starting with a descriptive statistic of the measured parameters, ending with a multiple correlation by a principal component analysis (PCA). The saturation index (SI) is a widely used indicator in hydrogeochemical studies. The geochemical program PHREEQC was used to compute the saturation index (SI) of certain major minerals (Gibbs 1970; Li et al.2010; Parkhurst and Appelo 1999), including calcite, dolomite, fluorite and gypsum. When SI = 0, the minerals in the aqueous solution are in equilibrium. When: SI 0, the supersaturated status of minerals in the aqueous solution causes deposition to occur (Barna 2008). The saturation index (SI) is defined as: Where IAP is the relevant ion activity product in a mineral dissolution reaction, which can be obtained by multiplying the ion activity coefficient γi and composition concentration mi; and K is the equilibrium constant of mineral dissolution at a certain temperature (Kouzana et al.2010; Scott 2011). 3. Results And Discussion General Hydrochemical Characteristics The analytical results of the physiochemical indices are shown in Table 1. values of the electrical conductivity oscillating between 121 and 283 μS / cm for all the Bouteldja boreholes and values ranging from 1975 to 2740 μS / cm in the boreholes of saline, with three groups of chemical elements. The first has dominant contents of Na + 2 - Cl- (11-24 to 417-691 mg / l), followed by HCO3- - Ca + 2 (2- 1.6 to 448-208 mg / l) and SO4-2 - Mg + 2 (5.7- 1 to 413-100) respectively. Table 1. Results of the physiochemical analyses and statistical analyses. Parameter Units Minimum Maximum Average SD Température °C 14,5 24,20 19,826 2,429 pH / 5,080 7,780 6,469 0,634 EC µS /cm 120,000 2740,000 641,909 882,167 NO2 mgL-1 0,010 0,110 0,028 0,022 NO3 mgL-1 1,100 21,260 7,644 5,257 Ca mgL-1 1,600 208,420 45,543 68,295 Mg mgL-1 0,910 99,650 18,907 28,498 Na mgL-1 11,700 417,000 83,356 111,727 K mgL-1 0,200 4,700 2,245 1,160 Fe mgL-1 0,010 3,370 0,455 0,717 HCO3 mgL-1 2,220 448,350 107,872 165,230 Cl mgL-1 24,820 691,330 134,091 189,675 SO4 mgL-1 5,760 412,800 57,057 96,748 Explanations: EC = electrical conductivity, SD = standard deviation, Source: own study. EC (Fig.3), shows that the salinity of the waters of the Annaba-El Tarf region is in direct connection with the effect of evaporites for most of the samples taken. Correlation matrix . The correlation matrix (Table. 2) shows that the conductivity is highly correlated with the ions, Cl-, HCO3-, Na +, Ca2 +, Mg2 +, K + (r> 0.8). The strong correlation between Na + and Cl- (r = 0.985) is linked to the dissolution of halite by the presence of salt formations according to the reaction: 𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 → 𝑁𝑎 + + 𝐶𝑙 − (1) And by a salinity of marine origin (Djabri 2004). A very strong correlation between Ca2 + and HCO3- (r = 0.988), indicates that calcite is an important source of Ca2 +. The relationship of Ca2 + and SO42- (r = 0.804), indicates that the presence of sulfate and calcium ions in groundwater is linked to the dissolution of gypsum formations (Debieche 2002), according to the relationship: CaSO4, 2H 2 O → Ca 2 + SO 4 −2 (2) On the other hand, a strong correlation between Ca2 + and Na + (r=0.942) , Mg2 + and Na + (r = 0.871), can also be explained by the dissolution of silicates, which is a probable source of Na + in groundwater, as well as the base exchange between Ca2 + or Mg2 + and Na+. A very strong correlation between Ca2 + and Mg2 + (r = 0.931), indicates that the dissolution of calcite and dolomite is an important process for controlling Ca2 + and Mg2 + concentrations in groundwater. The origins of calcium are comparable to that of magnesium (Maya and Loucks 1995) they can also come from the combined dissolution of calcite, dolomite and gypsum depending on the reactions: 𝐶𝑎, 𝑀𝑔 (𝐶𝑂 3 ). 2 = 𝐶𝑎 +2 + 𝑀𝑔 +2 + 2𝐶𝑂 3 (3) 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂 3 (𝑆) + 𝐻2(𝐿) + 𝐶𝑂2(𝑔) = 2𝐻𝐶𝑂 _ + 𝐶𝑎 +2 (4) 𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂 3 = 𝐶𝑎 +2 + 𝐶𝑂 _2 (5) 𝑀𝑔𝐶𝑂 3 = 𝑀𝑔 +2 + 𝐶𝑂 _2 (6) Table 2. Matrix of the correlation coefficients of the physicochemical of water samples (source: own study) Parameter T°C pH CE HCO3- Fe Cl- NO2- NO3- SO4- Ca++ Mg++ Na+ K+ T°C 1 pH 0,086 1 CE 0,290 0,734 1 HCO3- 0,299 0,786 0,969 1 Fe 0,262 0,188 0,062 0,053 1 Cl- 0,314 0,677 0,977 0,916 0,078 1 NO2- 0,126 0,383 0,693 0,578 0,042 0,745 1 NO3- 0,053 0,005 0,015 0,069 0,375 0,038 0,021 1 SO4-- 0,114 0,653 0,772 0,776 0,055 0,689 0,351 0,036 1 Ca++ 0,243 0,772 0,984 0,988 0,068 0,940 0,623 0,021 0,804 1 Mg++ 0,242 0,673 0,944 0,917 0,058 0,895 0,641 0,076 0,775 0,931 1 Na+ 0,349 0,684 0,973 0,932 0,039 0,985 0,706 0,009 0,665 0,942 0,871 1 K+ 0,351 0,646 0,841 0,821 0,166 0,851 0,593 0,055 0,515 0,808 0,768 0,852 1 Binary Ratios and Geochemical Processes The Ca + 2 /Mg + 2 ratio provides information on the origin of these elements Ca + 2 and Mg + 2 from the dissolution of calcite and dolomite. If this Ca + 2 / Mg + 2 ratio ≤ 1, there is a dissolution of dolomite, on the other hand a higher ratio testifies to the dissolution of calcite, when it is greater than 2, it indicates the dissolution of silicate minerals .The application of this classification to groundwater in the Annaba-El Tarf region (Fig.4), shows that the majority of water samples analyzed (52.9%) have ratios greater than 2, thus translating dissolution of silicates followed by that of calcite (26.7%) and dolomite (20.6%). Saturation Index To better understand the process of mineralization of groundwater in the Annaba-El Tarf region by the dissolution / precipitation of certain minerals. The calculation of saturation indices was carried out for the waters of the boreholes of (Bouteldja, El Tarf, Les Saline and Barrahal). The calculation of saturation indices was carried out for the waters of the boreholes of (Bouteldja, El Tarf, Les Saline and Barrahal). The values of the saturation indices for each sample as well as the hydrochemical facies are presented in Table 3. When: IS 0, the solution is supersaturated with respect to the mineral (Precipitation) Table 3. Groundwater saturation indices for the Annaba-El-Tarf region. locality N° Facies carbonate minerals evaporitic minerals Calcite CaCO3 Dolomite CaMg (CO3)2 Aragonite CaCO3 Anhydrite CaSO4 Gypsum CaSO4 :2H2O Halite NaCl Bouteldja 1 CS -3,51 -6,55 -3,65 -4,07 -3,84 -7,51 2 CS -3,16 -6,63 -3,31 -3,43 -3,18 -7,44 3 CS -2,72 -5,07 -2,87 -3,43 -3,18 -7,9 4 CS -3,46 -7,21 -3,61 -3,37 -3,13 -7,66 5 CS -3,82 -8,28 -3,97 -3,55 -3,31 -7,93 6 CS -3,51 -7,58 -3,65 -3,52 -3,28 -7,7 7 CS -3,52 -7,32 -3,67 -3,16 -2,92 -7,62 8 CS -3,36 -6,75 -3,51 -3,42 -3,18 -7,76 9 CS -3,78 -7,12 -3,93 -3,56 -3,32 -7,78 10 CS -3,3 -6,77 -3,45 -3,36 -3,12 -7,73 11 CS -3,29 -6,52 -3,44 -3,39 -3,15 -7,49 12 CS -4,48 -8,34 -4,63 -4,15 -3,9 -7,68 13 CS -3,88 -7,14 -4,03 -3,59 -3,34 -7,63 14 CS -4,52 -9,41 -4,67 -3,45 -3,22 -7,61 15 CS -3,5 -7,11 -3,65 -3,3 -3,06 -7,61 16 CS -3,76 -7,45 -3,9 -3,57 -3,33 -7,69 17 CS -3,77 -7,51 -3,92 -3,48 -3,25 -7,78 18 CS -3,88 -8 -4,03 -3,62 -3,39 -7,7 19 CS -3,13 -5,95 -3,28 -3,64 -3,4 -7,76 20 CS -4,07 -7,86 -4,21 -3,73 -3,5 -7,93 21 BS -2,48 -4,88 -2,63 -3,3 -3,05 -7,32 22 BS -3,68 -6,96 -3,83 -3,29 -3,07 -7,25 Les Saline 23 CS 0,53 1,07 0,39 -1,44 -1,21 -5,49 24 CS 0,39 0,48 0,24 -1,3 -1,07 -5,51 25 CS 0,26 0,47 0,11 -1,28 -1,04 -5,53 26 BS 0,32 0,27 0,18 -2,03 -1,8 -5,56 27 CS 0,19 0,26 0,04 -1,77 -1,53 -5,17 Barrahal 28 BC 0,31 0,72 0,17 -2,7 -2,48 -5,79 29 SS 0,84 1,59 0,69 -1,16 -0,93 -5,88 30 CS 0,29 0,52 0,14 -1,61 -1,38 -5,55 El-Taref 31 CS -3,23 -6,37 -3,38 -3,39 -3,14 -7,64 32 BC 0,24 -0,22 0,09 -1,97 -1,73 -6,99 33 CS -2,76 -5,4 -2,91 -3,42 -3,18 -7,45 34 CS -3,44 -7,12 -3,59 -3,31 -3,08 -7,53 Evaporitic minerals The average values of the groundwater saturation indices are greater than zero in the waters of Barrahal and Salines, minerals tend to precipitate, and the dissolution process is observed only in the waters of Bouteldja and El-Tarf (Fig 5). The dissolution of carbonate minerals (calcite, dolomite and aragonite) is an important process for controlling concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+ and HCO3- in groundwater. The CO2 enrichment of water infiltrated into the aquifer promotes the dissolution of carbonate by releasing Ca2 + and HCO3- ions in solution (Saadia et al. 1999; Jalali 2009) The presence of carbonate minerals partly explains the strong electrical conductivities (Fig 6). The graphic representation of carbonate minerals (calcite, aragonite and dolomite) vs pH (Fig 6), illustrates that the evolution of these minerals is proportional to the evolution of pH .This increase in pH is due to the alkalinity produced by the dissolution of carbonates. Evaporitic minerals The calculated values of the saturation indices for anhydrite, gypsum and halite are less than zero for all samples (Table 3). The waters are undersaturated with respect to the main evaporitic minerals (halite, gypsum and anhydrite), which induces a dissolution of these minerals. The high contents of Cl- ,Na+, Ca2 +, Mg2 +, SO 2- and their good correlations with the electrical conductivity observed in water can be explained by the dissolution of halite and gypsum (Katz,1998; Saravanan et al.2015). Fig 8 and Fig 9 shows the correlation of the saturation indices of evaporitic minerals with the electrical conductivity and the pH respectively. Saturation indices for carbonate and evaporitic minerals The graphical representation of saturation indices as a function of Sulphates explains the process of precipitation / dissolution in the aquifers of north eastern Algeria. Sulphates have been used in the diagrams for their content but also for their contribution in the different processes of dissolution - precipitation. Fig 10 shows the saturation indices for calcite, dolomite, gypsum and halite as a function of sulphate concentrations. Dissolving gypsum (Fig 10 (c)), all samples are in an undersaturated state, indicating that CaSO4 is a probable source of Ca 2 + and SO 4 2-. The dissolution of halite takes place in the same way as gypsum (Fig 10 (d)); all samples are in a strictly undersaturated state, indicating that NaCl is the source of Na+ and Cl-. This shows that the evaporite formations are of the gypsum- saliferous type. The representation of the saturation indices (SI) as a function of calcite, aragonite and dolomite (Fig 11 (a) and (b)) follow a positive linear trend which allows saying that the mineral phases are in the process of change with a similar tendency due to the same hydrogeochemical processes. Conclusion The integration of statistical approaches and geochemical methods were applied to investigate the regional factors and processes governing the chemical composition of groundwater on the north-eastern Algeria (Annaba-El Tarf). In general, the dominant hydrogeochemical facies of groundwater were the sodium chloride (82%), seconded by bicarbonate-sodium - calcium 14.7%. The flow converges to the North—Eastern of Algeria. The chemistry of the groundwater of this plain is controlled both by the dissolution of the minerals of the evaporate rocks and those of the carbonate rocks, weathering of silicates and marine influence. The combination of statistical and hydrogeochemical analysis confirms the existence of these two families. The carbonate minerals (calcite, dolomite and aragonite) are saturated for some samples and undersaturated for others; therefore the waters are undersaturated with respect to the main evaporitic minerals (halite, gypsum and anhydrite). Declarations Acknowledgments: We would like to express my deepest appreciation to Editorial Assistant Environmental Earth Sciences and We thank anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. Authors’ Contributions: Formal analysis and investigation specific to Dr Bounab Samia, Dr Sedrati Nassima wrote the main manuscript text, Dr Khammoudj Kaddour prepared all figures and tables and Dr Majour habiba prepared guideline manuscript. All authors reviewed the manuscript. Data availability All relevant data are included in the paper or Supplementary Information. Funding sources The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work. No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript. No funding was received for conducting this study. No funds, grants, or other support was received. Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article. All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript. The authors have no financial or proprietary interests in any material discussed in this article. References Barna L T (2008) Using PHREEQC for Modelling and Simulation of Dynamic Leaching Tests and Scenarios. 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Saou A (2013) Hydrogéochimie des eaux de la vallée de la basse Soummam Bejaia Algérie. Thesis, Dissertation, university of Algeria. Saravanan K , Srinivasamoorthy K , Prakash R, Gopinath S, Suma C (2015) An Evaluation of hydrogeochemistry of groundwater in upper vellar sub-basin using mineral stability and solute transport modelling. Aquatic Procedia 4(1119-1125), DOI:10.1016/j.aqpro.2015.02.142 Scott C (2011) Guide to supplay Chain Management.Springer- Verlag Berlin Heidelberg l. 12(30-38). Villa J.M (1980) La chaîne alpine d’Algérie orientale et des confins algéro- tunisiens. Thesis, Dissertation, university of French, Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-2602678","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":177613190,"identity":"e01214f7-15d3-4f61-be5b-df2f2e5de099","order_by":0,"name":"Samia BOUNAB","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Bejaia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Samia","middleName":"","lastName":"BOUNAB","suffix":""},{"id":177613191,"identity":"03505cbc-0650-4bb0-b7d2-61941a52d49a","order_by":1,"name":"Nassima SEDRATI","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA80lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYLCCBDhpYMPAIAHi2BCr5YBBGlRLGrF2HWA4TFiLOfvxxx8e5tjZ87PnPvz8oeB8Yv/s5oMPGBLu4dRi2ZNjJpG4LTlxZs9zY4kDBrcTZ9w5lmzAkFCMU4vBgRw2hsRtzAkGN9IYwFoabgANYfyRgFvL+eePPyRuq7e3v5HG/OOAwbnE+SAtDAl4tNxIMAA67DDjBok0NqAtBxI3ENbyBuSX44kzzjxjszhjkGy88UZaskECPi3n0x9//Lmt2p6/PY35RsUfO9l5N5IPPviARwsGcGwAkSRoYGCwJ0XxKBgFo2AUjAwAADTOXRHiofhJAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Annaba University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Nassima","middleName":"","lastName":"SEDRATI","suffix":""},{"id":177613192,"identity":"295dc6b6-274e-4960-b70d-ac4530db7f30","order_by":2,"name":"Kaddour KHEMMOUDJ","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Bejaia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kaddour","middleName":"","lastName":"KHEMMOUDJ","suffix":""},{"id":177613193,"identity":"6b9f4dc2-3d17-49f2-a26c-358958bb6a98","order_by":3,"name":"Habiba MAJOUR","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Annaba University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Habiba","middleName":"","lastName":"MAJOUR","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2023-02-18 16:44:24","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2602678/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2602678/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":33293457,"identity":"9d9b6711-9e6f-465c-a6a3-bd373ff3ad2b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-02-22 15:26:42","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":242036,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eLocation map of the study area with sampled points.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2602678/v1/f40f6b7381c430d39e04e087.png"},{"id":33294728,"identity":"0445d26b-3cf1-44b0-b6bc-fec20ab54019","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-02-22 15:34:42","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":878053,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eGeological situation of Annaba-El Taref region (Villa 1980).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2602678/v1/a6c082a26d686c24e9df68c5.png"},{"id":33292929,"identity":"51ab3869-d85c-4e44-95ac-8bfac63e5d34","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-02-22 15:18:42","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":177538,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eplot (Ca+ Mg+ HCO3)/ (Na+ Cl+ SO4) vs Electrical conductivity (source: own study).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2602678/v1/0c714a0d24ff568495b4fd26.png"},{"id":33293455,"identity":"b83fd415-f481-42e0-83b5-c7c3e601ae02","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-02-22 15:26:42","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":126024,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003ePlot Ca\u003csup\u003e+2\u003c/sup\u003e/Mg\u003csup\u003e+2\u003c/sup\u003eVs Sampling points (source: own study)\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2602678/v1/f77c312308e89eb5650aba9c.png"},{"id":33294730,"identity":"7ed0c227-f97e-40fc-b5b5-99015543904c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-02-22 15:34:42","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":155774,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eEvolution of carbonate minerals : (a) : dolomite, (b) : calcite, (c) : aragonite.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2602678/v1/75568c765e1b1e76f1e63346.png"},{"id":33294731,"identity":"30e0316d-547e-488d-b8ce-ed9633c118ec","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-02-22 15:34:43","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":149998,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eEvolution of saturation indices as a function of Electrical conductivity for carbonate minerals\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2602678/v1/587eeef4419703db70239877.png"},{"id":33295228,"identity":"73fd9cc2-cf32-4324-8015-f90bd502e789","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-02-22 15:42:42","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":147329,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eEvolution of saturation indices as a function of pH for carbonate minerals\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2602678/v1/a1bcb65d8fb37c41a812046f.png"},{"id":33292935,"identity":"a85039bf-2e0a-45ca-9972-3480cfdbfb93","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-02-22 15:18:42","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"Figure 8","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":159632,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eEvolution of saturation indices as a function of Electrical conductivity for Evaporitic minerals\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2602678/v1/4c9986d46f394a45c10bdb2c.png"},{"id":33293460,"identity":"ddca0ed8-8d4c-47ac-8da3-74c3b63da059","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-02-22 15:26:43","extension":"png","order_by":9,"title":"Figure 9","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":153586,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eEvolution of saturation indices as a function of pH for Evaporitic minerals\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2602678/v1/6bea39b88e36f6bf62beb173.png"},{"id":33292938,"identity":"55caf89c-380d-4964-a490-cb911bdfd03a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-02-22 15:18:43","extension":"png","order_by":10,"title":"Figure 10","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":187884,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSaturation indices with respect to a-calcite, b-dolomite, c-gypsum and d-halite as a function ofsulphate contents.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2602678/v1/862001db9c31fdad2dd0a21f.png"},{"id":33292930,"identity":"aecd1216-7886-4e56-bb62-73ccb703ab64","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-02-22 15:18:42","extension":"png","order_by":11,"title":"Figure 11","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":72571,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e(a): SI calcite Vs SI aragonite, (b): SI calcite Vs SI dolomite\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"11.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2602678/v1/a3b17ebd3e3ae3ee1c220665.png"},{"id":34904669,"identity":"00bc82c2-61af-4f8e-9320-986addb3a45f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-03-28 07:44:52","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":3061063,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2602678/v1/36bed257-721e-40c8-bf24-2d33a878dd58.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Contribution Of Hydrogeochemical And Statistic Tools To The Acquisition Of Water Quality In The North-Eastern Of Algeria: Annaba-El Tarf","fulltext":[{"header":"1.\tIntroduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eGroundwater is one of the most valuable natural resources, playing a fundamental role in human health and wellness, socio- economic development, and ecosystem functioning. Moreover, it is widelyused for various domestic, industrial, and irrigation activities (Derradji 2004; Djabri 2004).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGroundwater quality is based on the behavior of physical and chemical parameters that are influenced by geological formations, atmospheric precipitation, inland surface water, and geochemical processes as they are in contact with the rock and the various anthropogenic activities (Saravanan et al. 2015).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGroundwater is an important source of fresh water for domestic, agricultural and industrial uses in Algeria, especially in North Algeria and North-eastern Algeria, where surface water are little used, a fairly limited quantity is mobilized by dams (Chaffia, Mexa), lakes and some hill reservoirs and the rest flows towards the sea (Derradji and Saadali 2021) .\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWater chemistry provides valuable information to determine the origin, transit time, flow patterns and water regimes, geological structure, and mineralogy of aquifers, as well as hydrogeochemical processes. Specific water quality is required to meet both domestic and irrigation needs. Their monitoring and evaluation are essential to design preventive measures on human health, animal life, and vegetation (Salcedo et al. 2017).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStatistical analyses, a Piper diagram, the saturation index and the correlations of chemical parameters were used to reveal the hydrogeochemistry and hydrogeochemical evolution of shallow groundwater in the north-eastern Algeria (Annaba-El Tarf). This effect has been widely studied (Bounab et al. 2017;Bounab et al. 2022).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe objective of this research was to carry out a geochemical study of the groundwater used as drinking water in Annaba El Taref region, by analyzing physicochemical parameters, major ions, together with chemical speciation, hydrogeochemical relationships. The study will be extremely important and useful in regional groundwater protection and management.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2.\tMaterials And Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLocation\u0026nbsp;Of\u0026nbsp;The\u0026nbsp;Study\u0026nbsp;Area:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study region is located in the North-East of Algeria; it is included in 02 Wilayas Annaba and El Taref, distributed respectively over areas of 2998 km \u0026sup2;, 1412 km \u0026sup2;. It is limited to the North, by the Mediterranean Sea, to the South by the wilayas of Guelma-Souk Ahras, to the East by the Algerian-Tunisian borders and to the West by the wilaya of Skikda (Fig. 1). a relatively dense population of the order of 555,485 inhabitants concerning the wilaya of Annaba and of the order of 401,716 inhabitants that of the wilaya of El Tarf, concentrated especially in the agglomerations of Annaba city, El Hadjar, Sidi Amar, and El Bouni ... etc., And El-Tarf, Besbes, Dr\u0026eacute;an ... etc.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003efor the wilaya of El Tarf. The distribution of the population is mainly concentrated near industrial and agricultural activities : Sider complex, Asmidal, Naftal, Bounamoussa and Seybouse plains (Saou 2013).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study region is one of the wettest regions of Algeria. It is subject to a Mediterranean climate, mild and humid in winter and hot and dry in summer. The annual average rainfall varies between 608.49mm and 832.18mm under an annual average temperature of around 17.15 \u0026deg; C. The mean evaporation of the area is 1774.25 mm or 65% of rainfall. Runoff and infiltration are respectively an average of 130.10 mm / year and 127.3 mm / year. This coastal region is fully integrated into the large Mediterranean area, which characterizes its climate, its type of relief and its vegetation (Joleaud 1936).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGeological And Hydrogeological Settings\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe geology of the study area was investigated by several authors (Gaud 1975; Bousnoubra et al. 2002; Villa 1980; Lahond\u0026eacute;re 1987). The plains of the Annaba-Bouteldja region is part of the geological complex of the Tell Algerian Nord Oriental ( l\u0026apos;Edough massif), presents metamorphic rocks in borders (gneiss, schists, micaschists, marbles, and metamorphic limestone), which constitute areas of feeds for groundwater of alluvial sediments potentially aquiferous of Mio-Plio-quaternary that form the major part \u0026nbsp;of the plain. The existence of two pits separated by a shoal which carries the Daroussa hillock, namely the Ben-Ahmed pit, oriented S-N and that of Ben-M\u0026rsquo;hidi, oriented SW-NE. The filling of the pits comprises several aquifer horizons, from lenticular to continuous over the entire extent of the plains of Annaba and El Taref (Kherici and Messadi 1992).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe hydrogeologic and hydrodynamic studys allows distinguishing two different aquifers, with unequal quantitative and qualitative importance regarding the extent. The one superficial (free); consisting of fine sand and gravel with \u0026nbsp; a thickness of 10 to 15 meters. It includes, in the constitution of its substratum, sand lenses, compact gray clays. These lenses are more common near the Seybouse wadi and on the outskirts of the Numidian sandstone outcrops. The other deep; semi-captive becomes captive in the West, has a depth which varies from 12 to 80 meters (Fig. 2).It is formed by Plio-Quaternary gravels, sands and pebbles and is contained in the collapse basin. The roof of the gravel layer has variable characteristics from permeable to impermeable; it is formed of clayey sands, sandy clays or clays [15]. These aquifers are widely exploited by numerous catchments to meet the needs of drinking water supply, industry and agriculture (Rodier 1989).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSampling And Analytical Methods\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGroundwater samples were collected for geochemical analysis at different depths from 40 production wells tapping the shallow aquifers during May 2016 (Fig. 1). Electrical conductivity and pH were measured in situ using a multiparameter WTW set (Multiline P3 PH/LF SET). At the same time, samples of nonacidified water were taken in 1.5 dm\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e polyethylene bottles and stored in darkness at 4\u0026deg;C. Chemical analyses were undertaken at the laboratory of the Algerian Water Company Annaba (SEATA). The bicarbonates and carbonates were measured immediately after sampling by titration with the methyl orange endpoint; the concentration of chloride was determined by titration and precipitation of AgCl until silver chromate appears (Mohr\u0026rsquo;s method); sulphate was determined by the nephelometric method; and nitrate, were analysed by the colorimetric method. Calcium and magnesium were determined by complex metric titration, and emission spectrometry was used to determine the concentration of sodium and potassium (Parkhurst and Appelo 1999).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter physiochemical analysis, the accuracy of the analysis results was checked via charge balance. Generally speaking, the relative error should be within \u0026plusmn;5%,\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" height=\"57\" width=\"217\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe results suggest that the maximum relative error is 4.56%, which is within the acceptable error limit. The analysis results are accurate and can be used for the study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe identification of water facies was carried out by the software \u0026laquo;Diagrams\u0026raquo; by projecting the points directly on the diagram of piper. A statistical analysis of the data was performed starting with a descriptive statistic of the measured parameters, ending with a multiple correlation by a principal component analysis (PCA).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe saturation index (SI) is a widely used indicator in hydrogeochemical studies. The geochemical program PHREEQC was used to compute the saturation index (SI) of certain major minerals (Gibbs 1970;\u0026nbsp;Li\u0026nbsp;et al.2010; Parkhurst and Appelo 1999), including calcite, dolomite, fluorite and gypsum.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen SI = 0, the minerals in the aqueous solution are in equilibrium. When:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSI \u0026lt; 0, the minerals in the aqueous solution are unsaturated and follow a dissolution trend, and when SI \u0026gt; 0, the supersaturated status of minerals in the aqueous solution causes deposition to occur (Barna 2008).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe saturation index (SI) is defined as:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" height=\"55\" width=\"104\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhere IAP is the relevant ion activity product in a mineral dissolution reaction, which can be obtained by multiplying the ion activity coefficient \u0026gamma;i and composition concentration mi; and K is the equilibrium constant of mineral dissolution at a certain temperature (Kouzana et al.2010; Scott 2011).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"3.\tResults And Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGeneral Hydrochemical Characteristics\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe analytical results of the physiochemical indices are shown in Table 1. values of the electrical conductivity oscillating between 121 and 283 \u0026mu;S / cm for all the Bouteldja boreholes and values ranging from 1975 to 2740 \u0026mu;S / cm in the boreholes of saline, with three groups of chemical elements. The first has dominant contents of Na + 2 - Cl- (11-24 to 417-691 mg / l), followed by HCO3- - Ca + 2 (2- 1.6 to 448-208 mg / l) and SO4-2 - Mg + 2 (5.7- 1 to 413-100) respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 1. Results of the physiochemical analyses and statistical analyses.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"527\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.4573055028463%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParameter\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"18.026565464895636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnits\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.836812144212523%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMinimum\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"18.026565464895636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMaximum\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.129032258064516%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAverage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.523719165085389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.4573055028463%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTemp\u0026eacute;rature\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"18.026565464895636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026deg;C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.836812144212523%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"18.026565464895636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24,20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.129032258064516%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19,826\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.523719165085389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,429\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.4573055028463%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"18.026565464895636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e/\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.836812144212523%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5,080\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"18.026565464895636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,780\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.129032258064516%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6,469\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.523719165085389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,634\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.4573055028463%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"18.026565464895636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026micro;S /cm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.836812144212523%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e120,000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"18.026565464895636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2740,000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.129032258064516%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e641,909\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.523719165085389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e882,167\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.4573055028463%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNO2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"18.026565464895636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emgL-1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.836812144212523%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,010\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"18.026565464895636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,110\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.129032258064516%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,028\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.523719165085389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,022\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.4573055028463%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNO3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"18.026565464895636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emgL-1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.836812144212523%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"18.026565464895636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21,260\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.129032258064516%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,644\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.523719165085389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5,257\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.4573055028463%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCa\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"18.026565464895636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emgL-1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.836812144212523%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,600\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"18.026565464895636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e208,420\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.129032258064516%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45,543\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.523719165085389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68,295\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.4573055028463%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"18.026565464895636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emgL-1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.836812144212523%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,910\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"18.026565464895636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99,650\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.129032258064516%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18,907\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.523719165085389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28,498\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.4573055028463%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNa\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"18.026565464895636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emgL-1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.836812144212523%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11,700\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"18.026565464895636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e417,000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.129032258064516%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83,356\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.523719165085389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e111,727\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.4573055028463%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eK\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"18.026565464895636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emgL-1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.836812144212523%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,200\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"18.026565464895636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,700\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.129032258064516%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,245\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.523719165085389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,160\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.4573055028463%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFe\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"18.026565464895636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emgL-1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.836812144212523%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,010\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"18.026565464895636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,370\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.129032258064516%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,455\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.523719165085389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,717\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.4573055028463%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHCO3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"18.026565464895636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emgL-1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.836812144212523%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2,220\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"18.026565464895636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e448,350\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.129032258064516%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e107,872\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.523719165085389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e165,230\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.4573055028463%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCl\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"18.026565464895636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emgL-1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.836812144212523%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24,820\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"18.026565464895636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e691,330\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.129032258064516%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e134,091\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.523719165085389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e189,675\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.4573055028463%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSO4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"18.026565464895636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emgL-1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.836812144212523%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5,760\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"18.026565464895636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e412,800\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.129032258064516%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57,057\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.523719165085389%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96,748\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExplanations: EC = electrical conductivity, SD = standard deviation, Source: own study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" style=\"width: 373px; height: 37.4337px;\" width=\"373\" height=\"37.4337\"\u003eEC (Fig.3), shows that the salinity of the waters of the Annaba-El Tarf region is in direct connection with the effect of evaporites for most of the samples taken.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCorrelation matrix\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe correlation matrix (Table. 2) shows that the conductivity is highly correlated with the ions, Cl-, HCO3-, Na +, Ca2 +, Mg2 +, K + (r\u0026gt; 0.8). The strong correlation between Na + and Cl- (r = 0.985) is linked to the dissolution of halite by the presence of salt formations according to the reaction:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e𝑁𝑎𝐶𝑙 \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026rarr; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 𝑁𝑎\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e + 𝐶𝑙\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; (1)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnd by a salinity of marine origin (Djabri\u0026nbsp;2004).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA very strong correlation between Ca2 + and HCO3- (r = 0.988), indicates that calcite is an important source of Ca2 +. The relationship of Ca2 + and SO42- (r = 0.804), indicates that the presence of sulfate and calcium ions in groundwater is linked to the dissolution of gypsum formations (Debieche 2002), according to the relationship:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCaSO4,\u0026nbsp;2H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO \u0026rarr; \u0026nbsp;Ca\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e + SO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u0026minus;2 \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; (2)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn the other hand, a strong correlation between Ca2 + and Na + (r=0.942) , Mg2 + and Na + (r = 0.871), can also be explained by the dissolution of silicates, which is a probable source of Na + in groundwater, as well as the base exchange between Ca2 + or Mg2 + and Na+. A very strong correlation between Ca2 + and Mg2 + (r = 0.931), indicates that the dissolution of calcite and dolomite is an important process for controlling Ca2 + and Mg2 + concentrations in groundwater. The origins of calcium are comparable to that of magnesium (Maya and Loucks 1995) they can also come from the combined dissolution of calcite, dolomite and gypsum depending on the reactions:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e𝐶𝑎,\u0026nbsp;𝑀𝑔\u0026nbsp;(𝐶𝑂\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e).\u003csub\u003e2\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sub\u003e=\u0026nbsp;𝐶𝑎\u003csup\u003e+2\u003c/sup\u003e + 𝑀𝑔\u003csup\u003e+2\u003c/sup\u003e + 2𝐶𝑂\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;(3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂 3 (𝑆) + 𝐻2(𝐿) + 𝐶𝑂2(𝑔) \u0026nbsp; = 2𝐻𝐶𝑂\u003csup\u003e_\u003c/sup\u003e + 𝐶𝑎\u003csup\u003e+2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; (4)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑂\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;= 𝐶𝑎\u003csup\u003e+2\u003c/sup\u003e + 𝐶𝑂\u003csup\u003e_2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u003cem\u003e(5)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e𝑀𝑔𝐶𝑂\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;= 𝑀𝑔\u003csup\u003e+2\u003c/sup\u003e + 𝐶𝑂\u003csup\u003e_2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;(6)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 2. Matrix of the correlation coefficients of the physicochemical of water samples (source: own study)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"99%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"8.080808080808081%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParameter\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT\u0026deg;C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCE\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHCO3-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFe\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCl-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNO2-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNO3-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSO4-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCa++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMg++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNa+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eK+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"8.080808080808081%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT\u0026deg;C\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"8.080808080808081%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epH\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,086\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"8.080808080808081%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCE\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,290\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,734\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"8.080808080808081%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHCO3-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,299\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,786\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,969\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"8.080808080808081%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFe\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,262\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,188\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,062\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,053\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"8.080808080808081%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCl-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,314\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,677\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,977\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,916\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,078\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"8.080808080808081%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNO2-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,126\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,383\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,693\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,578\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,042\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,745\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"8.080808080808081%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNO3-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,053\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,005\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,015\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,069\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,375\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,038\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,021\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"8.080808080808081%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSO4--\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,114\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,653\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,772\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,776\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,055\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,689\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,351\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,036\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"8.080808080808081%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCa++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,243\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,772\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,984\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,988\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,068\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,940\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,623\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,021\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,804\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"8.080808080808081%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMg++\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,242\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,673\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,944\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,917\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,058\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,895\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,641\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,076\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,775\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,931\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"8.080808080808081%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNa+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,349\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,684\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,973\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,932\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,039\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,985\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,706\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,665\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,942\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,871\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"8.080808080808081%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eK+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,351\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,646\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,841\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,821\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,166\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,851\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,593\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,055\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,515\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,808\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,768\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,852\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.070707070707071%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBinary Ratios and Geochemical Processes\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Ca \u003csup\u003e+ 2\u003c/sup\u003e/Mg \u003csup\u003e+ 2\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eratio provides information on the origin of these elements Ca + 2 and Mg + 2 from the dissolution of calcite and dolomite. If this Ca + 2 / Mg + 2 ratio \u0026le; 1, there is a dissolution of dolomite, on the other hand a higher ratio testifies to the dissolution of calcite, when it is greater than 2, it indicates the dissolution of silicate minerals .The application of this classification to groundwater in the Annaba-El Tarf region (Fig.4), shows that the majority of water samples analyzed (52.9%) have ratios greater than 2, thus translating dissolution of silicates followed by that of calcite (26.7%) and dolomite (20.6%).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSaturation Index\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo better understand the process of mineralization of groundwater in the Annaba-El Tarf region by the dissolution / precipitation of certain minerals. The calculation of saturation indices was carried out for the waters of the boreholes of (Bouteldja, El Tarf, Les Saline and Barrahal). The calculation of saturation indices was carried out for the waters of the boreholes of (Bouteldja, El Tarf, Les Saline and Barrahal). The values of the saturation indices for each sample as well as the hydrochemical facies are presented in Table 3.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIS \u0026lt;0, the solution is undersaturated with respect to the mineral (Dissolution of the mineral)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;IS = 0, the solution and the solid phase are at equilibrium (Equilibrium)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;IS\u0026gt; 0, the solution is supersaturated with respect to the mineral (Precipitation)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 3. Groundwater saturation indices for the Annaba-El-Tarf region.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"616\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15.609756097560975%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003elocality\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"7.642276422764228%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN\u0026deg;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"9.268292682926829%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFacies\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" width=\"32.19512195121951%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ecarbonate minerals\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" width=\"35.28455284552845%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eevaporitic minerals\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"15.865384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCalcite CaCO3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"15.865384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDolomite CaMg\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(CO3)2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"15.865384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAragonite CaCO3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"15.865384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAnhydrite CaSO4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"18.26923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGypsum CaSO4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e:2H2O\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"18.26923076923077%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHalite NaCl\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"22\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15.584415584415584%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBouteldja\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.62987012987013%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.253246753246753%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.714285714285714%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.714285714285714%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6,55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.714285714285714%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.714285714285714%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-4,07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.337662337662337%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.337662337662337%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7,51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.961538461538462%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6,63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7,44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.961538461538462%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2,72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-5,07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2,87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7,9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.961538461538462%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7,21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7,66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.961538461538462%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-8,28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7,93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.961538461538462%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7,58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.961538461538462%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7,32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2,92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7,62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.961538461538462%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6,75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7,76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.961538461538462%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7,12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7,78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.961538461538462%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6,77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7,73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.961538461538462%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6,52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7,49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.961538461538462%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-4,48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-8,34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-4,63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-4,15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7,68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.961538461538462%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7,14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-4,03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7,63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.961538461538462%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-4,52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-9,41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-4,67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7,61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.961538461538462%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7,11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7,61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.961538461538462%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7,45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7,69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.961538461538462%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7,51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7,78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.961538461538462%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-4,03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.961538461538462%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-5,95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7,76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.961538461538462%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-4,07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7,86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-4,21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7,93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.961538461538462%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2,48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-4,88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2,63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7,32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.961538461538462%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6,96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7,25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15.584415584415584%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLes Saline\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.62987012987013%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.253246753246753%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.714285714285714%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.714285714285714%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.714285714285714%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.714285714285714%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1,44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.337662337662337%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1,21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.337662337662337%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-5,49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.961538461538462%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1,07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-5,51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.961538461538462%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1,28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1,04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-5,53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.961538461538462%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2,03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-5,56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.961538461538462%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1,77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1,53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-5,17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15.584415584415584%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBarrahal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.62987012987013%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.253246753246753%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.714285714285714%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.714285714285714%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.714285714285714%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.714285714285714%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2,7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.337662337662337%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2,48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.337662337662337%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-5,79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.961538461538462%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1,16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0,93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-5,88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.961538461538462%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1,61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1,38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-5,55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" width=\"15.584415584415584%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEl-Taref\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"7.62987012987013%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.253246753246753%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.714285714285714%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.714285714285714%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6,37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.714285714285714%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.714285714285714%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.337662337662337%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.337662337662337%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7,64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.961538461538462%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0,22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1,97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-1,73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-6,99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.961538461538462%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2,76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-5,4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2,91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7,45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.038461538461538%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.961538461538462%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7,12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.692307692307692%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-3,08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"14.615384615384615%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-7,53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEvaporitic minerals\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe average values of the groundwater saturation indices are greater than zero in the waters of Barrahal and Salines, minerals tend to precipitate, and the dissolution process is observed only in the waters of Bouteldja and El-Tarf (Fig 5). The dissolution of carbonate minerals (calcite, dolomite and aragonite) is an important process for controlling concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+ and HCO3- in groundwater. The CO2 enrichment of water infiltrated into the aquifer promotes the dissolution of carbonate by releasing Ca2 + and HCO3- ions in solution (Saadia et al. 1999; Jalali 2009)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe presence of carbonate minerals partly explains the strong electrical conductivities (Fig 6). The graphic representation of carbonate minerals (calcite, aragonite and dolomite) vs pH (Fig 6), illustrates that the evolution of these minerals is proportional to the evolution of pH .This increase in pH is due to the alkalinity produced by the dissolution of carbonates.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEvaporitic minerals\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe calculated values of the saturation indices for anhydrite, gypsum and halite are less than zero for all samples (Table 3). The waters are undersaturated with respect to the main evaporitic minerals (halite, gypsum and anhydrite), which induces a dissolution of these minerals. The high contents of Cl- ,Na+, Ca2 +, Mg2 +, SO 2- and their good correlations with the electrical conductivity observed in water can be explained by the dissolution of halite and gypsum (Katz,1998;\u0026nbsp;Saravanan et al.2015). Fig 8 and Fig 9 shows the correlation of the saturation indices of evaporitic minerals with the electrical conductivity and the pH respectively.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSaturation\u0026nbsp;indices\u0026nbsp;for\u0026nbsp;carbonate\u0026nbsp;and\u0026nbsp;evaporitic\u0026nbsp;minerals\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe graphical representation of saturation indices as a function of Sulphates explains the process of precipitation / dissolution in the aquifers of north eastern Algeria. Sulphates have been used in the diagrams for their content but also for their contribution in the different processes of dissolution - precipitation. Fig 10 shows the saturation indices for calcite, dolomite, gypsum and halite as a function of sulphate concentrations.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDissolving gypsum (Fig 10 (c)), all samples are in an undersaturated state, indicating that CaSO4 is a probable source of\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCa\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e \u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e and\u0026nbsp;SO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e2-.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe dissolution of halite takes place in the same way as gypsum (Fig 10 (d)); all samples are in a strictly undersaturated state, indicating that NaCl is the source of Na+ and Cl-. This shows that the evaporite formations are of the gypsum- saliferous type.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe representation of the saturation indices (SI) as a function of calcite, aragonite and dolomite (Fig 11 (a) and (b)) follow a positive linear trend which allows saying that the mineral phases are in the process of change with a similar tendency due to the same hydrogeochemical processes.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe integration of statistical approaches and geochemical methods were applied to investigate the regional factors and processes governing the chemical composition of groundwater on the north-eastern Algeria (Annaba-El Tarf). In general, the dominant hydrogeochemical facies of groundwater were the sodium chloride (82%), seconded by bicarbonate-sodium - calcium 14.7%.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe flow converges to the North\u0026mdash;Eastern of Algeria. The chemistry of the groundwater of this plain is controlled both by the dissolution of the minerals of the evaporate rocks and those of the carbonate rocks, weathering of silicates and marine influence. The combination of statistical and hydrogeochemical analysis confirms the existence of these two families. The carbonate minerals (calcite, dolomite and aragonite) are saturated for some samples and undersaturated for others; therefore the waters are undersaturated with respect to the main evaporitic minerals (halite, gypsum and anhydrite).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgments:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe would like to express my deepest appreciation to Editorial Assistant Environmental Earth Sciences and \u0026nbsp;We thank anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u0026rsquo; Contributions:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFormal analysis and investigation specific to Dr Bounab Samia, Dr Sedrati Nassima wrote the main manuscript text, Dr Khammoudj Kaddour prepared all figures and tables and Dr Majour habiba prepared guideline manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll authors reviewed the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData availability\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll relevant data are included in the paper or Supplementary Information.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Funding sources\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo funding was received for conducting this study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo funds, grants, or other support was received.\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeclaration of competing interest\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors have no financial or proprietary interests in any material discussed in this article.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBarna L T (2008) Using PHREEQC for Modelling and Simulation of Dynamic Leaching Tests and Scenarios. 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Thesis, Dissertation, university of French, \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"groundwater, hydro geochemical characteristics, dissolution of the minerals, statistical characteristics, Annaba-El Tarf region","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2602678/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2602678/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"This work was conducted on 34 samples spread over 4 areas (Bouteldja, El Tarf, Les Salines et Barrahal) tapping the shallow and deep aquifer of groundwater in the North-eastern Algeria (Annaba-El Tarf), one sampling campaign was conducted in 2017 to describe the chemistry of the water and its interaction with the rock. The interpretation of the geological-geophysical and hydrogeological data allowed us to highlight two principal aquifers. The first consists of the sandy clay formations up to 18 m thick. It is generally free except at a few points where it is captive under clay levels. The second is more important localized in the gravel layer below first aquifer; it covers the entire study area. It is formed by Plio-Quaternary gravels, sands and pebbles and is contained in the collapse basin. The methodology used for the processing of the analysis results is based on multivariate statistical methods and characteristic ratios coupled with hydrochemical methods, as well as the calculation of saturation indices. The results show that the water quality is controlled both by the dissolution of the minerals of the evaporite formations and those of the carbonate formations, alteration of silicates and marine invasion.","manuscriptTitle":"Contribution Of Hydrogeochemical And Statistic Tools To The Acquisition Of Water Quality In The North-Eastern Of Algeria: Annaba-El Tarf","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2023-02-22 15:18:37","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2602678/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"93a9a710-5e2f-44f3-9532-40786baee5d3","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 22nd, 2023","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2023-03-28T07:44:38+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2023-02-22 15:18:37","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-2602678","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-2602678","identity":"rs-2602678","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"_2-kVJe1T_tPrBINL-cwx","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}