Highly Sensitive Salinity and Temperature Sensor Using Tamm Resonance

Highly Sensitive Salinity and Temperature Sensor Using Tamm Resonance | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Highly Sensitive Salinity and Temperature Sensor Using Tamm Resonance Zaky A. Zaky, Arafa H. Aly This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-300379/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 07 Jul, 2021 Read the published version in Plasmonics → Version 1 posted 4 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In this paper, a Tamm plasmons resonance-based sensor is theoretically studied to calculate the salinity of seawater as well as a temperature sensor based on photonic crystals. The transfer matrix method (TMM) is used to systematically study and analyze the reflected s-polarized electromagnetic waves from the sensing structure. The proposed structure composes of prism/Au/water/(Si/SiO 2 ) N /Si. The sensitivity, figure-of-merit, quality factor, and detection limit of the sensors are improved by optimizing the thickness of the seawater layer, incident angle, salinity concentration, and temperature. The proposed salinity sensor records a very high sensitivity of 8.5x10 4 nm/RIU and quality factor of 3x10 3 , and a very low detection limit of 10 -7 nm. Besides, the suggested temperature sensor achieves high sensitivity (from 2.8 nm/˚C to 10.8 nm/˚C), high-quality factor of 3.5x10 3 , and a very low detection limit of 3x10 -7 nm. These results indicate that the proposed sensor is a strong candidate for salinity and temperature measurements. Plasma and Fluids Medical Physics Photonics/optics Salinity Sensor Temperature sensor Seawater Photonic crystal Tamm resonance Functionalized biosensors Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Full Text Due to technical limitations, full-text HTML conversion of this manuscript could not be completed. However, the manuscript can be downloaded and accessed as a PDF. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 07 Jul, 2021 Read the published version in Plasmonics → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Accept for Publication 30 Jun, 2021 Reviewers invited by journal 03 Mar, 2021 Reviews received at journal 03 Mar, 2021 First submitted to journal 18 Jan, 2021 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-300379","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":14990722,"identity":"217f19a3-1e19-4e82-9432-630fd025a8cb","order_by":0,"name":"Zaky A. 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","description":"","filename":"Fig3.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-300379/v1/351b50bde3749f97faacb98a.jpeg"},{"id":6807202,"identity":"a7207d6e-547e-46f6-ad51-ebd7a27b629e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-03-10 17:35:52","extension":"jpeg","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":159069,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Reflectance spectra for prism/Au/water/(Si/SiO2)N/Si as a function of the wavelength at different salinity concentrations with α0=0˚, N=8, dw=700 nm, T=25 ˚C, and dm=25 nm.","description":"","filename":"Fig4.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-300379/v1/824d331f6b7344d6dad680f0.jpeg"},{"id":6807196,"identity":"154d4d28-3b60-4f28-b4cf-d2eb1c9cc39c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-03-10 17:35:51","extension":"jpeg","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":81447,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"The relation between the thickness of the water layer and wavelength shift at N = 8, dm = 25 nm, T=25 ˚C, and α0=0˚.","description":"","filename":"Fig5.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-300379/v1/8367f8eaf7144ee0c6309758.jpeg"},{"id":6807207,"identity":"9504c285-5419-43bb-859e-d0161a30678c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-03-10 17:35:53","extension":"jpeg","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":193868,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"(A) The variation of reflectance as a function of wavelength and incident angle. (B) The relation between the incident angle and wavelength shift at N = 8, dm= 25 nm, dw= 6000 nm, and T=25 ˚C. ","description":"","filename":"Fig6.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-300379/v1/f02a32323e437354a76fafef.jpeg"},{"id":6807204,"identity":"96b34898-0b5a-4336-a505-149ce0581676","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-03-10 17:35:52","extension":"jpeg","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":75613,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"The effect of operating temperature on the performance of the salinity sensor at N = 8, dm= 25 nm, dw= 6000 nm, and α0=61.6˚. ","description":"","filename":"Fig7.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-300379/v1/6983713697a79aa72e94d764.jpeg"},{"id":6807447,"identity":"c6e3d8c8-f35e-4022-b29b-82a60a42ef8e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-03-10 17:38:52","extension":"jpeg","order_by":8,"title":"Figure 8","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":96199,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Reflectance of the salinity sensor at α0=61.6˚, N=8, dw=6000 nm, T=25 ˚C, and dm=25 nm.","description":"","filename":"Fig8.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-300379/v1/2b006118a887880ab2759c55.jpeg"},{"id":6807198,"identity":"d3368c6b-d06a-46ff-b097-24889760294c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-03-10 17:35:52","extension":"jpeg","order_by":9,"title":"Figure 9","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":87864,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"The linear relation between the refractive index of seawater and resonant dip position at optimum conditions.","description":"","filename":"Fig9.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-300379/v1/52edb61d1c22b29dfb2b4f4e.jpeg"},{"id":6807201,"identity":"447b5d12-af03-48eb-b121-7f120e70dfb6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-03-10 17:35:52","extension":"jpeg","order_by":10,"title":"Figure 10","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":122374,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Dependence of water refractive index on both temperature and salinity concentration at a wavelength of 1000 nm.","description":"","filename":"Fig10.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-300379/v1/c61e58b44c684f9c49e56fe6.jpeg"},{"id":6807206,"identity":"9c388dc4-9d8a-48d8-8cdb-89ca781aa127","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-03-10 17:35:53","extension":"jpeg","order_by":11,"title":"Figure 11","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":72956,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"The effect of salinity concentration on the sensitivity of the temperature sensor at the optimum conditions","description":"","filename":"Fig11.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-300379/v1/55e51f7107277d9293a8bb81.jpeg"},{"id":6807197,"identity":"d959918a-b0e1-49bb-a924-ca90cb144ba6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-03-10 17:35:52","extension":"jpeg","order_by":12,"title":"Figure 12","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":99596,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Reflectance spectra of the proposed structure as a temperature sensor as a function of the wavelength at different Temperatures with α0 =61.6°, N=8, dw=6000 nm, Cs=11 %, and dm=25 nm.","description":"","filename":"Fig12.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-300379/v1/9977cc84f6be00b45a97de4e.jpeg"},{"id":6807449,"identity":"d9ee1e43-23f0-4179-b208-df6c3ad4b78d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-03-10 17:38:53","extension":"jpeg","order_by":13,"title":"Figure 13","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":103419,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"defect dip position and sensitivity of the proposed temperature sensor as a function of temperature at optimum conditions.","description":"","filename":"Fig13.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-300379/v1/c4d7ada1205c1b8618799527.jpeg"},{"id":13602722,"identity":"8f21d8e5-2d5d-415b-9caa-c3a2b417412c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-17 05:52:35","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2081351,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ZakySTsensor.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-300379/v1_covered.pdf"},{"id":6807514,"identity":"f3b2fae3-f479-4ca1-bf31-d42227df72cd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-03-10 17:41:56","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1858536,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ZakySTsensor.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-300379/v1_stamped.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Highly Sensitive Salinity and Temperature Sensor Using Tamm Resonance","fulltext":[{"header":"Full Text","content":"\u003cp\u003eDue to technical limitations, full-text HTML conversion of this manuscript could not be completed. 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The transfer matrix method (TMM) is used to systematically study and analyze the reflected s-polarized electromagnetic waves from the sensing structure. The proposed structure composes of prism/Au/water/(Si/SiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003csup\u003eN\u003c/sup\u003e/Si. The sensitivity, figure-of-merit, quality factor, and detection limit of the sensors are improved by optimizing the thickness of the seawater layer, incident angle, salinity concentration, and temperature. The proposed salinity sensor records a very high sensitivity of 8.5x10\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026nbsp;nm/RIU and quality factor of 3x10\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e, and a very low detection limit of 10\u003csup\u003e-7\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026nbsp;nm. Besides, the suggested temperature sensor achieves high sensitivity (from 2.8 nm/˚C to 10.8 nm/˚C), high-quality factor of 3.5x10\u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e, and a very low detection limit of 3x10\u003csup\u003e-7\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026nbsp;nm. These results indicate that the proposed sensor is a strong candidate for salinity and temperature measurements.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Highly Sensitive Salinity and Temperature Sensor Using Tamm Resonance","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2021-03-10 17:35:49","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-300379/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Accept for Publication","date":"2021-06-30T12:55:03+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2021-03-04T00:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2021-03-04T00:00:00+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Plasmonics","date":"2021-01-18T16:27:11+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"plasmonics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"plas","sideBox":"Learn more about [Plasmonics](https://www.springer.com/journal/11468)","snPcode":"11468","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11468/3","title":"Plasmonics","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"d87eda2c-c4a7-46a8-8644-2c26a1e814c7","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 10th, 2021","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":2875011,"name":"Plasma and Fluids"},{"id":2875012,"name":"Medical Physics"},{"id":2875013,"name":"Photonics/optics"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2021-08-10T15:04:27+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-300379","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-021-01487-6","journal":{"identity":"plasmonics","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Plasmonics"},"publishedOn":"2021-07-07 15:00:50","publishedOnDateReadable":"July 7th, 2021"},"versionCreatedAt":"2021-03-10 17:35:49","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s11468-021-01487-6","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-021-01487-6","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-300379","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-300379","identity":"rs-300379","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"7rjqhiLT3MXkJMwkYKINL","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}