Unleashing Financial Fortitude: Exploring the Saving and Investment Habits of Rural Women in Bareilly, India

Unleashing Financial Fortitude: Exploring the Saving and Investment Habits of Rural Women in Bareilly, India | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Unleashing Financial Fortitude: Exploring the Saving and Investment Habits of Rural Women in Bareilly, India SHAHEEN EFRAH ALI This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3148862/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Purpose This study identified the awareness of rural women about various purpose of saving, investment options, investment patterns, and factors that influence their investment decisions. Design/methodology/approach This study used a descriptive research design to collect primary data of 100 rural women by convenience sampling through a structured questionnaire. Frequency and percentage methods were used to analyze the data. Findings The study identified the purpose of saving and factors that influence investment decisions among rural women, including family and social pressure, income, education, and financial literacy including investment patterns like savings accounts, gold, and livestock. Practical implications The study have practical implications for policymakers and financial institutions to promote financial literacy and financial inclusion among rural women. Finance Women's studies Behavioral Geography Management Rural women Investment Saving financial inclusion financial literacy Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Introduction Saving is crucial for societal development and individual in developing countries like India. Women have historically mostly been regarded as second-class citizens, with primary responsibility of household chores only. However, working women are now capable of saving a portion of their income for future needs. Non-working women rely on various sources, such as their family members, husbands, dairy farming, and agriculture, to save and invest for the future. Developing a habit of saving can act as a safety net during emergencies and lead to financial security. The literacy and employment rates of women have increased significantly, resulting in higher earnings and savings. This allows women to support their families by reducing financial burdens and providing additional resources, investing in traditional banks, self-help groups and pigmy banks. Investing savings is one way to combat the impact of inflation. This research project aims to analyze the saving habits of rural women, as well as the factors that influence their behavior. The main objective of this research is to explore the saving and investment behavior of rural women and assess their knowledge of various investment options. Rural areas often lack education and technological advancements, making people less aware of new schemes. This survey aims to determine the level of awareness among rural women about saving and investment opportunities, as well as the forms in which they prefer to save or invest their money. Ultimately, the research aims to determine the level of knowledge among rural women regarding the investment and saving options in which they are currently engaged. The state of Uttar Pradesh in India has a large rural population, with over 75% of the state's population residing in rural areas. The district of Bareilly, located in the western part of Uttar Pradesh, is one such area with a predominantly rural population. Women in rural areas of Bareilly face numerous challenges in terms of economic participation, including limited access to financial services and low levels of financial literacy. Despite these challenges, there have been efforts by the Indian government and various NGOs to promote women's economic empowerment in rural areas. For example, the government's flagship program, the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana, aims to provide universal access to financial services, including savings accounts and insurance, to all households in India. However, it is unclear to what extent women in rural areas of Bareilly have been able to take advantage of these initiatives and develop savings and investment habits that can support their economic empowerment. Therefore, this study seeks to fill this gap by examining the saving and investment habits of women in rural areas of Bareilly, India. To further contextualize the study, it is important to note that the district of Bareilly is primarily an agricultural region, with farming being the main source of livelihood for most of the rural population. However, women's participation in agriculture is often limited to subsistence farming and unpaid labor, as cultural norms and gender inequalities often prevent them from owning land and accessing credit and other resources. By exploring the factors that influence women's savings and investment habits in this specific context, the study can provide insights into the barriers and opportunities that exist for women's economic empowerment in rural areas. The study also seeks to contribute to the broader literature on gender and development by examining the relationship between women's savings and investment habits and their economic empowerment. Ultimately, the study aims to inform policies and programs that can support women's economic empowerment and promote inclusive economic growth in rural areas of Bareilly and beyond. In addition, the lack of financial literacy and access to financial institutions further limits women's ability to save and invest their money. This can have significant consequences for their economic empowerment, as savings and investments are important tools for building assets, generating income, and managing financial risks. Previous studies on women's economic empowerment in India have identified several factors that contribute to the gender gap in economic participation, including patriarchal attitudes, limited access to education and skills training, and discriminatory laws and regulations. Therefore, it is important to examine the specific context of Bareilly to understand how these factors impact women's savings and investment habits in this region. Literature Review Women play a crucial role in economic growth and development in rural areas. However, studies have shown that women in rural areas often face significant financial constraints that limit their savings and investment options. This literature review aims to examine the saving and investment habits of women in rural areas of Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India, and identify factors that affect their financial decision-making. In a study conducted by Goyal and Kumar ( 2019 ) in rural Rajasthan, India, it was found that women's participation in financial decision-making and access to financial services were positively associated with their savings and investment habits. The study emphasized the importance of financial literacy and empowerment of women in rural areas to improve their financial decision-making. According to a study by Singh and Chakraborty ( 2018 ) in rural West Bengal, India, women in rural areas tend to save more than men, but their savings are often informal and kept outside the formal banking sector. The study also highlighted the need for financial education and access to formal banking services to encourage women to save and invest in formal financial institutions. In a study conducted by Arora and Arora ( 2016 ) in rural Haryana, India, it was found that women's savings and investment decisions were influenced by their social and cultural backgrounds, access to financial services, and level of financial literacy. The study recommended the provision of financial education and the development of appropriate financial products to cater to the specific needs of rural women. According to a study by Deshmukh and Naik ( 2019 ) in rural Maharashtra, India, the majority of women in rural areas save for emergencies, health expenses, and children's education. The study emphasized the need for financial literacy and access to financial services to encourage women to invest in long-term financial products such as mutual funds and insurance. In a study conducted by Singh and Singh ( 2017 ) in rural Uttar Pradesh, India, it was found that women's savings and investment habits were influenced by their household income, education level, and access to financial services. The study recommended the provision of financial education and the development of appropriate financial products to encourage women's savings and investment habits in rural areas. According to a study by Khanna and Kumar ( 2019 ), women in rural areas have limited access to formal financial institutions, which makes them rely on informal sources for their financial needs. The study found that women in rural areas save more than they invest and prefer to keep their savings in cash or gold. This is due to a lack of awareness about investment opportunities and limited access to financial literacy programs. Another study by Varghese and Thomas ( 2018 ) found that women in rural areas face several challenges in investing their savings, including a lack of financial literacy, limited access to financial institutions, and social and cultural barriers. The study highlights the need for financial literacy programs that target rural women and promote their participation in formal financial systems. Similarly, a study by Yadav et al. ( 2021 ) found that lack of awareness and financial literacy are the major factors that hinder rural women from investing their savings. The study recommends the implementation of financial literacy programs that cater to the specific needs of rural women and provide them with information about different investment options. In contrast, a study by Chauhan et al. ( 2020 ) found that women in rural areas have a higher inclination towards investing their savings compared to men. The study attributes this to the fact that women in rural areas are more aware of the importance of financial security and have limited opportunities for earning income. However, the study also highlights the need for financial literacy programs that target rural women and provide them with information about investment opportunities and risks. A study conducted by Sulekha and Mohapatra ( 2016 ) in the rural areas of Odisha, India, found that women were more likely to save money than men, and that their savings were mainly used for household expenses, children's education, and medical emergencies. The study also found that women lacked awareness about formal financial institutions and the benefits of savings and suggested that financial literacy programs be implemented to educate women on the importance of savings and investment. Another study by Rathore and Singh ( 2015 ) in rural Rajasthan, India, revealed that women's participation in decision-making, their education level, and their access to financial services had a significant impact on their savings and investment habits. The study suggested that financial education and access to appropriate financial services could help promote women's savings and investment habits in rural areas. A study by Narayanasamy et al. ( 2017 ) in Tamil Nadu, India, found that women's savings and investment habits were influenced by their socio-economic status, education level, and access to financial services. The study recommended the need for financial literacy programs to raise awareness among women about savings and investment opportunities. Another study conducted by Jain and Jain ( 2016 ) in rural areas of Rajasthan and Gujarat, India, found that women's savings and investment habits were influenced by their age, education level, and employment status. The study also found that women tend to prioritize short-term goals, such as meeting daily household expenses, over long-term savings and investment goals. The authors suggest that financial education programs should be designed to address the specific needs and preferences of rural women. Similarly, in a study conducted by Verma and Tiwari ( 2015 ) in rural areas of Madhya Pradesh, India, it was found that women's savings and investment habits were influenced by their household income, education level, and social networks. The study also found that women faced various barriers in accessing financial services, such as lack of awareness, distance to financial institutions, and lack of appropriate financial products. The authors recommend the development of financial literacy programs and the provision of accessible and appropriate financial services to promote women's savings and investment habits in rural areas. Furthermore, a study by Srivastava et al. ( 2014 ) in rural areas of Uttar Pradesh, India, found that women's savings and investment habits were influenced by their age, education level, and household income. The study also revealed that women faced various challenges in managing their finances, such as lack of knowledge, limited access to financial services, and lack of control over financial decisions. The authors suggest that interventions aimed at promoting women's savings and investment habits should address these challenges through the provision of financial education, access to appropriate financial services, and empowerment of women to make financial decisions. In a study conducted by Tyagi and Sharma ( 2021 ) in Bareilly, India, it was found that women in rural areas face many challenges in saving and investing due to lack of financial literacy and limited access to financial institutions. The study recommended the promotion of financial literacy among rural women and the development of financial products and services that cater to their needs. Mishra and Bhandari ( 2018 ) conducted a study on women's financial inclusion in rural Uttar Pradesh, India and found that women in rural areas face various barriers in accessing financial services such as lack of awareness, low income, and social norms. The study suggested that financial institutions should provide customized financial products and services and increase their outreach to rural areas. In a study conducted by Shukla and Verma ( 2020 ) on the saving and investment habits of rural women in Uttar Pradesh, India, it was found that women prefer to save and invest in traditional methods such as gold, livestock, and informal savings groups. The study recommended the promotion of formal financial institutions and the development of financial products that cater to the preferences and needs of rural women. Another study by Kumari and Kumari ( 2021 ) in rural Uttar Pradesh, India, found that women face challenges in accessing financial services and lack of awareness about formal financial institutions. The study recommended the provision of financial education and the use of technology to increase financial inclusion among rural women. The literature review showed that women in rural areas face significant financial constraints that limit their savings and investment options. Although there were some studies on the savings and investment habits of rural women in India, there was still a need for further research to understand the factors that influence their financial decision-making, and to develop appropriate financial literacy programs and financial products that cater to their specific needs and preferences. Additionally, the study could also investigate the potential impact of cultural and social factors on the financial behavior of rural women. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE To find out the awareness among rural women about various investment avenue and analysis their investments pattern. To highlight the purpose of saving and factor influence investment decision of rural women. To analyze the investment pattern of rural women. Hypothesis H1- There is a significant awareness among rural women about various investment avenues and their investment patterns. H2- The purpose of saving significantly influences the investment decisions of rural women. H3–The investment patterns of rural women can be analyzed. Research Methodology The research design for this study was descriptive. The study universe was consisting of rural areas in the Bareilly District of Uttar Pradesh. The primary data collection method used was a structured questionnaire, while secondary data was collected from articles, reports, and websites. Convenience sampling, a non-probability sampling method, was used to select a sample size of 100 respondents. The questionnaire design was a combination of open-ended questions, close-ended questions with 2–5 options, and a Likert scale. The statistical tools and techniques used to analyze the data are the frequency and percentage by using MS Excel. The study duration was from 7th April 2023 to 25th April 2023, during which data collection and statistical analysis took place. Result Discussion In this study, impact of 15 preliminary factor on different rural women were analyzed. 1- Table– showing age group analysis Particular Frequency Percent Below 25 25 25% 25–35 24 24% 35–45 11 11% Above 45 40 40% Total 100 100% This showed that frequency distribution based on different age groups of women and out of 100 responded 25% as in Above 45, 24% from below than 25, 11% from 35–45 age group, 24% from 24–35 age group. It showed that the age group 35–45 were most involved in saving and investment activities and least respondents in age group of 25–35 with 11 respondents. OCCUPATION ANALYSIS: - 2-Table- showing occupation analysis Particular Frequency Percent Service 13 13% Housewife 38 38% Business 13 13% Profession 11 11% Other 25 25% Total 100 100% It showed that frequency distribution based on different occupation of women. So, from 100 respondents 13% women from service, 38% women from housewife,13% of women from business and from profession there were 11% women, and 25% other women involved in Saving and Investment. Thus, it showed that women from housewife occupation were mostly involved in Saving and Investment and service and businesswoman were least involved in Saving and Investment. FAMILY MONTHLY INCOME ANALYSIS: - 3-Table- Showing family monthly income analysis Particular Frequency Percent Less than 10000 39 39% 10000–20000 20 20% 20000–30000 17 17% Above 40000 24 24% Total 100 100% It showed that frequency distribution based on different occupation of women and from 100 respondents 39% are belong to less than 10000 family income, 24% belong to above 40000 and 20%,17% women belong to mid between 10000–30000. Thus, it showed that mostly women are belonging to less than 10000 family income. MARTIAL STATUS ANALYSIS: - 4- Table- showing marital status analysis Particular Frequency Percent Married 69 69% Unmarried 31 31% Total 100 100% It showed that frequency distribution based on different occupation of women and from 100 respondents 69% women are married and 31% women are unmarried and mostly married women are involved in saving and investment Pattern. BANK ACCOUNT ANALYSIS: - 4.3 5- Table- Showing Bank account analysis Particular Frequency Percent Yes 87 87% No 13 13% Total 100 100% It showed that frequency distribution based on different occupation of women and from 100 respondents 87% women have their own account in bank and 13% women do not have their own account in bank. Thus, it can be interpreted that now days, many rural women didn’t have their bank account. Type of Bank Account Rural Women Have 6 Table -Showing type of account analysis. Particular Frequency Percent Current account 34 34% Saving account 66 66% Total 100 100% It showed that frequency distribution based on different occupation of women and from 100 respondents 66% have current account and 34% have saving account. It can be interpreted that mostly women have current account so least respondents have saving account and mostly women were not keeping their money in bank for saving purpose. AWARENESS OF SAVING AND INVESTMENT PATTERN: - 7-Table - Showing awareness of saving and investment Pattern Particular Frequency Percent Yes 54 54% No 27 27% Maybe 19 19% Total 100 100% It showed awareness of saving and investment Pattern of different women of rural areas to analyze from which sector of women are most and least involved in saving and investment and from the 100 respondents 54 women are aware from saving and investment while 27 were not aware for saving and investment and 19 women were confused. Thus, it can be interpreted that mostly women were aware by saving and investment Pattern and some women were confused because they listen name and some knowledge, but they didn’t know what exactly it was. CONSULTING WITH FRIENDS AND RELATIVES BEFORE MAKING AN INVESTMENT CHOICE: - 8-Table- Showing Consul before making an Investment Choice Particular Frequency Percent Every time 16 16 Sometimes 62 62 Never 22 22 Total 100 100% It showed that frequency distribution based on different occupation of women. So, from 100 respondents 16% are more concerned about investment choice, 62%are least interested in investing and 22% are not interested. Thus, it can be interpreted that mostly women were not more involved in investment choice and some women were mostly or regularly involve in investment choice. PREFERENCE TO INVEST MONEY:- 9- Table- showing sector for investing money analysis. Particular Frequency Percent Private sector 61 61% Public sector 39 39% Total 100 100% It showed that frequency distribution based on different occupation of women and from 100 respondent’s 61%women want to invest their money in private sector, and 39%women interested to invest their money in public sector. Thus, it can be interpreted that mostly women are interested to invest their money in private sector rather than public sector. SHOWING PERCENTAGE OF INVESTMENT: - 10-Table- showing percentage of investment Particular Frequency Percentage 0–15% 43 43% 15–30% 30 30% 30–40% 22 22% Above 40% 5 5% Total 100 100% This showed that frequency distribution based on different occupation of women and from 100 respondents 43%are invest 0–15%, 30% invest 15–30% ,22% invest 30–40% and 5%invest more than 40, mostly women were investing only little part of money in investment. ANALYSIS OF SAVING OBJECTIVE:- 11-Table- Analysis of Saving Objective Particular Frequency Percent Children marriage and education 32 32% Safe way to keep money 29 29% Healthcare 27 27% Source of income 12 12% Total 100 100% It showed that frequency distribution based on different occupation of women and from 100 32%save their money for children marriage and education,29% for safe way to keep money, 27% for healthcare, 12% for source of income. It can be interpreted that mostly women save their money for their children marriage and education. ANALYSIS OF AVENUE FOR SAVING:- 12- Table -Analysis of avenue for saving Particular Frequency Percent Insurance 16 16% Bank 49 49% Post office 14 14% Gold 13 13% Pigmy 6 6% SHGs 2 2% Total 100 100% This table of frequency distribution show avenue for saving income of different women of rural areas to analyze from which sector of women were most and least involved in Saving and investment and from the 100 respondents 16 keep their money in insurance, 49 in bank, 14 in post office, 13 as gold, 6 in pigmy and 2 in SHGs. It showed that frequency distribution based on different occupation of women. So, from 100 respondents16% keep their money in insurance, 49%in bank, 14% in post office, 13% as gold, 6% in pigmy and 2%in SHGs and mostly women keep their money in banks rather than insurance and post office etc. EASILY AVAILABILITY OF BANK IN AREAS:- 13-Table- Showing availability of Bank Particular Frequency Percent Yes 59 59% No 27 27% Maybe 14 14% Total 100 100% It showed that frequency distribution based on different occupation of women and from 100 respondents, 59% said that banks are easily available in their areas, 27% said that banks are not easily available, and 14% were unsure or said maybe. Mostly women said that bank was easily available in their areas. SATISFACTION OF AVAILABLE BANK FACILITY: - 14-Table- showing satisfaction of available bank facility Particular Frequency Percent Strongly disagree 16 16% Disagree 13 13% Neutral 34 34% Agree 33 33% Strongly agree 4 4% Total 100 100% It showed that frequency distribution based on different occupation of women and from 100 respondents 16% are strongly disagree,13% are disagree, 34%are neutral ,33%are agree, and 4 are strongly agree. Mostly women are strongly disagreeing with the available facilities given by bank. DIFFICULTY IN DIFFERENT INVESTMENT AVENUE 15-Table- Showing difficulty face by women to finding investment avenue analysis Particular Frequency Percent Yes 75 75% No 25 25% Total 100 100% It showed that frequency distribution based on different occupation of women and from 100 respondents 75% face difficulty in finding different investments Avenue and 25% are aware what different investments Avenue was. Mostly women face difficulty in finding the difference between various investment avenues. Result Discussion The results showed that the age group 35–45 was the most involved in saving and investment activities, with the lowest number of respondents in the 25–35 age group. This may indicate that women in the middle-age range have more financial responsibilities and are therefore more interested in investing for their future. Regarding occupation, the highest percentage of respondents were housewives (38%), followed by other occupations (25%), businesswomen (13%), and women in service (13%). Women in service and business were found to be the least involved in saving and investment activities, while housewives were the most involved. This may be because housewives mostly responsible for managing household finances and therefore have a greater incentive to save and invest. The study also examined family monthly income and found that most respondents (39%) had a monthly income of less than 10,000 rupees. This suggests that rural women may face financial constraints and may need to be more strategic in their savings and investment decisions. In terms of marital status, the study found that most respondents were married (69%), while 31% were unmarried. Married women were found to be more involved in saving and investment activities, which may be because they have a greater responsibility to plan for their family's future. The study also looked at the respondents' bank account status and found that 87% of women had their own account in a bank, while 13% did not. However, only 34% of respondents had a savings account, while the majority (66%) had a current account. This suggests that many rural women may not be using banks as a tool for saving and investing and may need more education and support to do so. Finally, the study examined the awareness of saving and investment patterns among rural women and found that 54% of respondents were aware of these concepts, while 27% were not. This highlights the need for more financial education and awareness campaigns targeted at rural women. This study provides valuable insights into the saving and investment patterns of rural women in the Bareilly District of Uttar Pradesh. The results suggest that women in this population face unique challenges in managing their finances, but also have a strong desire to plan for their future. The findings can be used to inform policies and interventions aimed at improving financial inclusion and promoting financial literacy among rural women. Findings The study found that the age group of 35–45 was the most involved in saving and investment activities. Women from the housewife occupation were mostly involved in saving and investment, and service and businesswomen were least involved. Most women belonged to the less than 10,000 family income categories. Most women were married, had their own bank accounts, and held current accounts instead of savings accounts. The study also found that 54% of the women surveyed were aware of saving and investment patterns, while 27% were not aware. 19% were unsure. The results of the study support the hypothesis that there is a significant awareness among rural women about various investment avenues and their investment patterns, the purpose of saving significantly influences the investment decisions of rural women, and the investment patterns of rural women can be analyzed. Suggestions and Recommendations Majority of rural women have limited financial knowledge, it is recommended that the government and financial institutions develop financial literacy programs to educate them about various investment options and savings plans. As the study showed that many women in rural areas do not use banks for saving and investing, there is a need to increase accessibility to banking services in these areas. The study found that women in the age group of 35–45 were most involved in saving and investing activities. Therefore, it is suggested that financial institutions should design products and services that cater to the specific needs of this age group, and also encourage younger women to develop saving habits. The government should introduce schemes and policies that are specifically targeted towards empowering rural women financially. Further research can be conducted on the investment patterns of rural women to better understand their financial behavior and develop more tailored solutions to their needs. Conclusion The study aimed to explore the saving and investment habits of rural women in the Bareilly District of Uttar Pradesh. Using a descriptive research design and a convenience sample of 100 respondents, the study was able to analyze the investment patterns, factors influencing investment decisions, and awareness of investment avenues among rural women. The findings of the study suggest that rural women face unique challenges in managing their finances, but also have a strong desire to plan for their future. The study found that the age group of 35–45 was the most involved in saving and investment activities, while women from the housewife occupation were mostly involved in saving and investment, and service and businesswomen were least involved. Most women belonged to the less than 10,000 family income categories, and the majority of women were married, had their own bank accounts, and held current accounts instead of savings accounts. The study also found that 54% of the women surveyed were aware of saving and investment patterns, while 27% were not aware. 19% were unsure. The results of the study support the hypothesis that there is a significant awareness among rural women about various investment avenues and their investment patterns, the purpose of saving significantly influences the investment decisions of rural women, and the investment patterns of rural women can be analyzed. The study provides valuable insights into the saving and investment patterns of rural women in the Bareilly District of Uttar Pradesh. The findings can be used to inform policies and interventions aimed at improving financial inclusion and promoting financial literacy among rural women. The study's limitations, including the small sample size and the use of a non-probability sampling method, should also be considered when interpreting the results. Limitation The data collected through a structured questionnaire may be subject to self-reporting bias, where respondents may not provide accurate information due to social desirability or other factors. The study focused on Limited geographical scope, which may not be generalizable to other rural areas in India or other countries. There is the possibility of Lack of diversity of the respondents, such as their caste, religion, or education level, which may have an impact on their savings and investment habits. The study was conducted over a relatively short period of time (18 days), which may have limited the depth of data collection and analysis. Declarations I declare that there are no known competing interests that could influence the objectivity, integrity, or impartiality of the research findings. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Invertis University, and the protocols used in the study were approved by the Research Committee of invertis University, Bareilly, India. References Kumari, S., & Kumari, S. (2021). Financial inclusion of rural women: A study of Uttar Pradesh. Indian Journal of Commerce and Management Studies, 12(1), 74-81. Mishra, S. 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analysis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage15.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3148862/v1/4da063106265258d85168f14.jpeg"},{"id":39922259,"identity":"4ba5b25d-9357-477e-a775-42c2d2f52830","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-07-12 14:35:08","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":868020,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3148862/v1/dda35fc8-2589-4f13-8060-03a149030ebc.pdf"},{"id":39920231,"identity":"6a0b7bc2-d949-49ae-b865-50d7174b8f90","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-07-12 14:27:02","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":44243,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Annexure.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3148862/v1/31593bf1a6e1b1ed3df32680.docx"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUnleashing Financial Fortitude: Exploring the Saving and Investment Habits of Rural Women in Bareilly, India\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eSaving is crucial for societal development and individual in developing countries like India. Women have historically mostly been regarded as second-class citizens, with primary responsibility of household chores only. However, working women are now capable of saving a portion of their income for future needs. Non-working women rely on various sources, such as their family members, husbands, dairy farming, and agriculture, to save and invest for the future. Developing a habit of saving can act as a safety net during emergencies and lead to financial security. The literacy and employment rates of women have increased significantly, resulting in higher earnings and savings. This allows women to support their families by reducing financial burdens and providing additional resources, investing in traditional banks, self-help groups and pigmy banks. Investing savings is one way to combat the impact of inflation. This research project aims to analyze the saving habits of rural women, as well as the factors that influence their behavior. The main objective of this research is to explore the saving and investment behavior of rural women and assess their knowledge of various investment options. Rural areas often lack education and technological advancements, making people less aware of new schemes. This survey aims to determine the level of awareness among rural women about saving and investment opportunities, as well as the forms in which they prefer to save or invest their money. Ultimately, the research aims to determine the level of knowledge among rural women regarding the investment and saving options in which they are currently engaged. The state of Uttar Pradesh in India has a large rural population, with over 75% of the state's population residing in rural areas. The district of Bareilly, located in the western part of Uttar Pradesh, is one such area with a predominantly rural population. Women in rural areas of Bareilly face numerous challenges in terms of economic participation, including limited access to financial services and low levels of financial literacy. Despite these challenges, there have been efforts by the Indian government and various NGOs to promote women's economic empowerment in rural areas. For example, the government's flagship program, the Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana, aims to provide universal access to financial services, including savings accounts and insurance, to all households in India. However, it is unclear to what extent women in rural areas of Bareilly have been able to take advantage of these initiatives and develop savings and investment habits that can support their economic empowerment. Therefore, this study seeks to fill this gap by examining the saving and investment habits of women in rural areas of Bareilly, India. To further contextualize the study, it is important to note that the district of Bareilly is primarily an agricultural region, with farming being the main source of livelihood for most of the rural population. However, women's participation in agriculture is often limited to subsistence farming and unpaid labor, as cultural norms and gender inequalities often prevent them from owning land and accessing credit and other resources.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBy exploring the factors that influence women's savings and investment habits in this specific context, the study can provide insights into the barriers and opportunities that exist for women's economic empowerment in rural areas. The study also seeks to contribute to the broader literature on gender and development by examining the relationship between women's savings and investment habits and their economic empowerment. Ultimately, the study aims to inform policies and programs that can support women's economic empowerment and promote inclusive economic growth in rural areas of Bareilly and beyond. In addition, the lack of financial literacy and access to financial institutions further limits women's ability to save and invest their money. This can have significant consequences for their economic empowerment, as savings and investments are important tools for building assets, generating income, and managing financial risks. Previous studies on women's economic empowerment in India have identified several factors that contribute to the gender gap in economic participation, including patriarchal attitudes, limited access to education and skills training, and discriminatory laws and regulations. Therefore, it is important to examine the specific context of Bareilly to understand how these factors impact women's savings and investment habits in this region.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Literature Review","content":"\u003cp\u003eWomen play a crucial role in economic growth and development in rural areas. However, studies have shown that women in rural areas often face significant financial constraints that limit their savings and investment options. This literature review aims to examine the saving and investment habits of women in rural areas of Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India, and identify factors that affect their financial decision-making.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn a study conducted by Goyal and Kumar (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e) in rural Rajasthan, India, it was found that women's participation in financial decision-making and access to financial services were positively associated with their savings and investment habits. The study emphasized the importance of financial literacy and empowerment of women in rural areas to improve their financial decision-making.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccording to a study by Singh and Chakraborty (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e) in rural West Bengal, India, women in rural areas tend to save more than men, but their savings are often informal and kept outside the formal banking sector. The study also highlighted the need for financial education and access to formal banking services to encourage women to save and invest in formal financial institutions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn a study conducted by Arora and Arora (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e) in rural Haryana, India, it was found that women's savings and investment decisions were influenced by their social and cultural backgrounds, access to financial services, and level of financial literacy. The study recommended the provision of financial education and the development of appropriate financial products to cater to the specific needs of rural women.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccording to a study by Deshmukh and Naik (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e) in rural Maharashtra, India, the majority of women in rural areas save for emergencies, health expenses, and children's education. The study emphasized the need for financial literacy and access to financial services to encourage women to invest in long-term financial products such as mutual funds and insurance.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn a study conducted by Singh and Singh (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e) in rural Uttar Pradesh, India, it was found that women's savings and investment habits were influenced by their household income, education level, and access to financial services. The study recommended the provision of financial education and the development of appropriate financial products to encourage women's savings and investment habits in rural areas.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccording to a study by Khanna and Kumar (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e), women in rural areas have limited access to formal financial institutions, which makes them rely on informal sources for their financial needs. The study found that women in rural areas save more than they invest and prefer to keep their savings in cash or gold. This is due to a lack of awareness about investment opportunities and limited access to financial literacy programs.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnother study by Varghese and Thomas (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e) found that women in rural areas face several challenges in investing their savings, including a lack of financial literacy, limited access to financial institutions, and social and cultural barriers. The study highlights the need for financial literacy programs that target rural women and promote their participation in formal financial systems.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSimilarly, a study by Yadav et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e) found that lack of awareness and financial literacy are the major factors that hinder rural women from investing their savings. The study recommends the implementation of financial literacy programs that cater to the specific needs of rural women and provide them with information about different investment options.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn contrast, a study by Chauhan et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e) found that women in rural areas have a higher inclination towards investing their savings compared to men. The study attributes this to the fact that women in rural areas are more aware of the importance of financial security and have limited opportunities for earning income. However, the study also highlights the need for financial literacy programs that target rural women and provide them with information about investment opportunities and risks.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA study conducted by Sulekha and Mohapatra (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e) in the rural areas of Odisha, India, found that women were more likely to save money than men, and that their savings were mainly used for household expenses, children's education, and medical emergencies. The study also found that women lacked awareness about formal financial institutions and the benefits of savings and suggested that financial literacy programs be implemented to educate women on the importance of savings and investment.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnother study by Rathore and Singh (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e) in rural Rajasthan, India, revealed that women's participation in decision-making, their education level, and their access to financial services had a significant impact on their savings and investment habits. The study suggested that financial education and access to appropriate financial services could help promote women's savings and investment habits in rural areas.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA study by Narayanasamy et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e) in Tamil Nadu, India, found that women's savings and investment habits were influenced by their socio-economic status, education level, and access to financial services. The study recommended the need for financial literacy programs to raise awareness among women about savings and investment opportunities.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnother study conducted by Jain and Jain (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e) in rural areas of Rajasthan and Gujarat, India, found that women's savings and investment habits were influenced by their age, education level, and employment status. The study also found that women tend to prioritize short-term goals, such as meeting daily household expenses, over long-term savings and investment goals. The authors suggest that financial education programs should be designed to address the specific needs and preferences of rural women.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSimilarly, in a study conducted by Verma and Tiwari (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e) in rural areas of Madhya Pradesh, India, it was found that women's savings and investment habits were influenced by their household income, education level, and social networks. The study also found that women faced various barriers in accessing financial services, such as lack of awareness, distance to financial institutions, and lack of appropriate financial products. The authors recommend the development of financial literacy programs and the provision of accessible and appropriate financial services to promote women's savings and investment habits in rural areas.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurthermore, a study by Srivastava et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e) in rural areas of Uttar Pradesh, India, found that women's savings and investment habits were influenced by their age, education level, and household income. The study also revealed that women faced various challenges in managing their finances, such as lack of knowledge, limited access to financial services, and lack of control over financial decisions. The authors suggest that interventions aimed at promoting women's savings and investment habits should address these challenges through the provision of financial education, access to appropriate financial services, and empowerment of women to make financial decisions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn a study conducted by Tyagi and Sharma (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e) in Bareilly, India, it was found that women in rural areas face many challenges in saving and investing due to lack of financial literacy and limited access to financial institutions. The study recommended the promotion of financial literacy among rural women and the development of financial products and services that cater to their needs.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMishra and Bhandari (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e) conducted a study on women's financial inclusion in rural Uttar Pradesh, India and found that women in rural areas face various barriers in accessing financial services such as lack of awareness, low income, and social norms. The study suggested that financial institutions should provide customized financial products and services and increase their outreach to rural areas.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn a study conducted by Shukla and Verma (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e) on the saving and investment habits of rural women in Uttar Pradesh, India, it was found that women prefer to save and invest in traditional methods such as gold, livestock, and informal savings groups. The study recommended the promotion of formal financial institutions and the development of financial products that cater to the preferences and needs of rural women.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnother study by Kumari and Kumari (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e) in rural Uttar Pradesh, India, found that women face challenges in accessing financial services and lack of awareness about formal financial institutions. The study recommended the provision of financial education and the use of technology to increase financial inclusion among rural women.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe literature review showed that women in rural areas face significant financial constraints that limit their savings and investment options. Although there were some studies on the savings and investment habits of rural women in India, there was still a need for further research to understand the factors that influence their financial decision-making, and to develop appropriate financial literacy programs and financial products that cater to their specific needs and preferences. Additionally, the study could also investigate the potential impact of cultural and social factors on the financial behavior of rural women.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eRESEARCH OBJECTIVE\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo find out the awareness among rural women about various investment avenue and analysis their investments pattern.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo highlight the purpose of saving and factor influence investment decision of rural women.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo analyze the investment pattern of rural women.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eHypothesis\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eH1- There is a significant awareness among rural women about various investment avenues and their investment patterns.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eH2- The purpose of saving significantly influences the investment decisions of rural women.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eH3\u0026ndash;The investment patterns of rural women can be analyzed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eResearch Methodology\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe research design for this study was descriptive. The study universe was consisting of rural areas in the Bareilly District of Uttar Pradesh. The primary data collection method used was a structured questionnaire, while secondary data was collected from articles, reports, and websites. Convenience sampling, a non-probability sampling method, was used to select a sample size of 100 respondents. The questionnaire design was a combination of open-ended questions, close-ended questions with 2\u0026ndash;5 options, and a Likert scale. The statistical tools and techniques used to analyze the data are the frequency and percentage by using MS Excel. The study duration was from 7th April 2023 to 25th April 2023, during which data collection and statistical analysis took place.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Result Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn this study, impact of 15 preliminary factor on different rural women were analyzed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"colspec\"\u003e1-\u003cstrong\u003eTable\u0026ndash;\u003c/strong\u003e showing age group analysis\u003c/div\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Taba\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParticular\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBelow 25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u0026ndash;35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35\u0026ndash;45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAbove 45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThis showed that frequency distribution based on different age groups of women and out of 100 responded 25% as in Above 45, 24% from below than 25, 11% from 35\u0026ndash;45 age group, 24% from 24\u0026ndash;35 age group. It showed that the age group 35\u0026ndash;45 were most involved in saving and investment activities and least respondents in age group of 25\u0026ndash;35 with 11 respondents.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eOCCUPATION ANALYSIS: -\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e2-Table- showing occupation analysis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tabb\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003eParticular\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003eFrequency\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003ePercent\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003eService\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e13\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e13%\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003eHousewife\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e38\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e38%\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003eBusiness\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e13\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e13%\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003eProfession\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e11\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e11%\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003eOther\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e25\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e25%\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003eTotal\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e100\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e100%\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIt showed that frequency distribution based on different occupation of women. So, from 100 respondents 13% women from service, 38% women from housewife,13% of women from business and from profession there were 11% women, and 25% other women involved in Saving and Investment. Thus, it showed that women from housewife occupation were mostly involved in Saving and Investment and service and businesswoman were least involved in Saving and Investment.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eFAMILY MONTHLY INCOME ANALYSIS: -\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3-Table-\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eShowing family monthly income analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tabc\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParticular\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLess than 10000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10000\u0026ndash;20000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20000\u0026ndash;30000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAbove 40000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIt showed that frequency distribution based on different occupation of women and from 100 respondents 39% are belong to less than 10000 family income, 24% belong to above 40000 and 20%,17% women belong to mid between 10000\u0026ndash;30000. Thus, it showed that mostly women are belonging to less than 10000 family income.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eMARTIAL STATUS ANALYSIS: -\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4- Table-\u003c/strong\u003eshowing marital status analysis\u003ctable id=\"Tabd\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParticular\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarried\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnmarried\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIt showed that frequency distribution based on different occupation of women and from 100 respondents 69% women are married and 31% women are unmarried and mostly married women are involved in saving and investment Pattern.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eBANK ACCOUNT ANALYSIS: -\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4.3 5- Table-\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eShowing Bank account analysis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tabe\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParticular\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e87%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Sec18\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec19\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIt showed that frequency distribution based on different occupation of women and from 100 respondents 87% women have their own account in bank and 13% women do not have their own account in bank. Thus, it can be interpreted that now days, many rural women didn\u0026rsquo;t have their bank account.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec20\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eType of Bank Account Rural Women Have\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6 Table -Showing type of account analysis.\u003c/strong\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tabf\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParticular\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCurrent account\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSaving account\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec21\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIt showed that frequency distribution based on different occupation of women and from 100 respondents 66% have current account and 34% have saving account. It can be interpreted that mostly women have current account so least respondents have saving account and mostly women were not keeping their money in bank for saving purpose.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec22\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eAWARENESS OF SAVING AND INVESTMENT PATTERN: -\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7-Table -\u003c/strong\u003eShowing awareness of saving and investment Pattern\u003ctable id=\"Tabg\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParticular\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMaybe\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Sec23\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIt showed awareness of saving and investment Pattern of different women of rural areas to analyze from which sector of women are most and least involved in saving and investment and from the 100 respondents 54 women are aware from saving and investment while 27 were not aware for saving and investment and 19 women were confused. Thus, it can be interpreted that mostly women were aware by saving and investment Pattern and some women were confused because they listen name and some knowledge, but they didn\u0026rsquo;t know what exactly it was.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec24\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eCONSULTING WITH FRIENDS AND RELATIVES BEFORE MAKING AN INVESTMENT CHOICE: -\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8-Table-\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eShowing Consul before making an Investment Choice\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tabh\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParticular\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEvery time\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSometimes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNever\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Sec25\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIt showed that frequency distribution based on different occupation of women. So, from 100 respondents 16% are more concerned about investment choice, 62%are least interested in investing and 22% are not interested. Thus, it can be interpreted that mostly women were not more involved in investment choice and some women were mostly or regularly involve in investment choice.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Sec26\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003ePREFERENCE TO INVEST MONEY:-\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9- Table- showing sector for investing money analysis.\u003c/strong\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tabi\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParticular\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrivate sector\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePublic sector\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIt showed that frequency distribution based on different occupation of women and from 100 respondent\u0026rsquo;s 61%women want to invest their money in private sector, and 39%women interested to invest their money in public sector. Thus, it can be interpreted that mostly women are interested to invest their money in private sector rather than public sector.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Sec27\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eSHOWING PERCENTAGE OF INVESTMENT: -\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cdiv\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10-Table- showing percentage of investment\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tabj\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParticular\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercentage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u0026ndash;15%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u0026ndash;30%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u0026ndash;40%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAbove 40%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Sec28\" class=\"Section4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThis showed that frequency distribution based on different occupation of women and from 100 respondents 43%are invest 0\u0026ndash;15%, 30% invest 15\u0026ndash;30% ,22% invest 30\u0026ndash;40% and 5%invest more than 40, mostly women were investing only little part of money in investment.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec29\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eANALYSIS OF SAVING OBJECTIVE:-\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e11-Table-\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eAnalysis of Saving Objective\u003ctable id=\"Tabk\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParticular\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChildren marriage and education\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSafe way to keep money\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHealthcare\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSource of income\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec31\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIt showed that frequency distribution based on different occupation of women and from 100 32%save their money for children marriage and education,29% for safe way to keep money, 27% for healthcare, 12% for source of income. It can be interpreted that mostly women save their money for their children marriage and education.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec32\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eANALYSIS OF AVENUE FOR SAVING:-\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e12- Table\u003c/strong\u003e-Analysis of avenue for saving\u003ctable id=\"Tabl\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParticular\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInsurance\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBank\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost office\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGold\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePigmy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSHGs\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Sec33\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThis table of frequency distribution show avenue for saving income of different women of rural areas to analyze from which sector of women were most and least involved in Saving and investment and from the 100 respondents 16 keep their money in insurance, 49 in bank, 14 in post office, 13 as gold, 6 in pigmy and 2 in SHGs.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Sec34\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIt showed that frequency distribution based on different occupation of women. So, from 100 respondents16% keep their money in insurance, 49%in bank, 14% in post office, 13% as gold, 6% in pigmy and 2%in SHGs and mostly women keep their money in banks rather than insurance and post office etc.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003ch3\u003eEASILY AVAILABILITY OF BANK IN AREAS:-\u003c/h3\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e13-Table-\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eShowing availability of Bank\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tabm\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParticular\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMaybe\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt showed that frequency distribution based on different occupation of women and from 100 respondents, 59% said that banks are easily available in their areas, 27% said that banks are not easily available, and 14% were unsure or said maybe. Mostly women said that bank was easily available in their areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSATISFACTION OF AVAILABLE BANK FACILITY: -\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e14-Table-\u003c/strong\u003eshowing satisfaction of available bank facility\u003ctable id=\"Tabn\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParticular\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStrongly disagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStrongly agree\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec37\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv id=\"Sec38\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIt showed that frequency distribution based on different occupation of women and from 100 respondents 16% are strongly disagree,13% are disagree, 34%are neutral ,33%are agree, and 4 are strongly agree. Mostly women are strongly disagreeing with the available facilities given by bank.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec39\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003eDIFFICULTY IN DIFFERENT INVESTMENT AVENUE\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e15-Table- \u003c/strong\u003eShowing difficulty face by women to finding investment avenue analysis\u003ctable id=\"Tabo\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParticular\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt showed that frequency distribution based on different occupation of women and from 100 respondents 75% face difficulty in finding different investments Avenue and 25% are aware what different investments Avenue was. Mostly women face difficulty in finding the difference between various investment avenues.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eResult Discussion\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe results showed that the age group 35\u0026ndash;45 was the most involved in saving and investment activities, with the lowest number of respondents in the 25\u0026ndash;35 age group. This may indicate that women in the middle-age range have more financial responsibilities and are therefore more interested in investing for their future.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRegarding occupation, the highest percentage of respondents were housewives (38%), followed by other occupations (25%), businesswomen (13%), and women in service (13%). Women in service and business were found to be the least involved in saving and investment activities, while housewives were the most involved. This may be because housewives mostly responsible for managing household finances and therefore have a greater incentive to save and invest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study also examined family monthly income and found that most respondents (39%) had a monthly income of less than 10,000 rupees. This suggests that rural women may face financial constraints and may need to be more strategic in their savings and investment decisions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn terms of marital status, the study found that most respondents were married (69%), while 31% were unmarried. Married women were found to be more involved in saving and investment activities, which may be because they have a greater responsibility to plan for their family\u0026apos;s future.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study also looked at the respondents\u0026apos; bank account status and found that 87% of women had their own account in a bank, while 13% did not. However, only 34% of respondents had a savings account, while the majority (66%) had a current account. This suggests that many rural women may not be using banks as a tool for saving and investing and may need more education and support to do so.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFinally, the study examined the awareness of saving and investment patterns among rural women and found that 54% of respondents were aware of these concepts, while 27% were not. This highlights the need for more financial education and awareness campaigns targeted at rural women.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study provides valuable insights into the saving and investment patterns of rural women in the Bareilly District of Uttar Pradesh. The results suggest that women in this population face unique challenges in managing their finances, but also have a strong desire to plan for their future. The findings can be used to inform policies and interventions aimed at improving financial inclusion and promoting financial literacy among rural women.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Findings","content":"\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe study found that the age group of 35\u0026ndash;45 was the most involved in saving and investment activities. Women from the housewife occupation were mostly involved in saving and investment, and service and businesswomen were least involved.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMost women belonged to the less than 10,000 family income categories. Most women were married, had their own bank accounts, and held current accounts instead of savings accounts.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe study also found that 54% of the women surveyed were aware of saving and investment patterns, while 27% were not aware. 19% were unsure.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe results of the study support the hypothesis that there is a significant awareness among rural women about various investment avenues and their investment patterns, the purpose of saving significantly influences the investment decisions of rural women, and the investment patterns of rural women can be analyzed.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e"},{"header":"Suggestions and Recommendations","content":"\u003cul\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMajority of rural women have limited financial knowledge, it is recommended that the government and financial institutions develop financial literacy programs to educate them about various investment options and savings plans.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAs the study showed that many women in rural areas do not use banks for saving and investing, there is a need to increase accessibility to banking services in these areas.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe study found that women in the age group of 35\u0026ndash;45 were most involved in saving and investing activities. Therefore, it is suggested that financial institutions should design products and services that cater to the specific needs of this age group, and also encourage younger women to develop saving habits.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe government should introduce schemes and policies that are specifically targeted towards empowering rural women financially.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFurther research can be conducted on the investment patterns of rural women to better understand their financial behavior and develop more tailored solutions to their needs.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe study aimed to explore the saving and investment habits of rural women in the Bareilly District of Uttar Pradesh. Using a descriptive research design and a convenience sample of 100 respondents, the study was able to analyze the investment patterns, factors influencing investment decisions, and awareness of investment avenues among rural women. The findings of the study suggest that rural women face unique challenges in managing their finances, but also have a strong desire to plan for their future. The study found that the age group of 35\u0026ndash;45 was the most involved in saving and investment activities, while women from the housewife occupation were mostly involved in saving and investment, and service and businesswomen were least involved. Most women belonged to the less than 10,000 family income categories, and the majority of women were married, had their own bank accounts, and held current accounts instead of savings accounts. The study also found that 54% of the women surveyed were aware of saving and investment patterns, while 27% were not aware. 19% were unsure. The results of the study support the hypothesis that there is a significant awareness among rural women about various investment avenues and their investment patterns, the purpose of saving significantly influences the investment decisions of rural women, and the investment patterns of rural women can be analyzed. The study provides valuable insights into the saving and investment patterns of rural women in the Bareilly District of Uttar Pradesh. The findings can be used to inform policies and interventions aimed at improving financial inclusion and promoting financial literacy among rural women. The study's limitations, including the small sample size and the use of a non-probability sampling method, should also be considered when interpreting the results.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Limitation","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe data collected through a structured questionnaire may be subject to self-reporting bias, where respondents may not provide accurate information due to social desirability or other factors.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study focused on Limited geographical scope, which may not be generalizable to other rural areas in India or other countries.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eThere is the possibility of Lack of diversity of the respondents, such as their caste, religion, or education level, which may have an impact on their savings and investment habits.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study was conducted over a relatively short period of time (18 days), which may have limited the depth of data collection and analysis.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003eI declare that there are no known competing interests that could influence the objectivity, integrity, or impartiality of the research findings. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Invertis University, and the protocols used in the study were approved by the Research Committee of invertis University, Bareilly, India.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKumari, S., \u0026amp; Kumari, S. (2021). Financial inclusion of rural women: A study of Uttar Pradesh. Indian Journal of Commerce and Management Studies, 12(1), 74-81.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMishra, S. K., \u0026amp; Bhandari, A. (2018). Women\u0026rsquo;s financial inclusion in rural Uttar Pradesh. Journal of Rural Development, 37(3), 455-469.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eShukla, S., \u0026amp; Verma, S. (2020). Saving and investment habits of rural women in Uttar Pradesh. International Journal of Marketing and Technology, 10(4), 179-187.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTyagi, S., \u0026amp; Sharma, R. (2021). Financial inclusion of rural women: A study of Bareilly district in Uttar Pradesh. International Journal of Scientific Research and Review, 10(1), 2954-2962.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRathore, R. S., \u0026amp; Singh, M. (2015). Savings and investment behavior of women in rural Rajasthan. International Journal of Management, IT and Engineering, 5(10), 142-155.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNarayanasamy, S., Hemalatha, R., \u0026amp; Rani, P. M. (2017). Saving and investment behaviour of women in rural areas of Tamil Nadu: An empirical study. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 12(5), 1055-1059.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJain, S., \u0026amp; Jain, R. (2016). Savings and Investment Behaviour of Rural Women in Rajasthan and Gujarat. Journal of Rural Development, 35(1), 1-18.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSingh, A., \u0026amp; Singh, R. (2017). Factors Affecting Savings and Investment Behavior of Women in Rural Uttar Pradesh. Asian Journal of Research in Banking and Finance, 7(4), 86-94.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSrivastava, S., Srivastava, M., \u0026amp; Singh, P. (2014). Financial Inclusion and Saving Behaviour of Rural Women: A Study of Uttar Pradesh. Journal of Rural Development, 33(3), 361-377.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVerma, N., \u0026amp; Tiwari, R. (2015). Financial Inclusion, Social Networks and Saving Behaviour of Rural Women in Madhya Pradesh. Journal of Rural Development, 34(3), 379-391.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSulekha, T., \u0026amp; Mohapatra, A. (2016). Women\u0026rsquo;s saving behavior in rural Odisha: A case study. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Review, 1(5), 53-58.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eArora, R., \u0026amp; Arora, S. (2016). Savings and Investment Behaviour of Rural Women: A Study of Haryana. Zenith International Journal of Business Economics \u0026amp; Management Research, 6(8), 49-60.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDeshmukh, R., \u0026amp; Naik, D. (2019). Saving and Investment Pattern of Women in Rural Maharashtra. International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews, 6(3), 145-152.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGoyal, A., \u0026amp; Kumar, S. (2019). Financial Inclusion, Women Empowerment and Saving Behavior of Women in Rural Rajasthan. International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews, 6(1), 475-485.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSingh, N., \u0026amp; Chakraborty, K. (2018). Savings Behaviour of Rural Women in West Bengal. International Journal of Innovative Research and Development, 7(8), 266-272.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSingh, M., \u0026amp; Singh, R. (2017). Savings and investment habits of women in rural areas of Uttar Pradesh: An empirical study. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 5(10), 6712-6719.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChauhan, N., Singh, N. K., \u0026amp; Rani, M. (2020). A study on investment behavior of rural women in Haryana. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 8(11), 57-62.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKhanna, P., \u0026amp; Kumar, V. (2019). Investment behaviour of rural women: A study of Uttar Pradesh. South Asian Journal of Marketing \u0026amp; Management Research, 9(9), 48-58.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVarghese, S., \u0026amp; Thomas, S. (2018). Savings and investment behaviour of women in rural Kerala. Journal of Rural Development, 37(3), 417-432.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYadav, R., Prasad, V., \u0026amp; Singh, A. (2021). Savings and investment behaviour of rural women: A case study of Uttar Pradesh. Journal of Rural Development, 40(1), 63-77.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Rural women, Investment, Saving, financial inclusion, financial literacy","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3148862/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3148862/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePurpose\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study identified the awareness of rural women about various purpose of saving, investment options, investment patterns, and factors that influence their investment decisions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDesign/methodology/approach\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study used a descriptive research design to collect primary data of 100 rural women by convenience sampling through a structured questionnaire. Frequency and percentage methods were used to analyze the data.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFindings\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study identified the purpose of saving and factors that influence investment decisions among rural women, including family and social pressure, income, education, and financial literacy including investment patterns like savings accounts, gold, and livestock.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePractical implications\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study have practical implications for policymakers and financial institutions to promote financial literacy and financial inclusion among rural women.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Unleashing Financial Fortitude: Exploring the Saving and Investment Habits of Rural Women in Bareilly, India","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2023-07-12 14:26:57","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3148862/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"1776653c-935c-4610-ae24-679735b5e773","owner":[],"postedDate":"July 12th, 2023","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":23182186,"name":"Finance"},{"id":23182187,"name":"Women's studies"},{"id":23182188,"name":"Behavioral Geography"},{"id":23182189,"name":"Management"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2023-07-12T14:26:57+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2023-07-12 14:26:57","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-3148862","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-3148862","identity":"rs-3148862","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"rHA-KDH7Qsr4HCuvH75dn","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}