In silico discovery of potential sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors from natural products for Prevent Kidney Failure in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

AbstractAssociated with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), renal dysfunction contributes to an increased death rate. Consequently, it would appear that preventing the advancement of renal disease is crucial in the treatment of diabetic patients. SGLT2 inhibitors have been linked to reduced renal mortality, decreased hospitalization, and slowed the progression of renal impairment and albuminuria. The objective of this study was aimed to identify natural SGLT2 inhibitors using an in silico evaluation of the compounds of zinc database using structure-based virtual screening. Using pharmacophore modelling of the standard drug, a total of 1,1336 natural compounds that have the potential to act as SGLT2 inhibitors were identified; six of these compounds,580,1131,212,357,822, and306, had a similar docking affinity to the four known SGLT2 inhibitors. The top two finds,580and306, were chosen due to the convenience of the pharmacokinetic characteristics from the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME), oral bioavailability, and parameters from molecular dynamics simulation (MD). Compound580was discovered as a potential treatment candidate after estimations of the metabolic processes and cardiotoxicity. This study may assist in the advancement of both in vitro and in vivo validation, as well as the development of new SGLT2 inhibitors.