Assessment of microbial contamination in laser materials processing laboratories used for prototyping of biomedical devices

Microbial contamination of medical devices during pilot production can be a significant barrier as the laboratory environment is a source of contamination. There is limited information on microbial contaminants in laser laboratories and environments involved in the pilot production of medical devices. This study aimed to determine the bioburden and microbial contaminants present in three laser laboratories - an ISO Class 7 clean room, a pilot line facility, and a standard laser laboratory. Microbiological air sampling was by passive air sampling using settle plates and the identity of isolates was confirmed by DNA sequencing. Particulate matter was analysed using a portable optical particle counter. Twenty bacterial and 16 fungal genera were isolated with Staphylococcus and Micrococcus being the predominant genera. Most isolates are associated with skin, mouth, or upper respiratory tract. There was no significant correlation between microbial count and PM2.5 concentration in the three laboratories. There is low level but diverse microbial population in laser-processing environments. Pathogenic bacteria such as Acinetobacter baumannii and Candida parapsilosis were isolated in those environments. These results provide data that will be useful for developing a contamination control plan for controlling microbial contamination and facilitating advanced manufacturing of laser-based pilot production of medical devices.