Coupled Modeling Framework for Proactive Design of Debris-Flow Barrier Placements

Coupled Modeling Framework for Proactive Design of Debris-Flow Barrier Placements | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Coupled Modeling Framework for Proactive Design of Debris-Flow Barrier Placements Deuk-Hwan Lee, Seung-Rae Lee, Joon-Young Park This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6561012/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 01 Oct, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study presents a coupled modeling framework for the proactive design of debris-flow mitigation strategies, with a particular focus on optimizing barrier placements. In response to the increasing risks posed by debris flows in mountainous regions, the framework integrates physically based modeling and data-driven methods across four interlinked phases: shallow landslide initiation, debris-flow mobilization, runout simulation, and barrier design. Site-specific geomorphological, geotechnical, and hydrogeological conditions were incorporated to enhance modeling accuracy. Key debris-flow parameters—including initial volume, entrainment rate, and basal friction angle—were estimated using field-based indices and statistical regressions, then applied to the DAN3D dynamic model for simulating debris-flow behavior. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to capture the probabilistic distributions of debris-flow velocity and thickness. Validation against the 2011 Mt. Umyeon debris-flow event demonstrated that observed peak values corresponded closely to the 99th percentile of the predicted range, confirming the framework’s reliability. Barrier performance evaluations for two alternative configurations showed that strategic placement significantly reduces downstream impact intensity. Despite remaining uncertainties, such as spatial variability in material properties and real-world complexities, the framework offers a systematic and adaptable approach to debris-flow hazard assessment and infrastructure protection, supporting informed disaster risk reduction in mountainous terrains. Earth and environmental sciences/Natural hazards Physical sciences/Engineering/Civil engineering debris flow shallow landslide coupled modeling check dam DAN3D vulnerability index Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 01 Oct, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 05 Jun, 2025 Reviews received at journal 04 Jun, 2025 Reviews received at journal 21 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 20 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 19 May, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 19 May, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 19 May, 2025 Editor invited by journal 12 May, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 12 May, 2025 First submitted to journal 30 Apr, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6561012","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":459423541,"identity":"68d6a36f-4a43-4f94-8b85-3c40f855e7b3","order_by":0,"name":"Deuk-Hwan Lee","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Deuk-Hwan","middleName":"","lastName":"Lee","suffix":""},{"id":459423542,"identity":"cdeb1bfc-9aad-4908-a079-1a54281d0446","order_by":1,"name":"Seung-Rae Lee","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Seung-Rae","middleName":"","lastName":"Lee","suffix":""},{"id":459423543,"identity":"1676b2e7-48b2-469b-80b6-e861e8ab930d","order_by":2,"name":"Joon-Young Park","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA20lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACxgYQecDGgA0mIkGkljQStEDAgcMGcDZBLcwzcg9+rjhz3piPf/HTDYx7bBgkZx8g4LAZecmSZ27cNmOTeGZ2g+FZGoM0XwIhLTkGkg0fbtuwSRwAajlwmEGOh4DDgFqMfzZ8OAfUcvwbUMt/orSYSTbcOGDGxt8DsuUAgzRBLT3v0iwbziQbs0nwlN1IOJDMI9lDQIthe+7hmw3H7Azn9x/fduPDATs5iTOEtEzIgbIkEhgYgIiQsxgY5PlhhvIfIKh4FIyCUTAKRigAAD/5RYf+64F8AAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM)","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Joon-Young","middleName":"","lastName":"Park","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-04-30 04:38:06","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6561012/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6561012/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-15290-4","type":"published","date":"2025-10-01T15:57:37+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":92883973,"identity":"467ac822-02a7-4db8-bcac-094ba465253f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-06 16:11:35","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2671744,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ManuscriptLeeetal250512.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6561012/v1_covered_2f05eaa9-42d8-494b-a4ad-f468c5b081be.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Coupled Modeling Framework for Proactive Design of Debris-Flow Barrier Placements","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"debris flow, shallow landslide, coupled modeling, check dam, DAN3D, vulnerability index","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6561012/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6561012/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis study presents a coupled modeling framework for the proactive design of debris-flow mitigation strategies, with a particular focus on optimizing barrier placements. In response to the increasing risks posed by debris flows in mountainous regions, the framework integrates physically based modeling and data-driven methods across four interlinked phases: shallow landslide initiation, debris-flow mobilization, runout simulation, and barrier design. Site-specific geomorphological, geotechnical, and hydrogeological conditions were incorporated to enhance modeling accuracy. Key debris-flow parameters\u0026mdash;including initial volume, entrainment rate, and basal friction angle\u0026mdash;were estimated using field-based indices and statistical regressions, then applied to the DAN3D dynamic model for simulating debris-flow behavior. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to capture the probabilistic distributions of debris-flow velocity and thickness. Validation against the 2011 Mt. Umyeon debris-flow event demonstrated that observed peak values corresponded closely to the 99th percentile of the predicted range, confirming the framework\u0026rsquo;s reliability. Barrier performance evaluations for two alternative configurations showed that strategic placement significantly reduces downstream impact intensity. Despite remaining uncertainties, such as spatial variability in material properties and real-world complexities, the framework offers a systematic and adaptable approach to debris-flow hazard assessment and infrastructure protection, supporting informed disaster risk reduction in mountainous terrains.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Coupled Modeling Framework for Proactive Design of Debris-Flow Barrier Placements","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-05-21 15:04:33","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6561012/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-06-05T12:31:09+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-06-04T13:00:24+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-05-21T13:05:51+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"304748600895909116269004590118411680628","date":"2025-05-20T06:47:00+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"275567125229532779777413072801120941525","date":"2025-05-20T01:27:55+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-05-19T19:13:54+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-05-19T16:59:56+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-05-12T13:12:14+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-05-12T07:56:52+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2025-04-30T04:24:36+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"9737064c-1260-43dd-8cf7-947a8c40fd27","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 21st, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":48805945,"name":"Earth and environmental sciences/Natural hazards"},{"id":48805946,"name":"Physical sciences/Engineering/Civil engineering"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-10-06T16:06:14+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-6561012","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-15290-4","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2025-10-01 15:57:37","publishedOnDateReadable":"October 1st, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-05-21 15:04:33","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-025-15290-4","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-15290-4","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6561012","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6561012","identity":"rs-6561012","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}