An Observational Assessment of the Correlation of Laparoscopic Finding with USG and HSG Findings in Females Diagnosed with Infertility

Aim: Correlation of laparoscopic finding with ultrasonography and hysterosalpingography findings in females with infertility. Material and methods: This observational prospective study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Netaji Subhas Medical College and Hospital, Bihta, Patna, Bihar, India. Couples who had not lived together for at least 12 months and patients with absolute or relative contraindication for laparoscopy i.e. any pre-existing cardiovascular or respiratory condition, generalized peritonitis, intestinal ileus or obstruction and abdominal hernia, were excluded. Sample size taken was 100. Results: Out of the 50 patients with abnormal findings on USG, 20 had polycystic ovaries (20%) which was the most common finding. The other findings were fibroid uterus in 5 (5%), ovarian cyst in 3 (3%), adnexal mass in 4 (4%), endometrioma in 5 (5%), uterine polyp in 4 (4%) patients. Out of the 50 patients with abnormal findings on hysterosalpingography, most common finding was tubal block. 10 patients (10%) had bilateral tubal block, left tubal block in 20 (20%), right tubal block in 20 (20%) patients. The other findings were intra uterine filling defects in 4 patients (4%), extravasation in 1(1%) patient, intra uterine septum in 5 (5%) patients and hydrosalpinx in 5 (5%) patients. On hysteroscopy, 7 patients (7%) had septum and in 3 (3%) ostia were not seen. One patient had bicornuate uterus confirmed on laparoscopy. On laparoscopy 60 patients (60%) had abnormal finding. Most common finding was endometriosis in 20 patients (20%). The other findings were B/L tubal block in 12 (12%) patients, left tubal block in 20(20%) and right tubal block in 18 (18%) patients, pelvic adhesions in 12 (12%), fibroid in 10 (10%), PCO in 10(10%), endometrioma in 7 (7%), ovarian cyst in 4 (4%), hydrosalpinx in 4 (4%) patients. Conclusion: HSG and Laparoscopy are complimentary rather that competitive procedures. The accuracy of diagnosis is enhanced when two procedures are combined especially in those cases where the result of one of the tests is doubtful.