Comparing long-term patterns of spread of native and invasive plants in a successional forest

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Differences in functional traits have been explored, but we lack a comparison of the factors affecting the spread of co-occurring natives and invasives. Some have proposed that to succeed, invasives would colonize a wider variety of sites, would disperse farther, or would be better at colonizing sites with more available light and soil nutrients than natives. We examined patterns of spread over 70 years in a regenerating forest in Connecticut, USA where both native and invasive species acted as colonizers. We compared seven invasive and 19 native species in the characteristics of colonized plots, variation in these characteristics, and the importance of site variables for colonization. We found little support for the hypotheses that invasive plants succeed by dispersing farther than native plants or by having a broader range of site tolerances. Colonization by invasives was also not more dependent on light than colonization by natives. Like native understory species, invasive plants spread into closed-canopy forest and species-rich communities despite earlier predictions that these communities would resist invasion. The biggest differences were that soil nitrate and the initial land cover being open field increased the odds of colonization for most invasives but only for some natives. In large part, though, the spread of native and invasive plants was affected by similar factors. Diversity-invasibility Land-use history Species richness Colonization Biotic resistance Resource availability Full Text Supplementary Files YamamotoandJonesSupplementaryFileforOecologia.pdf Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 17 May, 2024 Read the published version in Oecologia → Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 26 Sep, 2023 Reviewers invited by journal 25 Sep, 2023 Editor assigned by journal 25 Aug, 2023 First submitted to journal 24 Aug, 2023 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3293804","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":236000040,"identity":"ab270206-98c3-4cb7-9214-6ba30d5f7661","order_by":0,"name":"Matthew Yamamoto","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Connecticut College","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Matthew","middleName":"","lastName":"Yamamoto","suffix":""},{"id":236000041,"identity":"df93d3e4-b271-4b06-b375-f9c9ab588ce9","order_by":1,"name":"Chad Jones","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA0UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFCCAyDCRg7Ks5ABEgbEaEkzhvIkeIjQAgaHExuI1sLfePjYgw9/0tL723uPPfhRAdTC3rxNAp8WiQPH0g1nttnkzjhzLt2w5wxQC8+xMrxaDBjOmEnzNqTlbpDIMZNmbANqATIIa/nz53C6AVyL/BsitDCwHU5AaJHgwa8F6Jc0yd62NMMZZ86YSYL8wsaTVmyBTwv/jMPHJH78sZHnb+8xk/hRYSPHz3544w18WoDWoAmw4VUOtqaBoJJRMApGwSgY6QAAh0tBExvw94UAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2989-5827","institution":"Connecticut College","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chad","middleName":"","lastName":"Jones","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2023-08-24 21:45:11","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3293804/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3293804/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-024-05554-7","type":"published","date":"2024-05-17T18:05:28+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":57551439,"identity":"cd499731-bfb3-4b15-b931-f0a718a871b0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-06-01 18:05:38","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":668279,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"YamamotoandJonesOecologiaAugust2023.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3293804/v1_covered_4b8032cd-a234-4161-9176-7c1192be185e.pdf"},{"id":43993945,"identity":"4d5092ef-ff9f-410a-aefc-af5a73a5b9da","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-10-03 03:52:42","extension":"pdf","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":431204,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"YamamotoandJonesSupplementaryFileforOecologia.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3293804/v1/55a2ff9d205e3ff9e32507d4.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Comparing long-term patterns of spread of native and invasive plants in a successional forest","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"oecologia","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"oeco","sideBox":"Learn more about [Oecologia](https://www.springer.com/journal/442)","snPcode":"442","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/442/3","title":"Oecologia","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Diversity-invasibility, Land-use history, Species richness, Colonization, Biotic resistance, Resource availability","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3293804/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3293804/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"A fundamental question in invasive plant ecology is whether invasive and native plants have different ecological roles. 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