Mobile Augmented Reality Games Towards Smart Learning City Environments: Learning Sustainability with the [Project’s Name] App

This study explores the potential of mobile augmented reality games (MARG) in promoting sustainability competencies within the context of a smart learning city environment. Anchored in the [removed] project, which integrates location-based AR-enhanced games into an interactive mobile app, the research investigates how these tools support Education for Sustainable Development (ESD). Employing a mixed-methods approach, data were collected through the [name of questionnaire] and anonymous gameplay logs generated by the app. Thematic analysis of 358 responses revealed four key learning domains: cultural awareness, environmental protection, sustainability awareness, and contextual knowledge. Quantitative performance data highlighted substantial variation across games, with the highest performance found in those with more frequent AR integration and multiple iterative refinements. Participants engaging with AR-enhanced features (optional) outperformed others. The findings provide empirical evidence for the use of MARGs to cultivate sustainability-related knowledge, skills, and attitudes, particularly when grounded in local realities and enhanced through thoughtful design. Beyond the [removed] project, the study proposes a replicable model for assessing sustainability competencies, with implications for broader integration of AR across educational contexts in ESD. The paper concludes with a critical reflection on methodological limitations and suggests future directions, including adapting the [name of questionnaire] for use with younger learners in primary education.