Knowledge and attitudes among preschools staff in Shanghai, China, regarding epilepsy

Knowledge and attitudes among preschools staff in Shanghai, China, regarding epilepsy | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research article Knowledge and attitudes among preschools staff in Shanghai, China, regarding epilepsy Liyan Qiu, Lixiao Shen, Junli Wang, Fang Ren, Mingyu Xu, Fan Jiang, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-58665/v3 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 13 Oct, 2020 Read the published version in BMC Pediatrics → Version 3 posted 2 You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Abstract Background Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological problems among children. The aim of this survey was to assess the knowledge and attitude among preschool staff in Shanghai regarding epilepsy. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out among the staff at selected preschools. A stratified random sampling method was first used to identify suitable subjects. Data were obtained using a self-completed questionnaire. A standardized collection of demographic information was performed, and participants were given a questionnaire about their knowledge and attitudes regarding epilepsy. Results A total of 1069 subjects completed the questionnaire. In this survey, 387 (36.2%) staff members had previously participated in related training. Overall, the subjects lacked knowledge regarding first aid for seizures. Only 17.6% of teachers knew how to provide appropriate first aid for seizures. Correct responses regarding first aid for seizures, such as laying the person on his or her side (24.9%), moving harmful objects out of the way (20.7%), protecting the head (36.1%), waiting until the seizure ends (7.9%), and dialing the emergency number (40.1%), were low. The staff members had different attitudes towards children with epilepsy: most had a positive attitude, but some had a negative attitude. Conclusions The level of first-aid knowledge among preschool staff in Shanghai relevant to epilepsy was low. There is an urgent need to educate staff about epilepsy and appropriate first-aid practices for seizures. Keywords : Epilepsy; Preschool staff; First-aid knowledge; Attitudes; Training Pediatrics Neurology Epilepsy Preschool staff First-aid knowledge Attitudes Training Background Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological problems among children, with a worldwide prevalence of 5~10 people per 1000 people. In Europe, the prevalence of epilepsy is 3.3~7.8 people per 100 people [2]. In China, epidemiological research has shown that the prevalence of epilepsy has been 5.95–8.75 people per 1000 people since 2000 [3]. There are more than 2 million people with epilepsy in China [4]. Seizures can occur suddenly and at any time, potentially causing severe harm or even death [5]. Children in preschool are one groups affected by epilepsy, and a negative attitude towards afflicted children can lead to physical injuries, social isolation and learning difficulties [6]. As most children spend the day in schools and situations requiring first aid are often encountered there, especially in preschool, these are important locations in which to focus on the management of epilepsy in children. The response time in emergency situations is critical, but the first aid provided must be performed properly to prevent further complications and to help save lives [7]. The likelihood of a successful cessation of a seizure is 96% if rescue medication is administered during the first 15 min of the seizure. Success rates decline to 57% if rescue medication is administered with longer delay [8, 9]. Therefore, administering appropriate and timely first aid to children after a seizure is vital and can potentially save lives. In preschools, the person closest to the child and therefore the first to apply first aid is often a preschool staff member. Staff members in schools are often first-aid providers, and it is important to determine the current perceptions held by school staff concerning children’s epilepsy [10]. However, Okumura A et al. have indicated that school teachers have insufficient knowledge about epilepsy and hold negative attitudes, and such problems are too common in Japan [11]. It is vital that preschool teachers are provided with necessary knowledge about safety precautions and first aid when dealing with epilepsy [9]. Therefore, it is important to investigate preschool teachers' knowledge of epilepsy and attitudes towards children with epilepsy. However, there are few studies on the epilepsy knowledge of teachers in China, and the goal of the current survey was therefore to use questionnaires to evaluate preschool employees' knowledge of epilepsy in children and attitudes towards children with epilepsy in order to promote the preschool teachers’ knowledge and training regarding epilepsy. Methods Subjects This survey was designed as an across-sectional study from February 2020 to June 2020. The survey included employees working in preschools in Shanghai, China. Preschools in China operate on a full-day basis and thus serve as both educational and childcare institutions. There are a total of 1715 preschools in Shanghai, and these schools employ teachers, health-care providers (persons who have some medical knowledge but are generally not doctors), and directors. There are 16 districts in shanghai consisted of eight urban areas and eight suburbs. Eight districts were randomly selected including four urban areas and four suburbs. And a stratified random sampling method was used to obtain 1125 subjects. In each district or county, preschools are classified as “public”, “private”, or “other”. The number of staff members in each district selected to participate in the survey was based on the total number of staff members in the district. Within each district, the employees from each preschool category were selected according to the proportion of schools in that category within the overall district or county. A local children’s hospital undertook the stratified sampling process. The 1125 selected employees were invited to meet with local education authorities. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-filled questionnaire to assess the subjects in terms of first-aid management of epilepsy among children. The participants were not allowed to check any reference materials. All participants provided written informed consent. The institutional review board of Shanghai Xinhua Hospital approved this survey, and the research was carried out in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration. Procedures The data were collected by a questionnaire, which was divided into two sections. Section A focused on the demographic information of the participants. Section B comprised 16 simple-choice questions on knowledge about the treatment of epilepsy that came from previously published papers [12-16]. Section B included the following aspects: (1) knowledge about the cognitive and behavioral characteristics of people with epilepsy (e.g., “Most children with epilepsy can go to public schools”); (2) knowledge about the causes and symptoms of and treatments for epilepsy (e.g., “For most patients with epilepsy, seizures can be controlled with drugs”); and (3) knowledge about seizure manifestations and the management of a seizure (e.g., “When you see a person having a seizure, can you stop the seizure”) [16]. We ensured that all participants answered all questions. Data analysis All data were entered into the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for Windows (Version 19.0, Chicago, IL, U.S.) for statistical analysis. The results of the questionnaire are expressed as frequency distributions and were computed in percentages. For discrete data, the chi square (χ2) test was used for comparison. For continuous data, an analysis of variance or Student's t-test was used to compare the scores based on groups. A level of P<0.05 was considered statistically significant for all analyses. Results Demographic information A total of 1069 subjects fully completed the questionnaire. Fifty-six subjects did not complete the questionnaire. The sample included 1051 women (98.3%) and 18 men (1.7%). The average age of staff members was 40.1±8.2 years. Teachers with health-care training accounted for 18.1% of the sample, and teachers without health-care training accounted for 81.9%. Of all participants, 82.3% had a bachelor’s degree or above, while 17.7% had attended only high school or below. Three percent of the staff had in medical-related degrees, and 57.3% majored in preschool education. Of the total sample, 29.5% had less than 10 years of teaching experience, 59.4% had more than 10 years but less than 30 years of teaching experience, and 11.1% had more than 30 years of teaching experience. The demographic characteristics of the staff are listed in Table 1. Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the staff members (N=1069) Characteristics * N (%) Kindergarten category Public 847 (79.2%) Other 222 (20.8%) Staff member’s highest education level High school or below 189 (17.7%) College or above 880 (82.3%) Staff categories Had health-care training 193 (18.1%) Did not have health-care training 876 (81.9%) Teaching (years) 30 119 (11.1%) Major Medical related 33 (3.0%) Preschool education 612 (57.3%) Other 424 (39.7%) * N denotes the number of valid answers Familiarity with epilepsy Of the 1069 staff members who participated in the survey, 65.8% reported that they had heard about epilepsy, and 34.2% reported that they had never heard of epilepsy. Among the former group, only 36.2% knew about epilepsy because they had attended relevant training, 27.9% learned about it through public media and 13.9% had heard other people talking about it. In this survey, only 29.4% of the staff members had seen seizures, either in other adults or in preschool children, 18.9% of the staff had experience teaching children with epilepsy, and 17.6% of the staff had experience providing first aid during seizures, as seen in Table 2. Table 2 Familiarity with epilepsy (N=1069) Item * N (%) * N (%) Yes No Had received epilepsy-related information or training 705 (65.8%) 366 (34.2%) Source of the information Self-study 86 (8.1%) 983 (91.8%) Public media 298 (27.9%) 771 (72.1%) Doctors 71 (6.6%) 998 (93.4%) Parents of children with epilepsy 78 (7.3%) 991 (92.7%) In conversation 149 (13.9%) 920 (86.1%) Attended relevant training 387 (36.2%) 682 (63.8%) Had seen someone have a seizure previously 314 (29.4%) 755 (70.6%) Experience with teaching a child with epilepsy 202 (18.9%) 867 (81.1%) Experience with applying first-aid for seizures 188 (17.6%) 881 (82.4%) * N denotes the number of valid answers Knowledge of epilepsy None of the staff members surveyed answered all questions correctly. Regarding general knowledge about epilepsy, 17% of the staff considered epilepsy to be an infectious disease, and the difference between the answers of teachers with health-care training (12.8%) and teachers without health-care training (4.2%) was statistically significant (χ2 =5.060, p =0.029). A total of 69.3% of the staff members considered epilepsy to be a chronic brain disease and believed that it cannot be cured or controlled with medication (17% among teachers with health-care training, 52.3% among teachers without health-care training, χ2 =2.204, p =0.138). The subjects lacked knowledge regarding first aid for seizures. When seeing children having seizures, only 17.6% of teachers knew how to provide appropriate first aid (31.6% of all teachers with health-care training, 14.5% of all teachers without health-care training, χ2=31.848, p<0.001). Correct responses regarding first aid for seizures, such as laying the person on his or her side (24.9% in total; 44.0% of teachers with health-care training, 42.7% of teachers without health-care training, χ2 =45.684, p <0.001), moving harmful objects out of the way (20.7% in total; 30.6% of teachers with health-care training, 18.6% of teachers without health-care training, χ2 =13.755, p <0.001), protecting the head (36.1% in total; 48.2% of teachers with health-care training, 33.6% of teachers without health-care training, χ2 =16.646, p <0.001), waiting until the seizure ends (7.9% in total; 12.4% of teachers with health-care training, 6.8% of teachers without health-care training, χ2 =6.816, p =0.009), and dialing the emergency number (40.1% in total; 46.1% of teachers with health-care training, 39.4% of teachers without health-care training, χ2 =2.971, p =0.085) were low. There is no statistically significant difference in the level of epilepsy knowledge between urban and suburban staff. But there was a significant difference in the accuracy of first-aid knowledge between teachers with health-care training and teachers without health-care training. Most of the staff said they would apply first-aid techniques, but the techniques they selected were inappropriate, such as placing something in the person’s mouth (69% in total; 61.1% of teachers with health-care training, 70.8% of teachers without health-care training, χ2 =6.870, p= 0.009) and attempting to adjust cramped limbs (9.8% in total; 9.8% of teachers with health-care training, 8.4% of teachers without health-care training, χ2 =0.389, p= 0.533), seen in Table 3. Table 3 General and first-aid knowledge about epilepsy (N=1069) Item Teachers With healthcare training * N (%) (N=193) Other * N (%) (N=876) Total. * N (%) (N=1069) Chi-square test value p General knowledge about epilepsy Epilepsy is an infectious disease 45 (23.3%) 137 (15.6%) 182 (17%) 5.060 0.029 Epilepsy is a chronic brain disease and cannot be cured or controlled 117 (57.9%) 452 (52.1%) 569 (69.3%) 2.204 0.138 Accuracy of knowledge of first-aid for seizures Have experience applying first-aid for seizures 61 (31.6%) 127 (14.5%) 188 (17.6%) 31.848 <0.001 Correct Lay the child on his or her side 85 (44.0%) 182 (20.8%) 266 (24.9%) 45.684 <0.001 Move harmful objects out of the way 59 (30.6%) 163 (18.6%) 221 (20.7%) 13.755 <0.001 Protect the child’s head 93 (48.2%) 294 (33.6%) 386 (36.1%) 16.646 <0.001 Wait until the seizure ends 24 (12.4%) 60 (6.8%) 84 (7.9%) 6.816 0.009 Administer related medicines 8 (4.1%) 34 (3.9%) 42 (3.9%) 0.029 0.864 Dial the 120 emergency number 89 (46.1%) 345 (39.4%) 433 (40.1%) 2.971 0.085 Incorrect Pull the child’s tongue 7 (3.6%) 26 (3.0%) 33 (3.1%) 0.230 0.632 Adjust cramped limbs 19 (9.8%) 74 (8.4%) 93 (8.7%) 0.389 0.533 Put something in the child’s mouth 118 (61.1%) 620 (70.8%) 738 (69%) 6.870 0.009 * N denotes the number of valid answers Attitudes towards epilepsy The staff have different attitudes towards children with epilepsy. Most of the staff members had a positive attitude towards children with epilepsy: 70.1% believed that seizures are not dangerous for other children, 63.7% let their children play or survey with children with epilepsy, and 81.7% agreed that children with epilepsy can attend public school. However, some staff members had negative attitudes towards children with epilepsy: 70.8% of the staff members were afraid to have children with epilepsy in their classroom, 40.9% of the staff members thought that they should restrict the activities of children with epilepsy, and 48.8% of the staff members agreed that placing children with epilepsy in a dedicated classroom is advisable, as seen Table 4. Table 4 Attitude toward epilepsy (N=1069) Item N * (%) N * (%) Attitude Yes No Positive Would let their child play or study with children with epilepsy 681 (63.7%) 388 (36.3%) Most children with epilepsy can attend public school 873 (81.7%) 196 (18.3%) Seizures are not dangerous for other children 749 (70.1%) 320 (29.9%) Negative Would restrict the activities of children with epilepsy 437 (40.9%) 632 (59.1%) Afraid having children with epilepsy in their classroom 757 (70.8%) 312 (29.2%) Children with epilepsy should be placed in a dedicated classroom 522(48.8%) 547(51.2%) * N denotes the number of valid answers Discussion The purpose of this survey was to elaborate teachers' knowledge and attitudes towards epilepsy and determine whether further epilepsy knowledge and first-aid training are required. Assessing teachers’ knowledge about epilepsy is an important issue in determining their attitudes towards children with epilepsy [17]. Overall staff knowledge about epilepsy is low. Epilepsy can be controlled with medication, but only 30.7% of the staff believe that epilepsy can be cured or controlled in this way. This rate was similar to the one found in survey in Togo [18], where only 30% of caregivers recognized that epilepsy could be cured by using medicines. However, Ibinga et al. reported that 42.8% of the staff in their survey thought that epilepsy could be treated by modern or traditional medicine [15]. In this survey, 17% of the staff in this survey thought that epilepsy is an infectious disease, however, a survey in Niger, epilepsy is considered to be a contagious disease by 46.2% of respondents [19]. This misconception among school teachers has an impact on teachers’ attitudes towards children with epilepsy, negative attitudes and beliefs about epilepsy of the school teachers can lead to the expulsion of the child and even the no schooling. Besides, some children with epilepsy may be rejected from their peers for fear of being contaminated [19]. The results of this survey indicate that the overall knowledge of staff members about epilepsy is lacking, as evidenced by the low but visible frequency of incorrect responses about how to work with children with epilepsy. When they have encountered a child experiencing a seizure in the past, only 17.6% of teachers applied first aid, which may be because the teachers lack knowledge about appropriate first-aid for seizures and fear legal consequences in the case of an accident. It is more common for teachers with health-care training to take appropriate first-aid measures than it is for teachers without health-care training to do so, which may be related to the former’s richer first-aid knowledge. In this survey, only 3.9% of teachers had administered the appropriate medicines to a child who was having a seizure. This is similar to the results of an Italian survey, which showed that only 9% of teachers administer such medication to children when they are having seizures [20]. In this survey, 40.1% of the staff members would choose to call an ambulance in the event of a child having a seizure, which is in keeping with other studies; another survey found both that 45% of the teachers would call an ambulance and that they did not have sufficient knowledge of the appropriate first aid [21]. In this survey, the rate of correct answers was particularly low (under 50%) for the questions about putting something inside the person’s mouth and epilepsy being a chronic brain disease that cannot be cured or controlled. These results are in line with those of studies conducted in Hong Kong [22], the USA [23], Korea [24], and France [25]. This survey determined that 69% of the staff would choose to put an object in the mouth of the child to prevent him or her from biting his or her tongue. The staff seemed to be unaware of the danger of putting an object between the teeth of a seizing child [15], and the rate was similar to that of a survey conducted in Germany [10]. In this survey, we compared the proportion of teachers with health-care training and teachers without health-care training who implemented the correct first-aid procedures during a seizure, and we found that it is more common for teachers with health-care training to implement the right measures, such as laying children on their side, than for other teachers to do so. This may be related to the teachers’ professional training regarding health-care. Dumeier et al. demonstrated that education may be useful in improving those issues, and the rate of teachers in their survey who would place something solid in a seizing child's mouth decreased from 13% to 7% after a 40-minute training session [26]. A significant difference was recorded in the school staff before and after the training in terms of availability to administer rescue drugs (52% before training versus 90% after the training) [27].This shows that training on epilepsy knowledge is very useful. In some countries, including Italy [28], Nigeria [29], and Germany [26, 30], teachers have been trained on how to handle epileptic episodes, and the results have indicate that carrying out epilepsy knowledge training has a great effect on improving the appropriateness of teachers' first-aid measures for seizures and their attitudes towards children with epilepsy. In this survey, most of the staff members’ attitudes towards children with epilepsy were positive: 63.7% of the staff members allowed their children to survey and play with children with epilepsy, 70.1% of the staff members believed that seizures are not dangerous for other children, and 81.7% of the staff members agreed that most children with epilepsy can attend public school. These findings are similar to another survey that found that the attitudes of teachers towards the enrollment of children with epilepsy in regular schools were positive [15]. However, some staff members’ attitudes towards children with epilepsy were negative: 55.4% of teachers were afraid to have children with epilepsy in the classroom, and they wanted other students to come into the classroom only after the children with epilepsy were controlled or cured. Narita et al. reported that 43% of teachers reacted negatively to the possibility of “having epileptic children in their class” because the teachers fear that such children may have seizures in their classroom, and the teachers will not know what to do [21]. A total of 60.9% of staff members in this survey thought that it is necessary to restrict the activity of children with epilepsy. Another survey indicated that attitudes towards the participation of children with epilepsy in physical activities are particularly negative, as such children have often been advised against participating in sports and exercise out of fear, over protection, and ignorance [28]. Having a better attitude towards epilepsy may be related to exposure, as staff who had acquaintances who had experienced seizures were most likely to demonstrate a positive attitude towards individuals with epilepsy [21]. A survey in Moroccan showed that a better knowledge of the disease leads to positive attitudes toward children with epilepsy. There was also an improvement in the knowledge and attitude score among a large population of teachers with relatives/family members with epilepsy [31]. Teachers who had previously taught children with epilepsy tended to have more positive attitudes in this regard, letting them, for example, play with their own children. Staff members who had previously participated in related training also showed positive attitudes and, for example, let the children with epilepsy participate in activities. Teachers with health-care training are more likely to have a positive attitude and give appropriate first aid to children with seizures. In another survey of Koreans, Dumeier indicated that teachers who had appropriate knowledge about and familiarity with epilepsy showed more positive attitudes [32]. Teachers with health-care training are more receptive to having children with epilepsy in their classrooms. This survey showed that most teachers’ attitudes towards children with epilepsy were positive, but increasing their actual first-aid knowledge and skills regarding epilepsy remains necessary. This survey results clearly demonstrate that there are grave deficiencies among preschool staff in Shanghai in terms of knowledge about and first aid skills related to children with epilepsy. The level of first-aid knowledge among such staff was low, and more effort should be made to increase epilepsy training for preschool staff members. The lack of formal and effective training in teacher preparation programs coupled with a lack of continuing education requirements is one possible explanation for these results [33]. Carrying out epilepsy knowledge training with preschool staff can improve their level of first aid knowledge regarding epilepsy and improve their attitudes towards children with epilepsy [26, 28-30]. Certainly, a good knowledge of epilepsy by school staff increases the children's safety in the management of seizures [27]. There is an urgent need for effective measures to educate staff on epilepsy and give them training in relevant first-aid practices. During the period of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is suggested that the educational institutions should invite professional neuropediatricians to train the teachers and healthcare teachers on epilepsy knowledge online, so that the teachers in the kindergartens can master relevant epilepsy knowledge. Or it is suggested that kindergartens should invite neuropediatricians to record videos of epilepsy knowledge and distribute them to the teachers for watching and learning. This survey has several limitations. First, the investigation of 1069 staff members in Shanghai is not representative of other parts of China because there are socioeconomic disparities between China's western and eastern provinces. Second, we investigated the level of knowledge among staff members by a written, self-report questionnaire, and thus no practical skills could be tested in this setting and the answers were most likely subjective. Last, this local cross-sectional survey cannot be generalized to other countries. Conclusion In this survey, some teachers had misunderstandings about epilepsy, and most of them lacked relevant first-aid knowledge. The level of epilepsy first-aid knowledge among preschool staff in Shanghai was low. Thus, it is necessary to carry out training with preschools staff on knowledge about epilepsy and relevant first-aid practices. Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate The Institutional Review Board and the Committee on Research Involving Human Subjects of Xinhua Hospital, which is affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, approved the survey (reference number: XHEC-C-2019-114), and the research was carried out in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration. All participants provided written consent prior to participating in the survey. Consent for publication Not applicable Availability of data and materials The datasets used and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Competing interests The authors have no conflicts of interest. Funding This survey was funded by the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning (201640297) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81703249), Biostime Nutrition and Care of Maternal & Child Research Funding Program (No.2017BINCMCF12). The funders had no role in the survey design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Authors' contributions FL conceptualized and designed the study, contributed to analysis, interpretation of data and approved the final manuscript as submitted. LYQ contributed to analyze the data, drafted the manuscript, reviewed and revised the manuscript, and approved the final manuscript as submitted. LXS and JLW designed the questionnaire. FR, MYX and FJ contributed to acquisition of data. XYS and FeiLi were responsible for administrative, technical and material support. The authors revised the manuscript critically for important intellectual contents and approved the final manuscript as submitted. Acknowledgments We would especially like to thank Professor Liming Ao for supervising this work. We would also like to thank all the participants of the survey. We appreciate the assistance given by the Shanghai Local Education Authority. 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Janati Idrissi A, Lamkaddem A, Boujraf S, Souirti Z: Awareness and attitudes toward persons with epilepsy among teachers: A Moroccan study . Epilepsy Behav 2020, 102 :106633. Yoo JK, Jung KY, Park KW, Lee DH, Lee SK, Lee IK, Cho YW, Kim MK: Familiarity with, understanding of, and attitudes toward epilepsy among people with epilepsy and healthy controls in South Korea . Epilepsy Behav 2009, 16 (2):260-267. Li F, Jiang F, Jin X, Qiu Y, Shen X: Pediatric first aid knowledge and attitudes among staff in the preschools of Shanghai, China . BMC pediatrics 2012, 12 :121. Supplementary Files analyzeddata.doc STROBE.docx Questionnaire.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 13 Oct, 2020 Read the published version in BMC Pediatrics → Version 3 posted Submission checks completed at journal 07 Oct, 2020 Editorial decision: Accept 06 Oct, 2020 You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. 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21:55:49","extension":"docx","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":21778,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"STROBE.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-58665/v3/56b700ac4b3edc6a54e1667f.docx"},{"id":3012088,"identity":"9d2e4d8b-5faa-4a56-bf0b-c697f1763771","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-10-15 21:55:49","extension":"docx","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":17601,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Questionnaire.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-58665/v3/3a426bfd86ad2e9b3bb7c03a.docx"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Knowledge and attitudes among preschools staff in Shanghai, China, regarding epilepsy","fulltext":[{"header":"Background","content":"\u003cp\u003eEpilepsy is one of the most common neurological problems among children, with a worldwide prevalence of 5~10 people per 1000 people. In Europe, the prevalence of epilepsy is 3.3~7.8 people per 100 people [2]. In China, epidemiological research has shown that the prevalence of epilepsy has been 5.95\u0026ndash;8.75 people per 1000 people since 2000 [3]. There are more than 2 million people with epilepsy in China [4]. Seizures can occur suddenly and at any time, potentially causing severe harm or even death [5]. Children in preschool are one groups affected by epilepsy, and a negative attitude towards afflicted children can lead to physical injuries, social isolation and learning difficulties [6]. As most children spend the day in schools and situations requiring first aid are often encountered there, especially in preschool, these are important locations in which to focus on the management of epilepsy in children. The response time in emergency situations is critical, but the first aid provided must be performed properly to prevent further complications and to help save lives [7]. The likelihood of a successful cessation of a seizure is 96% if rescue medication is administered during the first 15 min of the seizure. Success rates decline to 57% if rescue medication is administered with longer delay [8, 9]. Therefore, administering appropriate and timely first aid to children after a seizure is vital and can potentially save lives.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn preschools, the person closest to the child and therefore the first to apply first aid is often a preschool staff member. Staff members in schools are often first-aid providers, and it is important to determine the current perceptions held by school staff concerning children\u0026rsquo;s epilepsy [10]. However, Okumura A et al. have indicated that school teachers have insufficient knowledge about epilepsy and hold negative attitudes, and such problems are too common in Japan [11]. It is vital that preschool teachers are provided with necessary knowledge about safety precautions and first aid when dealing with epilepsy [9]. Therefore, it is important to investigate preschool teachers' knowledge of epilepsy and attitudes towards children with epilepsy. However, there are few studies on the epilepsy knowledge of teachers in China, and the goal of the current survey was therefore to use questionnaires to evaluate preschool employees' knowledge of epilepsy in children and attitudes towards children with epilepsy in order to promote the preschool teachers\u0026rsquo; knowledge and training regarding epilepsy.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSubjects\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis survey was designed as an across-sectional study from February 2020 to June 2020. The survey included employees working in preschools in Shanghai, China. Preschools in China operate on a full-day basis and thus serve as both educational and childcare institutions. There are a total of 1715 preschools in Shanghai, and these schools employ teachers, health-care providers (persons who have some medical knowledge but are generally not doctors), and directors. There are 16 districts in shanghai consisted of eight urban areas and eight suburbs. Eight districts were randomly selected including four urban areas and four suburbs. And a stratified random sampling method was used to obtain 1125 subjects. In each district or county, preschools are classified as \u0026ldquo;public\u0026rdquo;, \u0026ldquo;private\u0026rdquo;, or \u0026ldquo;other\u0026rdquo;. The number of staff members in each district selected to participate in the survey was based on the total number of staff members in the district. Within each district, the employees from each preschool category were selected according to the proportion of schools in that category within the overall district or county. A local children\u0026rsquo;s hospital undertook the stratified sampling process. The 1125 selected employees were invited to meet with local education authorities. A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-filled questionnaire to assess the subjects in terms of first-aid management of epilepsy among children. The participants were not allowed to check any reference materials. All participants provided written informed consent. The institutional review board of Shanghai Xinhua Hospital approved this survey, and the research was carried out in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eProcedures\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data were collected by a questionnaire, which was divided into two sections. Section A focused on the demographic information of the participants. Section B comprised 16 simple-choice questions on knowledge about the treatment of epilepsy that came from previously published papers [12-16]. Section B included the following aspects: (1) knowledge about the cognitive and behavioral characteristics of people with epilepsy (e.g., \u0026ldquo;Most children with epilepsy can go to public schools\u0026rdquo;); (2) knowledge about the causes and symptoms of and treatments for epilepsy (e.g., \u0026ldquo;For most patients with epilepsy, seizures can be controlled with drugs\u0026rdquo;); and (3) knowledge about seizure manifestations and the management of a seizure (e.g., \u0026ldquo;When you see a person having a seizure, can you stop the seizure\u0026rdquo;) [16]. We ensured that all participants answered all questions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData analysis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll data were entered into the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences for Windows (Version 19.0, Chicago, IL, U.S.) for statistical analysis. The results of the questionnaire are expressed as frequency distributions and were computed in percentages. For discrete data, the chi square (\u0026chi;2) test was used for comparison. For continuous data, an analysis of variance or Student's t-test was used to compare the scores based on groups. A level of P\u0026lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant for all analyses.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDemographic information\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA total of 1069 subjects fully completed the questionnaire. Fifty-six subjects did not complete the questionnaire. The sample included 1051 women (98.3%) and 18 men (1.7%). The average age of staff members was 40.1\u0026plusmn;8.2 years. Teachers with health-care training accounted for 18.1% of the sample, and teachers without health-care training accounted for 81.9%. Of all participants, 82.3% had a bachelor\u0026rsquo;s degree or above, while 17.7% had attended only high school or below. Three percent of the staff had in medical-related degrees, and 57.3% majored in preschool education. Of the total sample, 29.5% had less than 10 years of teaching experience, 59.4% had more than 10 years but less than 30 years of teaching experience, and 11.1% had more than 30 years of teaching experience. The demographic characteristics of the staff are listed in Table\u0026nbsp;1.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eTable 1 Demographic characteristics of the staff members (N=1069)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\" style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\n \u003ctable style=\"width:422.85pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 332.65pt;border-top: 1.5pt solid black;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eCharacteristics\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90.2pt;border-top: 1.5pt solid black;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003csup\u003e*\u003c/sup\u003eN (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 332.65pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp 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style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e222 (20.8%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 332.65pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eStaff member\u0026rsquo;s highest education level\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90.2pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: 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15.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eCollege or above\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90.2pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e880 (82.3%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 332.65pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eStaff categories\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90.2pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 332.65pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eHad health-care training\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90.2pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e193 (18.1%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 332.65pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eDid not have health-care training\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90.2pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e876 (81.9%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 332.65pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eTeaching (years)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90.2pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 332.65pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026lt;10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90.2pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e315 (29.5%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 332.65pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e10-30\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90.2pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e635 (59.4%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 332.65pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026gt;30\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90.2pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e119 (11.1%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 332.65pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eMajor\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90.2pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 332.65pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eMedical related\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90.2pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e33 (3.0%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 332.65pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003ePreschool education\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90.2pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e612 (57.3%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 332.65pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 27.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Other\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90.2pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 27.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e424 (39.7%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e*\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eN denotes the number of valid answers\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFamiliarity with epilepsy\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOf the 1069 staff members who participated in the survey, 65.8% reported that they had heard about epilepsy, and 34.2% reported that they had never heard of epilepsy. Among the former group, only 36.2% knew about epilepsy because they had attended relevant training, 27.9% learned about it through public media and 13.9% had heard other people talking about it. In this survey, only 29.4% of the staff members had seen seizures, either in other adults or in preschool children, 18.9% of the staff had experience teaching children with epilepsy, and 17.6% of the staff had experience providing first aid during seizures, as seen in Table 2.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eTable 2 Familiarity with epilepsy (N=1069)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\" style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\n \u003ctable style=\"border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:271.3pt;border-top:solid black 1.5pt;border-left: none;border-bottom:solid green 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:15.8pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Item\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62.7pt;border-top: 1.5pt solid black;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid green;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.8pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e*\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eN (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 86.2pt;border-top: 1.5pt solid black;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid green;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15.8pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e*\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eN (%)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:271.3pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:3.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62.7pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 3.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eYes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 86.2pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 3.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eNo\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:271.3pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:3.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eHad received epilepsy-related\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003einformation or training\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62.7pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 3.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e705\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(65.8%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 86.2pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 3.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e366\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(34.2%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:271.3pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:3.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eSource of the information\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62.7pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 3.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 86.2pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 3.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:271.3pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:3.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eSelf-study\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62.7pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 3.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e86\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(8.1%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 86.2pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 3.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e983\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(91.8%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:271.3pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:3.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003ePublic media\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62.7pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 3.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e298\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(27.9%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 86.2pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 3.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e771\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;(72.1%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:271.3pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:3.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eDoctors\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62.7pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 3.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e71\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(6.6%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 86.2pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 3.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e998\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(93.4%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:271.3pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:3.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eParents of children with epilepsy\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62.7pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 3.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e78\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(7.3%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 86.2pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 3.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e991\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(92.7%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:271.3pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:3.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eIn conversation\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62.7pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 3.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e149\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(13.9%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 86.2pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 3.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e920\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(86.1%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:271.3pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:3.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eAttended relevant training\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62.7pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 3.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e387\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(36.2%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 86.2pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 3.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e682\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(63.8%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:271.3pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:3.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eHad seen someone have a seizure previously\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62.7pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 3.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e314\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(29.4%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 86.2pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 3.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e755\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(70.6%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:271.3pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:3.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eExperience with teaching a child with epilepsy\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62.7pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 3.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e202\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(18.9%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 86.2pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 3.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e867\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(81.1%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:271.3pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid black 1.5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:3.1pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eExperience with applying first-aid for seizures\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62.7pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 3.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e188\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(17.6%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 86.2pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 3.1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e881\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(82.4%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e*\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eN denotes the number of valid answers\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKnowledge \u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eof epilepsy\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNone of the staff members surveyed answered all questions correctly. Regarding general knowledge about epilepsy, 17% of the staff considered epilepsy to be an infectious disease, and the difference between the answers of teachers with health-care training (12.8%) and teachers without health-care training (4.2%) was statistically significant (\u0026chi;2 =5.060, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e=0.029). A total of 69.3% of the staff members considered epilepsy to be a chronic brain disease and believed that it cannot be cured or controlled with medication (17% among teachers with health-care training, 52.3% among teachers without health-care training, \u0026chi;2 =2.204, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e=0.138).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe subjects lacked knowledge regarding first aid for seizures. When seeing children having seizures, only 17.6% of teachers knew how to provide appropriate first aid (31.6% of all teachers with health-care training, 14.5% of all teachers without health-care training, \u0026chi;2=31.848, p\u0026lt;0.001). Correct responses regarding first aid for seizures, such as laying the person on his or her side (24.9% in total; 44.0% of teachers with health-care training, 42.7% of teachers without health-care training, \u0026chi;2 =45.684, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;0.001), moving harmful objects out of the way (20.7% in total; 30.6% of teachers with health-care training, 18.6% of teachers without health-care training, \u0026chi;2 =13.755, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;0.001), protecting the head (36.1% in total; 48.2% of teachers with health-care training, 33.6% of teachers without health-care training, \u0026chi;2 =16.646, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026lt;0.001), waiting until the seizure ends (7.9% in total; 12.4% of teachers with health-care training, 6.8% of teachers without health-care training, \u0026chi;2 =6.816, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e=0.009), and dialing the emergency number (40.1% in total; 46.1% of teachers with health-care training, 39.4% of teachers without health-care training, \u0026chi;2 =2.971, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e=0.085) were low. There is no statistically significant difference in the level of epilepsy knowledge between urban and suburban staff. But there was a significant difference in the accuracy of first-aid knowledge between teachers with health-care training and teachers without health-care training. Most of the staff said they would apply first-aid techniques, but the techniques they selected were inappropriate, such as placing something in the person\u0026rsquo;s mouth (69% in total; 61.1% of teachers with health-care training, 70.8% of teachers without health-care training, \u0026chi;2 =6.870, \u003cem\u003ep=\u003c/em\u003e0.009) and attempting to adjust cramped limbs (9.8% in total; 9.8% of teachers with health-care training, 8.4% of teachers without health-care training, \u0026chi;2 =0.389, \u003cem\u003ep=\u003c/em\u003e0.533), seen in Table 3.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eTable 3 General and first-aid knowledge about epilepsy (N=1069)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\" style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\n \u003ctable style=\"width:499.25pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 206.5pt;border-top: 1.5pt solid black;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 34.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eItem\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border-top: 1.5pt solid black;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 34.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eTeachers\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eWith\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003ehealthcare\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003etraining\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e*\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eN (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(N=193)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border-top: 1.5pt solid black;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 34.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eOther\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e*\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eN (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(N=876)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border-top: 1.5pt solid black;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 34.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eTotal.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e*\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eN (%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(N=1069)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border-top: 1.5pt solid black;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 34.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eChi-square\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003etest value\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border-top: 1.5pt solid black;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 34.4pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003ep\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 206.5pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eGeneral knowledge about epilepsy\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 206.5pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 48.75pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eEpilepsy is an infectious disease\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 48.75pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(23.3%)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 48.75pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e137\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(15.6%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 48.75pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e182\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(17%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 48.75pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e5.060\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 48.75pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e0.029\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:206.5pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:48.75pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eEpilepsy is a chronic brain disease and\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003ecannot be cured or controlled\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 48.75pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e117\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(57.9%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 48.75pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e452\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(52.1%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 48.75pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e569\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(69.3%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 48.75pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e2.204\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 48.75pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e0.138\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 206.5pt;border: none;background: white;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 36.45pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003eAccuracy of knowledge of first-aid for\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;color:black;'\u003eseizures\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;background: white;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 36.45pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;background: white;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 36.45pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;background: white;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 36.45pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;background: white;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 36.45pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;background: white;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 36.45pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 206.5pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 36.45pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eHave experience applying first-aid for\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eseizures\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 36.45pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e61\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(31.6%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 36.45pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e127\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(14.5%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 36.45pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e188\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(17.6%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 36.45pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e31.848\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 36.45pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 206.5pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 36.45pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eCorrect\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 36.45pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 36.45pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 36.45pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 36.45pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 36.45pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 206.5pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 36.45pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eLay the child on his or her side\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 36.45pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e85\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(44.0%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 36.45pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e182\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(20.8%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 36.45pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e266\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(24.9%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 36.45pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e45.684\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 36.45pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 206.5pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eMove harmful objects out of the way\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e59\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(30.6%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e163\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(18.6%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e221\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(20.7%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e13.755\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 206.5pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eProtect the child\u0026rsquo;s head\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e93\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(48.2%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e294\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(33.6%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e386\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(36.1%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e16.646\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 206.5pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eWait until the seizure ends\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e24\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(12.4%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e60\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(6.8%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e84\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(7.9%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e6.816\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e0.009\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 206.5pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eAdminister related medicines\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e8\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(4.1%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(3.9%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e42\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(3.9%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e0.029\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e0.864\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 206.5pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eDial the 120 emergency number\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e89\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(46.1%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e345\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(39.4%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e433\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(40.1%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;2.971\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 1pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e0.085\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 206.5pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eIncorrect\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 206.5pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003ePull the child\u0026rsquo;s tongue\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e7\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(3.6%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e26\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(3.0%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e33\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(3.1%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e0.230\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e0.632\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 206.5pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eAdjust cramped limbs\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e19\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(9.8%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e74\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(8.4%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e93\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(8.7%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e0.389\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e0.533\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 206.5pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 28.65pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003ePut something in the child\u0026rsquo;s mouth\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 28.65pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e118\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(61.1%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 28.65pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e620\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(70.8%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 28.65pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e738\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e(69%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 28.65pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e6.870\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.55pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 28.65pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;margin-left:.5in;text-indent:-.5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e0.009\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e*\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eN denotes the number of valid answers\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAttitudes towards epilepsy\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe staff have different attitudes towards children with epilepsy. Most of the staff members had a positive attitude towards children with epilepsy: 70.1% believed that seizures are not dangerous for other children, 63.7% let their children play or survey with children with epilepsy, and 81.7% agreed that children with epilepsy can attend public school. However, some staff members had negative attitudes towards children with epilepsy: 70.8% of the staff members were afraid to have children with epilepsy in their classroom, 40.9% of the staff members thought that they should restrict the activities of children with epilepsy, and 48.8% of the staff members agreed that placing children with epilepsy in a dedicated classroom is advisable, as seen Table 4.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eTable 4 Attitude toward epilepsy (N=1069)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\" style='margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:14px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\n \u003ctable style=\"width: 4.4e+2pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 244.3pt;border-top: 1.5pt solid black;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 67.9pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eItem\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt;border-top: 1.5pt solid black;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 67.9pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eN\u003c/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e*\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;(%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106.75pt;border-top: 1.5pt solid black;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid black;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 67.9pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eN\u003c/span\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e*\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;(%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 244.3pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 5.9pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eAttitude\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 5.9pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eYes\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106.75pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 5.9pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eNo\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 244.3pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 1.95pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003ePositive\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 1.95pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106.75pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 1.95pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 244.3pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 1.95pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eWould let their child play or study with children with epilepsy\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 1.95pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e681 (63.7%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106.75pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 1.95pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e388 (36.3%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 244.3pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 1.95pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eMost children with epilepsy can attend public school\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 1.95pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e873 (81.7%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106.75pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 1.95pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e196 (18.3%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:244.3pt;border:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:1.95pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eSeizures are not dangerous for other children\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 1.95pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e749 (70.1%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106.75pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 1.95pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e320 (29.9%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 244.3pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 1.95pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family: \"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eNegative\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 1.95pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106.75pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 1.95pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 244.3pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 1.95pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eWould restrict the activities of children with epilepsy\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 1.95pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e437 (40.9%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106.75pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 1.95pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e632 (59.1%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 244.3pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 1.95pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eAfraid having children with epilepsy in their classroom\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 1.95pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e757 (70.8%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106.75pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 1.95pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e312 (29.2%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 244.3pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 1.95pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eChildren with epilepsy should be placed in a dedicated classroom\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85.05pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 1.95pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e522(48.8%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106.75pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1.5pt solid black;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 1.95pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e547(51.2%)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;\"\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e*\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003eN denotes the number of valid answers\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"margin:0in;text-align:justify;font-size:13px;font-family:DengXian;\"\u003e\u003cspan style='font-size:15px;font-family:\"Calibri\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe purpose of this survey was to elaborate teachers' knowledge and attitudes towards epilepsy and determine whether further epilepsy knowledge and first-aid training are required. Assessing teachers\u0026rsquo; knowledge about epilepsy is an important issue in determining their attitudes towards children with epilepsy [17].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOverall staff knowledge about epilepsy is low. Epilepsy can be controlled with medication, but only 30.7% of the staff believe that epilepsy can be cured or controlled in this way. This rate was similar to the one found in survey in Togo [18], where only 30% of caregivers recognized that epilepsy could be cured by using medicines. However, Ibinga et al. reported that 42.8% of the staff in their survey thought that epilepsy could be treated by modern or traditional medicine [15]. In this survey, 17% of the staff in this survey thought that epilepsy is an infectious disease, however, a survey in Niger, epilepsy is considered to be a contagious disease by 46.2% of respondents [19]. This misconception among school teachers has an impact on teachers\u0026rsquo; attitudes towards children with epilepsy, negative attitudes and beliefs about epilepsy of the school teachers can lead to the expulsion of the child and even the no schooling. Besides, some children with epilepsy may be rejected from their peers for fear of being contaminated [19]. The results of this survey indicate that the overall knowledge of staff members about epilepsy is lacking, as evidenced by the low but visible frequency of incorrect responses about how to work with children with epilepsy. When they have encountered a child experiencing a seizure in the past, only 17.6% of teachers applied first aid, which may be because the teachers lack knowledge about appropriate first-aid for seizures and fear legal consequences in the case of an accident. It is more common for teachers with health-care training to take appropriate first-aid measures than it is for teachers without health-care training to do so, which may be related to the former\u0026rsquo;s richer first-aid knowledge. In this survey, only 3.9% of teachers had administered the appropriate medicines to a child who was having a seizure. This is similar to the results of an Italian survey, which showed that only 9% of teachers administer such medication to children when they are having seizures [20]. In this survey, 40.1% of the staff members would choose to call an ambulance in the event of a child having a seizure, which is in keeping with other studies; another survey found both that 45% of the teachers would call an ambulance and that they did not have sufficient knowledge of the appropriate first aid [21]. In this survey, the rate of correct answers was particularly low (under 50%) for the questions about putting something inside the person\u0026rsquo;s mouth and epilepsy being a chronic brain disease that cannot be cured or controlled. These results are in line with those of studies conducted in Hong Kong [22], the USA [23], Korea [24], and France [25]. This survey determined that 69% of the staff would choose to put an object in the mouth of the child to prevent him or her from biting his or her tongue. The staff seemed to be unaware of the danger of putting an object between the teeth of a seizing child [15], and the rate was similar to that of a survey conducted in Germany [10]. In this survey, we compared the proportion of teachers with health-care training and teachers without health-care training who implemented the correct first-aid procedures during a seizure, and we found that it is more common for teachers with health-care training to implement the right measures, such as laying children on their side, than for other teachers to do so. This may be related to the teachers\u0026rsquo; professional training regarding health-care. Dumeier et al. demonstrated that education may be useful in improving those issues, and the rate of teachers in their survey who would place something solid in a seizing child's mouth decreased from 13% to 7% after a 40-minute training session [26]. A significant difference was recorded in the school staff before and after the training in terms of availability to administer rescue drugs (52% before training versus 90% after the training) [27].This shows that training on epilepsy knowledge is very useful. In some countries, including Italy [28], Nigeria [29], and Germany [26, 30], teachers have been trained on how to handle epileptic episodes, and the results have indicate that carrying out epilepsy knowledge training has a great effect on improving the appropriateness of teachers' first-aid measures for seizures and their attitudes towards children with epilepsy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this survey, most of the staff members\u0026rsquo; attitudes towards children with epilepsy were positive: 63.7% of the staff members allowed their children to survey and play with children with epilepsy, 70.1% of the staff members believed that seizures are not dangerous for other children, and 81.7% of the staff members agreed that most children with epilepsy can attend public school. These findings are similar to another survey that found that the attitudes of teachers towards the enrollment of children with epilepsy in regular schools were positive [15]. However, some staff members\u0026rsquo; attitudes towards children with epilepsy were negative: 55.4% of teachers were afraid to have children with epilepsy in the classroom, and they wanted other students to come into the classroom only after the children with epilepsy were controlled or cured. Narita et al. reported that 43% of teachers reacted negatively to the possibility of \u0026ldquo;having epileptic children in their class\u0026rdquo; because the teachers fear that such children may have seizures in their classroom, and the teachers will not know what to do [21]. A total of 60.9% of staff members in this survey thought that it is necessary to restrict the activity of children with epilepsy. Another survey indicated that attitudes towards the participation of children with epilepsy in physical activities are particularly negative, as such children have often been advised against participating in sports and exercise out of fear, over protection, and ignorance [28]. Having a better attitude towards epilepsy may be related to exposure, as staff who had acquaintances who had experienced seizures were most likely to demonstrate a positive attitude towards individuals with epilepsy [21]. A survey in Moroccan showed that a better knowledge of the disease leads to positive attitudes toward children with epilepsy. There was also an improvement in the knowledge and attitude score among a large population of teachers with relatives/family members with epilepsy [31]. Teachers who had previously taught children with epilepsy tended to have more positive attitudes in this regard, letting them, for example, play with their own children. Staff members who had previously participated in related training also showed positive attitudes and, for example, let the children with epilepsy participate in activities. Teachers with health-care training are more likely to have a positive attitude and give appropriate first aid to children with seizures. In another survey of Koreans, Dumeier indicated that teachers who had appropriate knowledge about and familiarity with epilepsy showed more positive attitudes [32]. Teachers with health-care training are more receptive to having children with epilepsy in their classrooms. This survey showed that most teachers\u0026rsquo; attitudes towards children with epilepsy were positive, but increasing their actual first-aid knowledge and skills regarding epilepsy remains necessary.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis survey results clearly demonstrate that there are grave deficiencies among preschool staff in Shanghai in terms of knowledge about and first aid skills related to children with epilepsy. The level of first-aid knowledge among such staff was low, and more effort should be made to increase epilepsy training for preschool staff members. The lack of formal and effective training in teacher preparation programs coupled with a lack of continuing education requirements is one possible explanation for these results [33]. Carrying out epilepsy knowledge training with preschool staff can improve their level of first aid knowledge regarding epilepsy and improve their attitudes towards children with epilepsy [26, 28-30]. Certainly, a good knowledge of epilepsy by school staff increases the children's safety in the management of seizures [27]. There is an urgent need for effective measures to educate staff on epilepsy and give them training in relevant first-aid practices. During the period of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is suggested that the educational institutions should invite professional neuropediatricians to train the teachers and healthcare teachers on epilepsy knowledge online, so that the teachers in the kindergartens can master relevant epilepsy knowledge. Or it is suggested that kindergartens should invite neuropediatricians to record videos of epilepsy knowledge and distribute them to the teachers for watching and learning.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis survey has several limitations. First, the investigation of 1069 staff members in Shanghai is not representative of other parts of China because there are socioeconomic disparities between China's western and eastern provinces. Second, we investigated the level of knowledge among staff members by a written, self-report questionnaire, and thus no practical skills could be tested in this setting and the answers were most likely subjective. Last, this local cross-sectional survey cannot be generalized to other countries.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn this survey, some teachers had misunderstandings about epilepsy, and most of them lacked relevant first-aid knowledge. The level of epilepsy first-aid knowledge among preschool staff in Shanghai was low. Thus, it is necessary to carry out training with preschools staff on knowledge about epilepsy and relevant first-aid practices.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Institutional Review Board and the Committee on Research Involving Human Subjects of Xinhua Hospital, which is affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, approved the survey (reference number: XHEC-C-2019-114), and the research was carried out in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration. All participants provided written consent prior to participating in the survey.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe datasets used and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors have no conflicts of interest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis survey was funded by the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning (201640297) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81703249), Biostime Nutrition and Care of Maternal \u0026amp; Child Research Funding Program (No.2017BINCMCF12). The funders had no role in the survey design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors' contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFL conceptualized and designed the study, contributed to analysis, interpretation of data and approved the final manuscript as submitted. LYQ contributed to analyze the data, drafted the manuscript, reviewed and revised the manuscript, and approved the final manuscript as submitted. LXS and JLW designed the questionnaire. FR, MYX and FJ contributed to acquisition of data. XYS and FeiLi were responsible for administrative, technical and material support. The authors revised the manuscript critically for important intellectual contents and approved the final manuscript as submitted.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe would especially like to thank Professor Liming Ao for supervising this work. We would also like to thank all the participants of the survey. We appreciate the assistance given by the Shanghai Local Education Authority. We are indebted to the many people whose contributions make such ongoing studies possible.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMendizabal JE, Salguero LF: \u003cstrong\u003ePrevalence of epilepsy in a rural community of Guatemala\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eEpilepsia \u003c/em\u003e1996, \u003cstrong\u003e37\u003c/strong\u003e(4):373-376.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBehr C, Goltzene MA, Kosmalski G, Hirsch E, Ryvlin P: \u003cstrong\u003eEpidemiology of epilepsy\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eRev Neurol (Paris) \u003c/em\u003e2016, \u003cstrong\u003e172\u003c/strong\u003e(1):27-36.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGu L, Liang B, Chen Q, Long J, Xie J, Wu G, Yan Y, Tan J, Dou W, Chen W\u003cem\u003e et al\u003c/em\u003e: \u003cstrong\u003ePrevalence of epilepsy in the People's Republic of China: a systematic review\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eEpilepsy Res \u003c/em\u003e2013, \u003cstrong\u003e105\u003c/strong\u003e(1-2):195-205.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYan G YP, Ding D, Wang P, Shi Y, Zhao T, et al.: \u003cstrong\u003eEtiologic features and utilization of antiepileptic drugs in people with chronic epilepsy in China: report from the Epilepsy Cohort of Huashan Hospital (ECoH).\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cem\u003eEpilepsy Res\u003c/em\u003e 2015;116:99\u0026ndash;104.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eChin RF, Neville BG, Peckham C, Bedford H, Wade A, Scott RC: \u003cstrong\u003eIncidence, cause, and short-term outcome of convulsive status epilepticus in childhood: prospective population-based study\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eLancet (London, England) \u003c/em\u003e2006, \u003cstrong\u003e368\u003c/strong\u003e(9531):222-229.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eElhassan MA, Alemairy AA, Amara ZM, Hamadelneel AA, Mohamed AH, Elaimeri AA: \u003cstrong\u003eEpilepsy: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Among Secondary School Teachers in Khartoum State\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eNeurol Ther \u003c/em\u003e2017, \u003cstrong\u003e6\u003c/strong\u003e(2):225-235.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEngeland A, Roysamb E, Smedslund G, Sogaard AJ: \u003cstrong\u003eEffects of first-aid training in junior high schools\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eInj Control Saf Promot \u003c/em\u003e2002, \u003cstrong\u003e9\u003c/strong\u003e(2):99-106.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKnudsen FU: \u003cstrong\u003eRectal administration of diazepam in solution in the acute treatment of convulsions in infants and children\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eArch Dis Child \u003c/em\u003e1979, \u003cstrong\u003e54\u003c/strong\u003e(11):855-857.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSanchez Fernandez I, Abend NS, Agadi S, An S, Arya R, Carpenter JL, Chapman KE, Gaillard WD, Glauser TA, Goldstein DB\u003cem\u003e et al\u003c/em\u003e: \u003cstrong\u003eGaps and opportunities in refractory status epilepticus research in children: a multi-center approach by the Pediatric Status Epilepticus Research Group (pSERG)\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eSeizure \u003c/em\u003e2014, \u003cstrong\u003e23\u003c/strong\u003e(2):87-97.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDumeier HK, Neininger MP, Bernhard MK, Syrbe S, Merkenschlager A, Zabel J, Kiess W, Bertsche T, Bertsche A: \u003cstrong\u003eKnowledge and attitudes of school teachers, preschool teachers and students in teacher training about epilepsy and emergency management of seizures\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eArch Dis Child \u003c/em\u003e2015, \u003cstrong\u003e100\u003c/strong\u003e(9):851-855.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOkumura A, Saitoh S, Natsume J, Yamamoto H, Kurahashi H, Numoto S: \u003cstrong\u003eAttitudes of school teachers toward epilepsy in Nagoya, Japan\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eEpilepsy Behav \u003c/em\u003e2019:106359.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMecarelli O, Messina P, Capovilla G, Michelucci R, Romeo A, Beghi E: \u003cstrong\u003eAn educational campaign toward epilepsy among Italian primary school teachers: 1. 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R, Giuffrida A, Specchio N, Vigevano F: \u003cstrong\u003eManagement of epileptic seizures in school-age children: Educational project dedicated to school staff\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eEpilepsy Behav \u003c/em\u003e2020, \u003cstrong\u003e105\u003c/strong\u003e:106951.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMecarelli O, Messina P, Capovilla G, Michelucci R, Romeo A, Beghi E, De Simone R, Cerquiglini A, Vecchi M, Boniver C\u003cem\u003e et al\u003c/em\u003e: \u003cstrong\u003eAn educational campaign about epilepsy among Italian primary school teachers. 2. The results of a focused training program\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eEpilepsy Behav \u003c/em\u003e2015, \u003cstrong\u003e42\u003c/strong\u003e:93-97.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEze CN EO, Brigo F, Otte WM, Igwe SC.:\u003cstrong\u003e Effect of health education on trainee teachers' knowledge, attitudes, and first aid management of epilepsy: an interventional study.\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cem\u003eSeizure \u003c/em\u003e2015;33:44\u0026ndash;53.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDumeier HK, Neininger MP, Kaune A, Schumacher PM, Merkenschlager A, Kiess W, Bernhard MK, Bertsche T, Bertsche A: \u003cstrong\u003eSeizure management by preschool teachers: A training concept focussing on practical skills\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eSeizure \u003c/em\u003e2017, \u003cstrong\u003e50\u003c/strong\u003e:38-42.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJanati Idrissi A, Lamkaddem A, Boujraf S, Souirti Z: \u003cstrong\u003eAwareness and attitudes toward persons with epilepsy among teachers: A Moroccan study\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eEpilepsy Behav \u003c/em\u003e2020, \u003cstrong\u003e102\u003c/strong\u003e:106633.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYoo JK, Jung KY, Park KW, Lee DH, Lee SK, Lee IK, Cho YW, Kim MK: \u003cstrong\u003eFamiliarity with, understanding of, and attitudes toward epilepsy among people with epilepsy and healthy controls in South Korea\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eEpilepsy Behav \u003c/em\u003e2009, \u003cstrong\u003e16\u003c/strong\u003e(2):260-267.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLi F, Jiang F, Jin X, Qiu Y, Shen X: \u003cstrong\u003ePediatric first aid knowledge and attitudes among staff in the preschools of Shanghai, China\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eBMC pediatrics \u003c/em\u003e2012, \u003cstrong\u003e12\u003c/strong\u003e:121.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-pediatrics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"bped","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Pediatrics](http://bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/bped/default.aspx","title":"BMC Pediatrics","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Epilepsy, Preschool staff, First-aid knowledge, Attitudes, Training","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-58665/v3","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-58665/v3","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Background\nEpilepsy is one of the most common neurological problems among children. The aim of this survey was to assess the knowledge and attitude among preschool staff in Shanghai regarding epilepsy.\nMethods\nA cross-sectional survey was carried out among the staff at selected preschools. A stratified random sampling method was first used to identify suitable subjects. Data were obtained using a self-completed questionnaire. A standardized collection of demographic information was performed, and participants were given a questionnaire about their knowledge and attitudes regarding epilepsy.\nResults\nA total of 1069 subjects completed the questionnaire. In this survey, 387 (36.2%) staff members had previously participated in related training. Overall, the subjects lacked knowledge regarding first aid for seizures. Only 17.6% of teachers knew how to provide appropriate first aid for seizures. Correct responses regarding first aid for seizures, such as laying the person on his or her side (24.9%), moving harmful objects out of the way (20.7%), protecting the head (36.1%), waiting until the seizure ends (7.9%), and dialing the emergency number (40.1%), were low. The staff members had different attitudes towards children with epilepsy: most had a positive attitude, but some had a negative attitude.\nConclusions\nThe level of first-aid knowledge among preschool staff in Shanghai relevant to epilepsy was low. There is an urgent need to educate staff about epilepsy and appropriate first-aid practices for seizures.\nKeywords : Epilepsy; Preschool staff; First-aid knowledge; Attitudes; Training","manuscriptTitle":"Knowledge and attitudes among preschools staff in Shanghai, China, regarding epilepsy","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":3,"date":"2020-10-15 21:55:47","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-58665/v3","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2020-10-07T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"decision","content":"Accept","date":"2020-10-06T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-pediatrics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"bped","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Pediatrics](http://bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/bped/default.aspx","title":"BMC Pediatrics","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}},{"code":2,"date":"2020-09-28 09:26:50","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-58665/v2","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2020-09-24T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2020-09-23T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2020-09-23T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-pediatrics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"bped","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Pediatrics](http://bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/bped/default.aspx","title":"BMC Pediatrics","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}},{"code":1,"date":"2020-08-27 15:53:00","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-58665/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2020-09-11T12:00:00+00:00","index":1,"fulltext":"Recommendation: Accept after minor essential revisions\nForm responses:\n---\n\nComments to Author:\n---\nit is very well written manuscript of an original research\nhowever period of the research activity (duration of collecting data and timing) is not mentioned clear had to be clearly highlighted\nplease add new refence from 2020 and make necessary changes in the manuscript \n* Publons Reviewer Recognition. Springer Nature can send verification of this review directly to Publons (a subsidiary of Clarivate Analytics). If you would like to take advantage of this service, please click on the “Yes” option below. Your name, email address, title of the reviewed manuscript, name of the journal, and date of your review submission (the “Review Data”) will then be transmitted to Publons upon publication of the manuscript. If you have already registered at Publons, they will notify you of the receipt of this review and update your profile as per your settings and their policy. If you are not registered with Publons, you will receive an email from them asking you to register in order for them to be able to recognize your review on your new profile page. Publons may use the Review Data to generate derivative metadata for the benefit of Publons and you as a reviewer, carefully considering the sensitivity of such information. For example, Publons may verify your record as a reviewer by updating your profile published on its webservice if you have registered for such service or help editors to identify candidate reviewers. Please find the details of processing in Publons’ privacy policy https://publons.com/about/terms: **No**\n* Declaration of competing interests: **I declare that I have no competing interests**\n* Reviewer Publication Consent. I agree for my report to be made available under an Open Access Creative Commons CC-BY License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) if this manuscript is accepted for publication. Any comments that I do not wish to be included in the published report have been included as confidential comments to the editor, which will not be published.: **I agree to the terms of the CC-BY 4.0 license; please publish my name with my report.**\n* Is the study design appropriate to answer the research question (including the use of appropriate controls), and are the conclusions supported by the evidence presented?: **Yes**\n* Are the methods sufficiently described to allow the study to be repeated?: **Yes**\n* Is the use of statistics and treatment of uncertainties appropriate?: **Yes**\n* Is the presentation of the work clear?: **Yes**\n* Are the images in this manuscript (including electrophoretic gels and blots) free from apparent manipulation?: **Yes**\n"},{"type":"decision","content":"Minor revision","date":"2020-09-11T12:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2020-09-06T12:00:00+00:00","index":2,"fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2020-09-06T12:00:00+00:00","index":2,"fulltext":"Recommendation: Accept after minor essential revisions\nForm responses:\n---\n\nComments to Author:\n---\nThanks for submitting this manuscript. I have read it with interest.\nI congratulate you for the selection of the topic and for the study design.\nStrength of the study:\nReasonable literature search was made and included in the introduction and in the discussion.\nThe methodology was clear.\nThe study included good number of participants.\nThe selection process was identified.\nThe data was clearly presented.\nSome findings in the results were then explained in the discussion with reference to comparable findings from other reviews.\nReferences were cited appropriately.\n\nPoints to consider:\n1/Although the selection was stratified BUT it will be helpful if we could know if the preschools included represent areas of different socioeconomic status equally i.e. if they are in an affluent suburb or otherwise. We know that this may play part in the prevalence of the disorder and also access of children, their carers/parents to appropriate care and hence information that could be exchanged with schools. The provision of rescue/emergency medications is part of this.\n2/It will also be useful to know if the responders have \"currently\" any children with epilepsy attending their schools rather that relying on the generic response of \"seeing or looking after a child with seizure\".\n3/Important carer for children with epilepsy in schools is school nurse, accordingly it would have been helpful to know if these responders have a nurse in the vicinity who will help if the Management and also in education of the teaching staff. \n4/I would expect some clear recommendations based on the findings from this review that can help local authorities planning to mitigate the shortcomings identified.\n\n\n* Publons Reviewer Recognition. Springer Nature can send verification of this review directly to Publons (a subsidiary of Clarivate Analytics). If you would like to take advantage of this service, please click on the “Yes” option below. 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Please find the details of processing in Publons’ privacy policy https://publons.com/about/terms: **No**\n* Declaration of competing interests: **I declare that I have no competing interest**\n* Reviewer Publication Consent. I agree for my report to be made available under an Open Access Creative Commons CC-BY License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0) if this manuscript is accepted for publication. Any comments that I do not wish to be included in the published report have been included as confidential comments to the editor, which will not be published.: **I agree to the terms of the CC-BY 4.0 license; please do not publish my name with my report. 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