Evaluating In-Vitro Corrosion Testing of Lean Magnesium Alloys: The Critical Role of Degradation Media Composition, Buffering, and Volume

Evaluating In-Vitro Corrosion Testing of Lean Magnesium Alloys: The Critical Role of Degradation Media Composition, Buffering, and Volume | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Evaluating In-Vitro Corrosion Testing of Lean Magnesium Alloys: The Critical Role of Degradation Media Composition, Buffering, and Volume Sreenivas Raguraman, Beril Ulugun, Tunde Ayodeji, Rida Chowdhury, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5213784/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Biodegradable magnesium (Mg) alloys are gaining attention for biomedical implants due to their favorable mechanical properties and safe degradation within the human body. However, the rapid corrosion of Mg remains a challenge, necessitating a deeper understanding of its behavior in physiological environments. This study examines the in-vitro corrosion performance of a lean Mg-Zn-Ca alloy in various degradation media, including Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS), Earle’s Balanced Salt Solution (EBSS) buffered with 5% CO 2 , and Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) buffered with 5% CO 2 . Significant differences in corrosion rates were observed across media, with HBSS exhibiting the lowest rates and EBSS the highest. DMEM with 10% FBS and corrosion conditions that most closely resemble physiological environments produced intermediate corrosion rates. The effect of CO 2 buffering in HBSS was also evaluated, demonstrating enhanced pH control below 7.5, which simulates physiological pH. Additionally, increasing the volume of HBSS, both with and without CO 2 buffering, led to reduced corrosion rates and greater pH stabilization. These findings shed light on how testing conditions can impact corrosion rates and pH stability. Metallurgy Biomaterials Biomedical Engineering Magnesium alloy bio-corrosion testing conditions Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5213784","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":362793461,"identity":"b12136df-4f9c-49e8-9d22-218c20939f30","order_by":0,"name":"Sreenivas Raguraman","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAx0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBADHn6GMyCamXgtMpINpGqxMTjAQ6QW+dmHH7/m3WPHY3zw7DEJhgrrxAZCWgzOpZlZ8zxL5jE7cC5NguFMOhFaeBjMjHkOMAO1nDGTYGw7TFiLfA/7N6CWeh7jBpCWf0RoYTjDY/yY58BhHgMGkJYGIrQYnOEpY5xz4DiPxIEzxhYJx9KNiXHY5g9vDlTb8884Y3jjQ421LGGHMTCwSYApiQMMDAlEKAcB5g9gip8Y40fBKBgFo2BEAgCf9zxsvpDpWQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4899-7471","institution":"Johns Hopkins University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sreenivas","middleName":"","lastName":"Raguraman","suffix":""},{"id":362793462,"identity":"23a621c9-1bfb-42ee-a79a-059ecc04c4fc","order_by":1,"name":"Beril Ulugun","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4792-322X","institution":"Johns Hopkins University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Beril","middleName":"","lastName":"Ulugun","suffix":""},{"id":362793463,"identity":"7443a332-779d-4cdf-9243-ca9d538711d0","order_by":2,"name":"Tunde Ayodeji","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5286-4466","institution":"Johns Hopkins University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tunde","middleName":"","lastName":"Ayodeji","suffix":""},{"id":362793501,"identity":"fc2b4c93-68dd-404e-8a51-6af31300f54c","order_by":3,"name":"Rida Chowdhury","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6314-3607","institution":"Johns Hopkins University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rida","middleName":"","lastName":"Chowdhury","suffix":""},{"id":362793464,"identity":"5543cf37-f6c3-4f92-9620-a06f59a7f318","order_by":4,"name":"Adam Griebel","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7012-8451","institution":"Fort Wayne Metals","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Adam","middleName":"","lastName":"Griebel","suffix":""},{"id":362793465,"identity":"832ef877-89c4-4e56-8dc0-896c97a60d43","order_by":5,"name":"Timothy Weihs","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2782-8890","institution":"Johns Hopkins University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Timothy","middleName":"","lastName":"Weihs","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-10-06 16:19:24","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5213784/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5213784/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":66143110,"identity":"3335ce38-3218-423c-b653-3cf19bec936f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-10-08 06:46:17","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":8668011,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ResearchSquareInfluenceofbiodegradationmediaonthecorrosionrate.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5213784/v1_covered_2d0e353c-c6b9-4d47-bb04-f1d9ca905862.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eEvaluating \u003cem\u003eIn-Vitro\u003c/em\u003e Corrosion Testing of Lean Magnesium Alloys: The Critical Role of Degradation Media Composition, Buffering, and Volume\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[{"identity":"781ca216-bb28-4bc0-941c-f22f9be16e3b","identifier":"10.13039/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","awardNumber":"DMR #2320355","order_by":0}],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Johns Hopkins University","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Magnesium alloy, bio-corrosion, testing conditions","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5213784/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5213784/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eBiodegradable magnesium (Mg) alloys are gaining attention for biomedical implants due to their favorable mechanical properties and safe degradation within the human body. However, the rapid corrosion of Mg remains a challenge, necessitating a deeper understanding of its behavior in physiological environments. This study examines the \u003cem\u003ein-vitro\u003c/em\u003e corrosion performance of a lean Mg-Zn-Ca alloy in various degradation media, including Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS), Earle’s Balanced Salt Solution (EBSS) buffered with 5% CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e, and Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) buffered with 5% CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e. Significant differences in corrosion rates were observed across media, with HBSS exhibiting the lowest rates and EBSS the highest. DMEM with 10% FBS and corrosion conditions that most closely resemble physiological environments produced intermediate corrosion rates. The effect of CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e buffering in HBSS was also evaluated, demonstrating enhanced pH control below 7.5, which simulates physiological pH. Additionally, increasing the volume of HBSS, both with and without CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e buffering, led to reduced corrosion rates and greater pH stabilization. These findings shed light on how testing conditions can impact corrosion rates and pH stability.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Evaluating In-Vitro Corrosion Testing of Lean Magnesium Alloys: The Critical Role of Degradation Media Composition, Buffering, and Volume","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-10-08 06:38:06","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5213784/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"c75c8ccc-d062-4700-bd18-ea9988dd0863","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 8th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":38591218,"name":"Metallurgy"},{"id":38591219,"name":"Biomaterials"},{"id":38591220,"name":"Biomedical Engineering"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-10-08T06:38:06+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-10-08 06:38:06","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5213784","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5213784","identity":"rs-5213784","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}