Optical Entropy and Generalized Thermodynamics of Solitonic Event Horizons

Optical Entropy and Generalized Thermodynamics of Solitonic Event Horizons | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Optical Entropy and Generalized Thermodynamics of Solitonic Event Horizons Hasan Oguz This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8575937/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The realization of Hawking radiation in optical analogs has historically focused on kinematic observables, such as the effective temperature determined by the horizon’s surface gravity. A complete thermodynamic description, however, necessitates a rigorous definition of entropy and irreversibility, which has remained elusive in Hamiltonian optical systems. In this work, we bridge this gap by introducing an operational entropy for solitonic event horizons, derived from the spectral partitioning of the optical field into coherent solitonic and incoherent radiative subsystems. We demonstrate that the emission of resonant radiation—mediated by the breaking of soliton integrability due to higher-order dispersion—serves as a fundamental mechanism for entropy production. Numerical simulations of the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation confirm that this process satisfies a generalized second law, ∆S tot ≥ 0. These results establish optical event horizons as consistent nonequilibrium thermodynamic systems, offering a new pathway to explore the information-theoretic aspects of analog gravity in laboratory settings. Photonics/optics Analog gravity Optical event horizons Nonequilibrium thermodynamics Generalized second law Soliton integrability breaking Resonant radiation Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8575937","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":572862462,"identity":"af60a292-3d06-412c-b636-64790a77b6f6","order_by":0,"name":"Hasan Oguz","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA7UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACAwST+QBjA5iRQLQWtgSElgPEaeExIE6LOfvxh58LGGzsNpw/8/HhjJo7DPzsOQbMH/fg1mLZk2MsPYMhLXnDgbObDTcce8Yg2fPGgOHAMzwOO5DDIM3DcDjZ4GDvNskHbIcZDG7kALXgcZnB+eePf4O1HOZ5Jvng32EGe4JabiSYgWyxMzjGwya5sQ1oiwRBLW/MrHkM0hIkz7AZG87sO8wjceZZwYEzeB2W/vg2T4WNPd/5ww8f9nw7LMffnrzxQQUeLVCNDIkNUCYPiCCoAQTsiVE0CkbBKBgFIxQAAH+WV9c8SKJgAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7484-4415","institution":"Istanbul Okan University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hasan","middleName":"","lastName":"Oguz","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-01-11 22:35:44","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8575937/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8575937/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":100160884,"identity":"e5a5920f-9a87-41b2-8960-49ba7489ecb2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-13 14:55:28","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":348255,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8575937/v1_covered_ed9bb6b6-46a6-4761-ba69-0de12ee409f8.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eOptical Entropy and Generalized Thermodynamics of Solitonic Event Horizons\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Okan University","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Analog gravity, Optical event horizons, Nonequilibrium thermodynamics, Generalized second law, Soliton integrability breaking, Resonant radiation","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8575937/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8575937/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe realization of Hawking radiation in optical analogs has historically focused on kinematic observables, such as the effective temperature determined by the horizon’s surface gravity. 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