Childhood Traumas and Personality Traits' Impact on Rhinoplasty Decision

Childhood Traumas and Personality Traits' Impact on Rhinoplasty Decision | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Childhood Traumas and Personality Traits' Impact on Rhinoplasty Decision Yavuz Yılmaz, Ahmet Aksoy, Emine Elif Altuntaş This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4411459/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Purpose Aesthetic surgeries, especially rhinoplasty, are increasingly common today and are closely linked to an individual's psychological health. Patients seeking rhinoplasty tend to be more anxious and have experienced more negative childhood experiences. However, the impact of personality traits and adverse childhood experiences on the decision to undergo rhinoplasty is not well understood. Methods The study involved 256 individuals: 106 who had undergone rhinoplasty, 46 considering it, and 104 not considering it. Participants completed the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised Short Form and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Results Neuroticism increased the likelihood of undergoing rhinoplasty by 16.3%, rising to 29.3% if a family member had the surgery. Psychoticism increased the likelihood by 15.4%, reaching 19.1% if no family member had rhinoplasty. Extraversion increased the likelihood by 24.4%, reaching 30.9% with a family history. Emotional abuse, mediated by neuroticism, increased the likelihood of rhinoplasty by 5.4%, reaching 17.7% with a family history. Physical neglect increased the likelihood by 17.9%, rising to 22% without a family history. Conclusions Personality traits and childhood traumas influence the decision to undergo rhinoplasty. These findings provide important insights for future research. rhinoplasty childhood traumas personality Figures Figure 1 Introduction Today, aesthetic surgeries have acquired significant importance as a reflection of modern body perception. The increase in societal prosperity has contributed to the widespread occurrence of such surgeries. According to the results of an international study conducted in 92 countries in 2015, the number of aesthetic operations was determined to be 12,055,418. Approximately 85.6% of these cases were women, while men constituted 14.4% ( 1 ). Rhinoplasty is a cosmetic surgical operation performed to enhance nasal aesthetics without affecting or correcting impaired functions. Among cosmetic surgical procedures, nasal aesthetics rank first ( 2 ). Individuals undergoing cosmetic surgery are not patients with physical health problems; psychological factors are among the major motivators for opting for surgery. Studies have focused on psychiatric disorders such as body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) ( 3 , 4 ). Similarly, psychological characteristics such as low self-esteem, negative body image, and perfectionism can be motivational sources for cosmetic surgery ( 5 – 7 ). Personality is defined as the manner of perceiving and relating to the environment and is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. According to Eysenck, personality encompasses three main dimensions. Extraversion represents sociability and impulsiveness, with individuals scoring high on this dimension being described as outgoing, enjoying communication with people, and preferring to be with others rather than alone. Neuroticism indicates emotional stability or overreactivity, suggesting that individuals scoring high on this dimension might be anxious, depressive, tense, shy, overly emotional, and have low self-confidence. Psychoticism is associated with more unusual personality traits, such as being cold, distant, aggressive, mistrustful, emotionless, eccentric, prone to guilt, and insensitive to others ( 8 ). There is a lack of sufficient studies evaluating personality traits before cosmetic surgeries. In a study investigating the relationship between personality traits and the choice of cosmetic surgery, patients with higher neuroticism scores were found to be more likely to request and undergo rhinoplasty ( 9 ). Childhood traumas (CTs) are defined as experiences in childhood that cause emotional pain or distress, often resulting in long-term psychological and physical effects. These experiences may include major natural events, terrorism, migration, war, domestic violence, neglect, or abuse ( 10 ). CTs are classified into physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect. It is known that trauma histories in childhood affect mental health in adult life and are associated with many mental disorders in adulthood ( 11 – 13 ). The negative impact of traumatic experiences in childhood on brain development and the permanent changes they cause in the neuronal and endocrine systems have been demonstrated ( 14 ). CTs are a common and significantly impactful problem worldwide. Limited studies explore the relationship between rhinoplasty and CTs ( 15 ). When examining the literature, studies investigating the relationship between personality traits, CTs, and the decision for rhinoplasty are quite limited. Propelled by the idea that this relationship needs more detailed research, we aimed to test the hypothesis that CTs and personality traits influence the decision to undergo rhinoplasty. Method Participants The sample of the study consisted of 256 individuals evaluated at the Otorhinolaryngology Department of Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine. Inclusion criteria were being literate, not having severe psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, intellectual disability, personality disorder, etc.), being over 18 years of age, and voluntarily agreeing to participate in the study. Study Procedure and Data Collection Tools Our study was conducted between 15.04.2023 and 15.07.2023. All participants were administered the Personal Information Form, the Revised Short Form of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-RSF), and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). The purpose of the study was explained in detail to the individuals, and assurance was given that the data would be kept confidential. Written and verbal consent was obtained from participants who agreed to participate in the study. No incentive was offered to the participants for participating in the study. All stages of this study were carried out in accordance with the rules of the Helsinki Declaration. The Personal Information Form; is a questionnaire prepared by the researchers to assess the sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, marital status, income level, educational status, employment status, rhinoplasty status, alcohol use, smoking habits, and the presence of family members who have had rhinoplasty), and medical and psychiatric health of all the cases in the study. Revised Short Form of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire : This shortened version of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, designed for easier application, was developed by Francis et al. ( 16 ). The Turkish adaptation of the scale was conducted by Karancı and colleagues ( 17 ). The scale measures three dimensions of personality traits: extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism. Additionally, the scale includes a lie scale to prevent bias and enhance reliability. Higher scores on the sub-dimensions indicate a more intense presence of the corresponding personality trait. Childhood Trauma Questionnaire Developed by Bernstein et al., this assessment tool comprises 28 questions, including three items that measure the minimization of trauma ( 18 ). The scale yields five subscale scores addressing childhood sexual, physical, emotional abuse, and emotional, physical neglect, as well as a total score combining these subscales. The Turkish adaptation and validation of the Turkish form were carried out by Şar and colleagues ( 19 ). Statistical Analysis All analyses used in the study were performed using the open-source software JAMOVI v2.3.26. The analysis of the study consisted of two parts. First, frequency tables and descriptive statistics of the demographic data of the participants were created. In the second part, a mediation model was used to examine the direct or indirect effects of the variables in the proposed model. The Bootstrapping technique with 10000 repetitions was chosen to minimize estimation error. In the model, the subscales of the CTQ were independent (exogenous), the status of undergoing rhinoplasty was dependent (endogenous), personality traits were mediators, and the presence of rhinoplasty in the family was a moderating variable. Results were interpreted at a 95% confidence level. Results Of the participants, 38.3% (n = 98) were male, 61.7% (n = 158) were female, 52% (n = 133) were single, and 84.4% (n = 216) had college or university-level education. 41.4% (n = 106) of the participants had undergone rhinoplasty, 18% (n = 46) were considering rhinoplasty, and 40.6% (n = 104) were not considering it. Participants' ages ranged from 18 to 54 years, with an average age of 31.07 ± 8.79 years. Sociodemographic data of the sample are presented in Table 1 . Descriptive statistics of the scale scores are given in Table 2 . Table 1 Sociodemographic and clinical data for the whole sample. n % Gender Female 158 61.7 Male 98 38.3 Marital status Single 133 52 Married 114 44.5 Divorced etc. 9 3.5 Income rate Below 10 thousand TRY 83 32.4 10 thousand-20 thousand TRY 98 38.3 20 thousand-40 thousand TRY 54 21.1 40 thousand TL and above 21 8.2 Educational status Primary Education 7 2.7 High School 33 12.9 College/University 216 84.4 Employment status Student 65 25.4 Unemployed 22 8.6 Public employee 126 49.2 Private sector employee 30 11.7 Other 13 5.1 Presence of physical illness Yes 9 3.5 No 247 96.5 Presence of psychiatric illness Yes 15 5.9 No 241 94.1 Rhinoplasty status Has undergone rhinoplasty 106 41.4 Considering rhinoplasty 46 18 Not considering rhinoplasty 104 40.6 Smoking while driving Yes 68 26.6 No 188 73.4 Alcohol consumption Yes 35 13.7 No 221 86.3 Family history of rhinoplasty Yes 67 26.2 No 189 73.8 Age (years) (mean ± SD)) 31.07 ± 8.79 31,55 ± 9,81 Table 2 Descriptive statistics of the scale scores n Min Max Mean SD CTQ total 256 35,00 112,00 46,77 10,31 Emotional Abuse 256 5,00 25,00 6,69 3,02 Physical Abuse 256 5,00 25,00 5,83 2,56 Physical Neglect 256 5,00 17,00 7,89 2,72 Emotional Neglect 256 5,00 24,00 9,82 4,50 Sexual Abuse 256 5,00 25,00 5,86 2,83 Extraversion 256 0,00 6,00 3,94 1,87 Neuroticism 256 0,00 6,00 2,89 1,93 Psychoticism 256 0,00 5,00 1,28 1,11 Lying 256 0,00 6,00 4,15 1,50 Abbreviations: CTQ, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire; SD, Standart Deviation Using a mediation model, the mediating effects in the proposed model were calculated (Fig. 1). According to the established model, emotional abuse increases the likelihood of undergoing rhinoplasty by 5.4% through neuroticism. The presence of a family member who has undergone rhinoplasty does not affect this outcome, but if such a family member exists, the rate increases to 17.7% (p < 0.05). Physical neglect does not affect the decision for rhinoplasty through psychotism, but in the absence of a family member who has undergone rhinoplasty, physical neglect decreases the likelihood of rhinoplasty through psychotism by 4.7% (p < 0.05). Extraversion increases the likelihood of rhinoplasty by 24.4%. If there is a family member who has undergone rhinoplasty, this rate rises to 30.9%, but if there is no such family member, it decreases to 22.4% (p < 0.001). Neuroticism increases the likelihood of rhinoplasty by 16.3%. If there is a family member who has undergone rhinoplasty, this rate rises to 29.3% (p < 0.001), and the absence of such a family member does not influence this outcome. Psychotism increases the likelihood of rhinoplasty by 15.4%. The presence of a family member who has undergone rhinoplasty does not affect the decision, but if there is no such family member, the rate increases to 19.1% (p < 0.05). Physical neglect increases the likelihood of rhinoplasty by 17.9% (p < 0.05). The presence of a family member who has undergone rhinoplasty does not influence this, but if there is no such family member, the rate increases to 22% (p < 0.05). Relevant data are presented in the Appendix . Discussion To the best of our knowledge, our research is the first to examine the independent effects of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) subdimensions (exogenous), the decision to undergo rhinoplasty (endogenous), with personality traits as a mediator, and the presence of a family member who has undergone rhinoplasty as a moderator. Our findings reveal that emotional abuse, physical neglect, extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism influence the decision to undergo rhinoplasty. These results emphasize the impact of psychological and familial factors on the inclination towards cosmetic surgery. Neuroticism is the most common personality trait observed in rhinoplasty patients ( 20 ). In a study examining the relationship between personality traits and cosmetic treatment choices, patients with neurotic traits were found more likely to undergo and request rhinoplasty. The same study found that neuroticism also influenced the choice of surgery for skin and facial contour areas. In other words, neuroticism is particularly motivating for aesthetic surgeries, especially for the nose, eyes, and other body parts ( 9 ). Neuroticism can be associated with depression, anxiety, and emotional instability. Individuals exhibiting depressive symptoms often have low self-esteem levels. They strive for the body image they desire, hoping to reduce their suffering and dissatisfaction ( 21 ). Another study demonstrated that patients undergoing rhinoseptoplasty typically exhibit symptoms of anxiety and depression but have high self-confidence levels. These patients also tend to display less passivity ( 22 ). Our study has found that neuroticism influences the decision to undergo rhinoplasty, both as a direct effect and through mediation. Our study also concluded that psychoticism affects the decision to undergo rhinoplasty, both as a direct effect and through mediation. In the aforementioned study examining the relationship between personality traits and cosmetic treatment choices, it was found that psychoticism did not influence the choice of rhinoplasty but was effective in surgical choices for the facial contour area ( 9 ). Individuals with high levels of psychoticism often feel lonely, disregard others, and may be prone to dangerous behaviors, such as suicidal tendencies ( 23 ). By nature, they may tend to overlook the potential risks that aesthetic operations may bring. It has also been shown that extraversion influences the choice of area in aesthetic surgical operations. In the aforementioned study, extraversion did not influence the choice of rhinoplasty but was found to be effective in surgical choices for the facial contour area ( 9 ). Extraverted individuals typically have additional social needs, seek more social interaction, and pay attention to their appearance to gain energy from their surroundings ( 24 ). Therefore, it can be assumed that extraverted individuals might show more interest in achieving a better appearance, including rhinoplasty and all other cosmetic surgical interventions. The relationship between rhinoplasty and Childhood Traumas (CT) has not been thoroughly examined. One study investigated the relationship between facial plastic surgery and psychiatric disorders, including patients who had undergone plastic surgery. Among these, 86% were cosmetic surgery patients, with 80% having undergone rhinoplasty. Remarkably, 79% of the participants reported at least one Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE). Regarding the specifics of these experiences, 41% of participants described emotional abuse, 25% physical abuse, 23% sexual abuse, 38% emotional neglect, and 12% physical neglect ( 15 ). Childhood abuse and neglect often trigger feelings of shame, especially body shame. CT can lead to body-related shame, self-harm behaviors, obsessive tendencies, extreme dependencies, poor physical health in adulthood, and conditions such as Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) ( 25 ). This feeling of shame can also lead individuals to seek more cosmetic surgeries. In our study, it is observed that emotional abuse through neuroticism, physical neglect through psychoticism, and physical neglect directly influence the decision to undergo rhinoplasty. Limitations The most significant limitation of this study is that it performs a cross-sectional evaluation and uses self-report scales. Scales based on self-report may be insufficient to obtain objective results. The fact that patients from a single center were included in our study is another limitation of our study. There is a need for multicenter studies with more patients. Conclusion Our findings indicate that both personality traits and CTs influence the decision to undergo rhinoplasty. Therefore, we believe it is crucial for patients planning to undergo rhinoplasty to have comprehensive psychiatric evaluations in the pre-surgical period. Such assessments could prevent unnecessary surgical interventions, enhance post-operative patient satisfaction, and reduce potential conflicts between doctors and patients. Our study is the first to include participants who have had rhinoplasty, are considering rhinoplasty, and are not considering rhinoplasty, examining how personality traits and CT influence the decision for rhinoplasty. In this regard, our study is quite original and stands out as a strong aspect. We are of the opinion that our findings will provide a new perspective to the literature and serve as a guide for future studies. Declarations Ethical Statement All participants included in the study were provided with a consent form after being informed by the researchers. The ethics committee approval for this study was obtained from Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine Non-Interventional Ethics Committee (2023-03/37). Declaration of competing interest None Funding This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Author Contribution YY: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Writing- Original draft preparation, Project administration, Writing - Review & Editing. AA: Writing - Original draft preparation, Writing - Review & Editing, Project administration. EEA: Conceptualization, Review & Editing. Acknowledgement The authors would like to thank all participants for their collaboration with the study. Data availability The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. References Surgery ISoAP. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4411459","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":301875687,"identity":"ca34d79c-9003-447f-a273-60caeee78582","order_by":0,"name":"Yavuz Yılmaz","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABA0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACxsYDQFIOiNmAWAIiyINfSwNIizFCCxtEiwQ+TSAtiQ0QtQyEtRjcSG44dKOmLr1/RnbaY949Fon98g2MD962MdSZN+DSkthwOOcYW+6MG7nbjXmeSSTObGNgNpzbxiAhcwCfFjae3A0SudukeQ5IJG44xsAmzQvUgstlEC3/JNINYFr2H2Ng/01QS26bQQJcywY2BjZmfFokzzwEaulLMJxx5u02yTkHJIxnHEtslpxzTkJyBg4tfMfTHz7O+VYnz9+eu03izYE62f7mwwc/vCmz4cdli8KFBFQBxwZg5DLgi0n5/gOoAvY4lY6CUTAKRsGIBQAAHFvkqPOCUwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Sivas Cumhuriyet University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yavuz","middleName":"","lastName":"Yılmaz","suffix":""},{"id":301875688,"identity":"330405df-6135-40e3-8daa-7e629a09cfe5","order_by":1,"name":"Ahmet Aksoy","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sivas Cumhuriyet University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ahmet","middleName":"","lastName":"Aksoy","suffix":""},{"id":301875689,"identity":"eb35d41c-39e4-4b00-8bef-0e16e6177870","order_by":2,"name":"Emine Elif Altuntaş","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Lokman Hekim University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Emine","middleName":"Elif","lastName":"Altuntaş","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-05-13 07:44:10","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4411459/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4411459/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":57307416,"identity":"cc7da6ca-51d6-45c0-a670-538bd645cbcb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-29 02:14:28","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":567458,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSee image above for figure legend\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Figure1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4411459/v1/b82f83467f5400460695d465.png"},{"id":61621929,"identity":"d17d548c-6304-44dd-857f-93225bb0fd03","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-08-02 05:34:41","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1065465,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4411459/v1/c34efcd5-075b-4540-964f-eae312359a0b.pdf"},{"id":57307975,"identity":"021851c6-f477-46c1-a4ce-1c2f8c1b2fe5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-05-29 02:22:28","extension":"xlsx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":14797,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Appendix.xlsx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4411459/v1/7a0e80d8c7afc17cc675f530.xlsx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Childhood Traumas and Personality Traits' Impact on Rhinoplasty Decision","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eToday, aesthetic surgeries have acquired significant importance as a reflection of modern body perception. The increase in societal prosperity has contributed to the widespread occurrence of such surgeries. According to the results of an international study conducted in 92 countries in 2015, the number of aesthetic operations was determined to be 12,055,418. Approximately 85.6% of these cases were women, while men constituted 14.4% (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). Rhinoplasty is a cosmetic surgical operation performed to enhance nasal aesthetics without affecting or correcting impaired functions. Among cosmetic surgical procedures, nasal aesthetics rank first (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndividuals undergoing cosmetic surgery are not patients with physical health problems; psychological factors are among the major motivators for opting for surgery. Studies have focused on psychiatric disorders such as body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD) (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). Similarly, psychological characteristics such as low self-esteem, negative body image, and perfectionism can be motivational sources for cosmetic surgery (\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR6\" citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePersonality is defined as the manner of perceiving and relating to the environment and is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. According to Eysenck, personality encompasses three main dimensions. Extraversion represents sociability and impulsiveness, with individuals scoring high on this dimension being described as outgoing, enjoying communication with people, and preferring to be with others rather than alone. Neuroticism indicates emotional stability or overreactivity, suggesting that individuals scoring high on this dimension might be anxious, depressive, tense, shy, overly emotional, and have low self-confidence. Psychoticism is associated with more unusual personality traits, such as being cold, distant, aggressive, mistrustful, emotionless, eccentric, prone to guilt, and insensitive to others (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e). There is a lack of sufficient studies evaluating personality traits before cosmetic surgeries. In a study investigating the relationship between personality traits and the choice of cosmetic surgery, patients with higher neuroticism scores were found to be more likely to request and undergo rhinoplasty (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChildhood traumas (CTs) are defined as experiences in childhood that cause emotional pain or distress, often resulting in long-term psychological and physical effects. These experiences may include major natural events, terrorism, migration, war, domestic violence, neglect, or abuse (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e). CTs are classified into physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect. It is known that trauma histories in childhood affect mental health in adult life and are associated with many mental disorders in adulthood (\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR12\" citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e). The negative impact of traumatic experiences in childhood on brain development and the permanent changes they cause in the neuronal and endocrine systems have been demonstrated (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e). CTs are a common and significantly impactful problem worldwide. Limited studies explore the relationship between rhinoplasty and CTs (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen examining the literature, studies investigating the relationship between personality traits, CTs, and the decision for rhinoplasty are quite limited. Propelled by the idea that this relationship needs more detailed research, we aimed to test the hypothesis that CTs and personality traits influence the decision to undergo rhinoplasty.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Method","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eParticipants\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe sample of the study consisted of 256 individuals evaluated at the Otorhinolaryngology Department of Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine. Inclusion criteria were being literate, not having severe psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, intellectual disability, personality disorder, etc.), being over 18 years of age, and voluntarily agreeing to participate in the study.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStudy Procedure and Data Collection Tools\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eOur study was conducted between 15.04.2023 and 15.07.2023. All participants were administered the Personal Information Form, the Revised Short Form of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-RSF), and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). The purpose of the study was explained in detail to the individuals, and assurance was given that the data would be kept confidential. Written and verbal consent was obtained from participants who agreed to participate in the study. No incentive was offered to the participants for participating in the study. All stages of this study were carried out in accordance with the rules of the Helsinki Declaration.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eThe Personal Information Form;\u003c/b\u003e is a questionnaire prepared by the researchers to assess the sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, marital status, income level, educational status, employment status, rhinoplasty status, alcohol use, smoking habits, and the presence of family members who have had rhinoplasty), and medical and psychiatric health of all the cases in the study.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eRevised Short Form of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire\u003c/b\u003e: This shortened version of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, designed for easier application, was developed by Francis et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e). The Turkish adaptation of the scale was conducted by Karancı and colleagues (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e). The scale measures three dimensions of personality traits: extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism. Additionally, the scale includes a lie scale to prevent bias and enhance reliability. Higher scores on the sub-dimensions indicate a more intense presence of the corresponding personality trait.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eChildhood Trauma Questionnaire\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeveloped by Bernstein et al., this assessment tool comprises 28 questions, including three items that measure the minimization of trauma (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e). The scale yields five subscale scores addressing childhood sexual, physical, emotional abuse, and emotional, physical neglect, as well as a total score combining these subscales. The Turkish adaptation and validation of the Turkish form were carried out by Şar and colleagues (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStatistical Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAll analyses used in the study were performed using the open-source software JAMOVI v2.3.26. The analysis of the study consisted of two parts. First, frequency tables and descriptive statistics of the demographic data of the participants were created. In the second part, a mediation model was used to examine the direct or indirect effects of the variables in the proposed model. The Bootstrapping technique with 10000 repetitions was chosen to minimize estimation error. In the model, the subscales of the CTQ were independent (exogenous), the status of undergoing rhinoplasty was dependent (endogenous), personality traits were mediators, and the presence of rhinoplasty in the family was a moderating variable. Results were interpreted at a 95% confidence level.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eOf the participants, 38.3% (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;98) were male, 61.7% (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;158) were female, 52% (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;133) were single, and 84.4% (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;216) had college or university-level education. 41.4% (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;106) of the participants had undergone rhinoplasty, 18% (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;46) were considering rhinoplasty, and 40.6% (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;104) were not considering it. Participants' ages ranged from 18 to 54 years, with an average age of 31.07\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.79 years. Sociodemographic data of the sample are presented in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e. Descriptive statistics of the scale scores are given in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSociodemographic and clinical data for the whole sample.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGender\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e158\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarital status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSingle\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e133\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarried\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e114\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDivorced etc.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncome rate\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBelow 10 thousand TRY\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 thousand-20 thousand TRY\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 thousand-40 thousand TRY\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40 thousand TL and above\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEducational status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrimary Education\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHigh School\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCollege/University\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e216\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e84.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEmployment status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStudent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnemployed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublic employee\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e126\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrivate sector employee\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePresence of physical illness\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e247\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e96.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePresence of psychiatric illness\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e241\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e94.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRhinoplasty status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHas undergone rhinoplasty\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e106\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eConsidering rhinoplasty\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot considering rhinoplasty\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e104\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSmoking while driving\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e188\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAlcohol consumption\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e221\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e86.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFamily history of rhinoplasty\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e189\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAge (years) (mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD))\u003c/b\u003e 31.07\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31,55\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e\u0026plusmn;\u003c/b\u003e\u0026thinsp;9,81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDescriptive statistics of the scale scores\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMin\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMax\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCTQ total\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e256\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35,00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e112,00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46,77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10,31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmotional Abuse\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e256\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25,00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6,69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3,02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical Abuse\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e256\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25,00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical Neglect\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e256\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17,00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7,89\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmotional Neglect\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e256\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24,00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9,82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4,50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSexual Abuse\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e256\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25,00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExtraversion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e256\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6,00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3,94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1,87\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeuroticism\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e256\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6,00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,89\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1,93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePsychoticism\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e256\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1,28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1,11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLying\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e256\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6,00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4,15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1,50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"6\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAbbreviations: CTQ, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire; SD, Standart Deviation\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsing a mediation model, the mediating effects in the proposed model were calculated (Fig.\u0026nbsp;1). According to the established model, emotional abuse increases the likelihood of undergoing rhinoplasty by 5.4% through neuroticism. The presence of a family member who has undergone rhinoplasty does not affect this outcome, but if such a family member exists, the rate increases to 17.7% (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). Physical neglect does not affect the decision for rhinoplasty through psychotism, but in the absence of a family member who has undergone rhinoplasty, physical neglect decreases the likelihood of rhinoplasty through psychotism by 4.7% (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). Extraversion increases the likelihood of rhinoplasty by 24.4%. If there is a family member who has undergone rhinoplasty, this rate rises to 30.9%, but if there is no such family member, it decreases to 22.4% (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). Neuroticism increases the likelihood of rhinoplasty by 16.3%. If there is a family member who has undergone rhinoplasty, this rate rises to 29.3% (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), and the absence of such a family member does not influence this outcome. Psychotism increases the likelihood of rhinoplasty by 15.4%. The presence of a family member who has undergone rhinoplasty does not affect the decision, but if there is no such family member, the rate increases to 19.1% (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). Physical neglect increases the likelihood of rhinoplasty by 17.9% (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). The presence of a family member who has undergone rhinoplasty does not influence this, but if there is no such family member, the rate increases to 22% (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). Relevant data are presented in the \u003cb\u003eAppendix\u003c/b\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eTo the best of our knowledge, our research is the first to examine the independent effects of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) subdimensions (exogenous), the decision to undergo rhinoplasty (endogenous), with personality traits as a mediator, and the presence of a family member who has undergone rhinoplasty as a moderator. Our findings reveal that emotional abuse, physical neglect, extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism influence the decision to undergo rhinoplasty. These results emphasize the impact of psychological and familial factors on the inclination towards cosmetic surgery.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeuroticism is the most common personality trait observed in rhinoplasty patients (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e). In a study examining the relationship between personality traits and cosmetic treatment choices, patients with neurotic traits were found more likely to undergo and request rhinoplasty. The same study found that neuroticism also influenced the choice of surgery for skin and facial contour areas. In other words, neuroticism is particularly motivating for aesthetic surgeries, especially for the nose, eyes, and other body parts (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e). Neuroticism can be associated with depression, anxiety, and emotional instability. Individuals exhibiting depressive symptoms often have low self-esteem levels. They strive for the body image they desire, hoping to reduce their suffering and dissatisfaction (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e). Another study demonstrated that patients undergoing rhinoseptoplasty typically exhibit symptoms of anxiety and depression but have high self-confidence levels. These patients also tend to display less passivity (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e). Our study has found that neuroticism influences the decision to undergo rhinoplasty, both as a direct effect and through mediation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOur study also concluded that psychoticism affects the decision to undergo rhinoplasty, both as a direct effect and through mediation. In the aforementioned study examining the relationship between personality traits and cosmetic treatment choices, it was found that psychoticism did not influence the choice of rhinoplasty but was effective in surgical choices for the facial contour area (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e). Individuals with high levels of psychoticism often feel lonely, disregard others, and may be prone to dangerous behaviors, such as suicidal tendencies (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e). By nature, they may tend to overlook the potential risks that aesthetic operations may bring.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt has also been shown that extraversion influences the choice of area in aesthetic surgical operations. In the aforementioned study, extraversion did not influence the choice of rhinoplasty but was found to be effective in surgical choices for the facial contour area (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e). Extraverted individuals typically have additional social needs, seek more social interaction, and pay attention to their appearance to gain energy from their surroundings (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e). Therefore, it can be assumed that extraverted individuals might show more interest in achieving a better appearance, including rhinoplasty and all other cosmetic surgical interventions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe relationship between rhinoplasty and Childhood Traumas (CT) has not been thoroughly examined. One study investigated the relationship between facial plastic surgery and psychiatric disorders, including patients who had undergone plastic surgery. Among these, 86% were cosmetic surgery patients, with 80% having undergone rhinoplasty. Remarkably, 79% of the participants reported at least one Adverse Childhood Experience (ACE). Regarding the specifics of these experiences, 41% of participants described emotional abuse, 25% physical abuse, 23% sexual abuse, 38% emotional neglect, and 12% physical neglect (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e). Childhood abuse and neglect often trigger feelings of shame, especially body shame. CT can lead to body-related shame, self-harm behaviors, obsessive tendencies, extreme dependencies, poor physical health in adulthood, and conditions such as Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e). This feeling of shame can also lead individuals to seek more cosmetic surgeries. In our study, it is observed that emotional abuse through neuroticism, physical neglect through psychoticism, and physical neglect directly influence the decision to undergo rhinoplasty.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eLimitations\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe most significant limitation of this study is that it performs a cross-sectional evaluation and uses self-report scales. Scales based on self-report may be insufficient to obtain objective results. The fact that patients from a single center were included in our study is another limitation of our study. There is a need for multicenter studies with more patients.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eOur findings indicate that both personality traits and CTs influence the decision to undergo rhinoplasty. Therefore, we believe it is crucial for patients planning to undergo rhinoplasty to have comprehensive psychiatric evaluations in the pre-surgical period. Such assessments could prevent unnecessary surgical interventions, enhance post-operative patient satisfaction, and reduce potential conflicts between doctors and patients. Our study is the first to include participants who have had rhinoplasty, are considering rhinoplasty, and are not considering rhinoplasty, examining how personality traits and CT influence the decision for rhinoplasty. In this regard, our study is quite original and stands out as a strong aspect. We are of the opinion that our findings will provide a new perspective to the literature and serve as a guide for future studies.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003ch2\u003eEthical Statement\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e All participants included in the study were provided with a consent form after being informed by the researchers. The ethics committee approval for this study was obtained from Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine Non-Interventional Ethics Committee (2023-03/37).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e \u003ch2\u003eDeclaration of competing interest\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eFunding\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eYY: Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Writing- Original draft preparation, Project administration, Writing - Review \u0026amp; Editing. AA: Writing - Original draft preparation, Writing - Review \u0026amp; Editing, Project administration. EEA: Conceptualization, Review \u0026amp; Editing.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgement\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe authors would like to thank all participants for their collaboration with the study.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eData availability\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe datasets used and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSurgery ISoAP. 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J Abnorm Psychol 104(2):277\u0026ndash;285. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1037//0021-843x.104.2.277\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1037//0021-843x.104.2.277\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"rhinoplasty, childhood traumas, personality","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4411459/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4411459/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003ePurpose\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAesthetic surgeries, especially rhinoplasty, are increasingly common today and are closely linked to an individual's psychological health. Patients seeking rhinoplasty tend to be more anxious and have experienced more negative childhood experiences. However, the impact of personality traits and adverse childhood experiences on the decision to undergo rhinoplasty is not well understood.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study involved 256 individuals: 106 who had undergone rhinoplasty, 46 considering it, and 104 not considering it. Participants completed the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised Short Form and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeuroticism increased the likelihood of undergoing rhinoplasty by 16.3%, rising to 29.3% if a family member had the surgery. Psychoticism increased the likelihood by 15.4%, reaching 19.1% if no family member had rhinoplasty. Extraversion increased the likelihood by 24.4%, reaching 30.9% with a family history. Emotional abuse, mediated by neuroticism, increased the likelihood of rhinoplasty by 5.4%, reaching 17.7% with a family history. Physical neglect increased the likelihood by 17.9%, rising to 22% without a family history.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusions\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003ePersonality traits and childhood traumas influence the decision to undergo rhinoplasty. These findings provide important insights for future research.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Childhood Traumas and Personality Traits' Impact on Rhinoplasty Decision","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-05-29 02:14:24","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4411459/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"9df6b1a0-706c-40ec-a690-8eeab1af9f65","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 29th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-08-02T05:26:33+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-05-29 02:14:24","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4411459","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4411459","identity":"rs-4411459","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}