Easternmost distribution of Asian hornet (Vespa velutina nigrithorax, du Buysson 1905) in Slovakia: Urgent need for advanced detection and interregional monitoring

Abstract The invasive Asian hornet (Vespa velutina nigrithorax) continues its spread across Europe, posing a significant threat to biodiversity, viticulture, and apiculture. Species identification on the first individuals caught in Slovakia was confirmed via molecular analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Radio telemetry was employed to track foraging hornets, leading to the discovery of the nest within inaccessible private property. Mastering and utilizing manual tracking techniques assisted by radio telemetry, alongside public awareness campaigns and regional monitoring programs, are crucial in Slovakia and neighbouring countries to mitigate the potential ecological and economic impacts of this invasive species. Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest.