Human milk banking services: An umbrella review protocol

Human milk banking services: An umbrella review... | HRB Open Research dataLayer = dataLayer || []; // Standard GTM initialization - Google Consent Mode handles consent automatically (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl+ '>m_auth=hzk0Vc3qFsQYhCrIoHz68A>m_preview=env-1>m_cookies_win=x';f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MWFK8L5J'); ;window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.init={distributed_tracing:{enabled:true},privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}}; ;NREUM.loader_config={accountID:"438030",trustKey:"438030",agentID:"772317073",licenseKey:"97f8f67f26",applicationID:"772317073"} ;NREUM.info={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net",licenseKey:"97f8f67f26",applicationID:"772317073",sa:1} ;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.236.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{"use strict";var e,t,r={5763:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{P_:()=>l,Mt:()=>g,C5:()=>s,DL:()=>v,OP:()=>T,lF:()=>D,Yu:()=>y,Dg:()=>h,CX:()=>c,GE:()=>b,sU:()=>_});var n=r(8632),i=r(9567);const o={beacon:n.ce.beacon,errorBeacon:n.ce.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.D)(t,o),(0,n.Qy)(e,a[e],"info")}var u=r(7056);const d=()=>{const e={blockSelector:"[data-nr-block]",maskInputOptions:{password:!0}};return{allow_bfcache:!0,privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},ajax:{deny_list:void 0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},session:{domain:void 0,expiresMs:u.oD,inactiveMs:u.Hb},ssl:void 0,obfuscate:void 0,jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},metrics:{enabled:!0},page_action:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30},page_view_event:{enabled:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,long_task:!1},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},session_replay:{enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,sampleRate:.1,errorSampleRate:.1,maskTextSelector:"*",maskAllInputs:!0,get blockClass(){return"nr-block"},get ignoreClass(){return"nr-ignore"},get maskTextClass(){return"nr-mask"},get blockSelector(){return e.blockSelector},set blockSelector(t){e.blockSelector+=",".concat(t)},get maskInputOptions(){return e.maskInputOptions},set maskInputOptions(t){e.maskInputOptions={...t,password:!0}}},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10}}},f={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");if(!f[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return f[e]}function h(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");f[e]=(0,i.D)(t,d()),(0,n.Qy)(e,f[e],"config")}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");var r=l(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i {r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(50);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.Z)("Setting a Configurable requires an object as input");if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.Z)("Setting a Configurable requires a model to set its initial properties");const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occurred while setting a property of a Configurable",e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occured while setting a Configurable",e)}}},6818:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Re:()=>i,gF:()=>o,q4:()=>n});const n="1.236.0",i="PROD",o="CDN"},385:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{FN:()=>a,IF:()=>u,Nk:()=>f,Tt:()=>s,_A:()=>o,il:()=>n,pL:()=>c,v6:()=>i,w1:()=>d});const n="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,i="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),o=n?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),a=""+o?.location,s=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(navigator.userAgent),c=s&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,u=(()=>{const e=navigator.userAgent.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),d=Boolean(n&&window.document.documentMode),f=!!navigator.sendBeacon},1117:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{w:()=>o});var n=r(50);const i={agentIdentifier:"",ee:void 0};class o{constructor(e){try{if("object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.Z)("shared context requires an object as input");this.sharedContext={},Object.assign(this.sharedContext,i),Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,r]=e;Object.keys(i).includes(t)&&(this.sharedContext[t]=r)}))}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occured while setting SharedContext",e)}}}},8e3:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{L:()=>d,R:()=>c});var n=r(2177),i=r(1284),o=r(4322),a=r(3325);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:a.p[t]||0};u(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e){e&&(s[e]||(s[e]=new Map))}function d(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:"",t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:"feature";if(u(e),!e||!s[e].get(t))return a(t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0;const r=[...s[e]];function a(t){const r=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,a=o.X.handlers;if(r.backlog&&a){var s=r.backlog[t],c=a[t];if(c){for(var u=0;s&&u {let[t,r]=e;return r.staged}))&&(r.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),r.forEach((e=>{let[t]=e;a(t)})))}function f(e,t){var r=e[1];(0,i.D)(t[r],(function(t,r){var n=e[0];if(r[0]===n){var i=r[1],o=e[3],a=e[2];i.apply(o,a)}}))}},2177:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{c:()=>f,ee:()=>u});var n=r(8632),i=r(2210),o=r(1284),a=r(5763),s="nr@context";let c=(0,n.fP)();var u;function d(){}function f(e){return(0,i.X)(e,s,l)}function l(){return new d}function h(){u.aborted=!0,u.backlog={}}c.ee?u=c.ee:(u=function e(t,r){var n={},c={},f={},g=!1;try{g=16===r.length&&(0,a.OP)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var p={on:b,addEventListener:b,removeEventListener:y,emit:v,get:x,listeners:w,context:m,buffer:A,abort:h,aborted:!1,isBuffering:E,debugId:r,backlog:g?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{}};return p;function m(e){return e&&e instanceof d?e:e?(0,i.X)(e,s,l):l()}function v(e,r,n,i,o){if(!1!==o&&(o=!0),!u.aborted||i){t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=m(n),s=w(e),d=s.length,f=0;fn,p:()=>i});var n=r(2177).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},4322:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{X:()=>o});var n=r(5546);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.E,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.E);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3239:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{bP:()=>s,iz:()=>c,m$:()=>a});var n=r(385);let i=!1,o=!1;try{const e={get passive(){return i=!0,!1},get signal(){return o=!0,!1}};n._A.addEventListener("test",null,e),n._A.removeEventListener("test",null,e)}catch(e){}function a(e,t){return i||o?{capture:!!e,passive:i,signal:t}:!!e}function s(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2],n=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;window.addEventListener(e,t,a(r,n))}function c(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2],n=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;document.addEventListener(e,t,a(r,n))}},4402:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Ht:()=>u,M:()=>c,Rl:()=>a,ky:()=>s});var n=r(385);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n._A?.crypto||n._A?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,++r).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n._A?.crypto||n._A?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s {r.d(t,{Bq:()=>n,Hb:()=>o,oD:()=>i});const n="NRBA",i=144e5,o=18e5},7894:(e,t,r)=>{function n(){return Math.round(performance.now())}r.d(t,{z:()=>n})},7243:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{e:()=>o});var n=r(385),i={};function o(e){if(e in i)return i[e];if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};let t;var r=n._A?.location,o={};if(n.il)t=document.createElement("a"),t.href=e;else try{t=new URL(e,r.href)}catch(e){return o}o.port=t.port;var a=t.href.split("://");!o.port&&a[1]&&(o.port=a[1].split("/")[0].split("@").pop().split(":")[1]),o.port&&"0"!==o.port||(o.port="https"===a[0]?"443":"80"),o.hostname=t.hostname||r.hostname,o.pathname=t.pathname,o.protocol=a[0],"/"!==o.pathname.charAt(0)&&(o.pathname="/"+o.pathname);var s=!t.protocol||":"===t.protocol||t.protocol===r.protocol,c=t.hostname===r.hostname&&t.port===r.port;return o.sameOrigin=s&&(!t.hostname||c),"/"===o.pathname&&(i[e]=o),o}},50:(e,t,r)=>{function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.warn&&(console.warn("New Relic: ".concat(e)),t&&console.warn(t))}r.d(t,{Z:()=>n})},2587:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{N:()=>c,T:()=>u});var n=r(2177),i=r(5546),o=r(8e3),a=r(3325);const s={stn:[a.D.sessionTrace],err:[a.D.jserrors,a.D.metrics],ins:[a.D.pageAction],spa:[a.D.spa],sr:[a.D.sessionReplay,a.D.sessionTrace]};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);e&&"object"==typeof e&&(Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,n]=e;void 0===u[t]&&(s[t]?s[t].forEach((e=>{n?(0,i.p)("feat-"+t,[],void 0,e,r):(0,i.p)("block-"+t,[],void 0,e,r),(0,i.p)("rumresp-"+t,[Boolean(n)],void 0,e,r)})):n&&(0,i.p)("feat-"+t,[],void 0,void 0,r),u[t]=Boolean(n))})),Object.keys(s).forEach((e=>{void 0===u[e]&&(s[e]?.forEach((t=>(0,i.p)("rumresp-"+e,[!1],void 0,t,r))),u[e]=!1)})),(0,o.L)(t,a.D.pageViewEvent))}const u={}},2210:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{X:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},1284:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{D:()=>n});const n=(e,t)=>Object.entries(e||{}).map((e=>{let[r,n]=e;return t(r,n)}))},4351:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{P:()=>o});var n=r(2177);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}}},3960:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{K:()=>a,b:()=>o});var n=r(3239);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.bP)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.iz)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},8632:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{EZ:()=>u,Qy:()=>c,ce:()=>o,fP:()=>a,gG:()=>d,mF:()=>s});var n=r(7894),i=r(385);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return i._A.NREUM||(i._A.NREUM={}),void 0===i._A.newrelic&&(i._A.newrelic=i._A.NREUM),i._A.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:i._A.setTimeout,SI:i._A.setImmediate,CT:i._A.clearTimeout,XHR:i._A.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:i._A.Request,EV:i._A.Event,PR:i._A.Promise,MO:i._A.MutationObserver,FETCH:i._A.fetch}),e}function c(e,t,r){let i=a();const o=i.initializedAgents||{},s=o[e]||{};return Object.keys(s).length||(s.initializedAt={ms:(0,n.z)(),date:new Date}),i.initializedAgents={...o,[e]:{...s,[r]:t}},i}function u(e,t){a()[e]=t}function d(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},7956:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{N:()=>i});var n=r(3239);function i(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]&&arguments[1],r=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:void 0,i=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;return void(0,n.iz)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"==document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},1214:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{em:()=>v,u5:()=>N,QU:()=>S,_L:()=>I,Gm:()=>L,Lg:()=>M,gy:()=>U,BV:()=>Q,Kf:()=>ee});var n=r(2177);const i="nr@original";var o=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,a=!1;function s(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");var a,s,c,u="-"===n.charAt(0);for(c=0;c 2?n-2:0),o=2;o {r(A[T],e,w),r(E[T],e,w)})),r(l._A,"fetch",y),t.on(y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(y+"done",[e],n)})),t}const O={},j=["pushState","replaceState"];function S(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("history")}(e);return!l.il||O[t.debugId]++||(O[t.debugId]=1,s(t).inPlace(window.history,j,"-")),t}var P=r(3239);const C={},R=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function I(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!l.il||C[t.debugId])return t;C[t.debugId]=!0;var r=s(t),i=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,o=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,a=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function c(e,t){var r=e.match(a),n=r[1],i=r[3];return i?c(i,t[n]):t[n]}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,R,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var n=(a=e.src,s=a.match(i),s?s[1]:null);var a,s;if(!n)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(o);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:c(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(n);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function f(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",f,(0,P.m$)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",l,(0,P.m$)(!1))}function l(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",f,(0,P.m$)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",l,(0,P.m$)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",f,(0,P.m$)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",l,(0,P.m$)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}var k=r(5763);const H={};function L(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!l.il||H[t.debugId])return t;H[t.debugId]=!0;var r=s(t),i=k.Yu.MO;return i&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof i?new i(r(e,"fn-")):i.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=i.prototype),t}const z={};function M(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(z[t.debugId])return t;z[t.debugId]=!0;var r=n.c,o=s(t),a=k.Yu.PR;return a&&function(){function e(r){var n=t.context(),i=o(r,"executor-",n,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(a,[i],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return n},s}l._A.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return a.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,a),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=a[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=a[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=a.prototype;const n=a.prototype.then;a.prototype.then=function(){var e=this,i=r(e);i.promise=e;for(var a=arguments.length,s=new Array(a),c=0;c e())),t};function m(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",E)}function b(){var e=this,t=r.context(e);e.readyState>3&&!t.resolved&&(t.resolved=!0,r.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,f,"fn-",E)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,p),p.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(p.prototype,J,"-xhr-",E),r.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){m(e,t),function(e){h.push(e),a&&(y?y.then(A):u?u(A):(w=-w,x.data=w))}(t)})),r.on("open-xhr-start",m),a){var y=c&&c.resolve();if(!u&&!c){var w=1,x=document.createTextNode(w);new a(A).observe(x,{characterData:!0})}}else t.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===d||A()}));function A(){for(var e=0;e {r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.ajax},6660:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{A:()=>i,t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.jserrors,i="nr@seenError"},3081:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{gF:()=>o,mY:()=>i,t9:()=>n,vz:()=>s,xS:()=>a});const n=r(3325).D.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},4649:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.pageAction},7633:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Dz:()=>i,OJ:()=>a,qw:()=>o,t9:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.pageViewEvent,i="firstbyte",o="domcontent",a="windowload"},9251:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.pageViewTiming},3614:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{BST_RESOURCE:()=>i,END:()=>s,FEATURE_NAME:()=>n,FN_END:()=>u,FN_START:()=>c,PUSH_STATE:()=>d,RESOURCE:()=>o,START:()=>a});const n=r(3325).D.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState"},7836:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{BODY:()=>A,CB_END:()=>E,CB_START:()=>u,END:()=>x,FEATURE_NAME:()=>i,FETCH:()=>_,FETCH_BODY:()=>v,FETCH_DONE:()=>m,FETCH_START:()=>p,FN_END:()=>c,FN_START:()=>s,INTERACTION:()=>l,INTERACTION_API:()=>d,INTERACTION_EVENTS:()=>o,JSONP_END:()=>b,JSONP_NODE:()=>g,JS_TIME:()=>T,MAX_TIMER_BUDGET:()=>a,REMAINING:()=>f,SPA_NODE:()=>h,START:()=>w,originalSetTimeout:()=>y});var n=r(5763);const i=r(3325).D.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",f="remaining",l="interaction",h="spaNode",g="jsonpNode",p="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=n.Yu.ST,w="-start",x="-end",A="-body",E="cb"+x,T="jsTime",_="fetch"},5938:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(5763),i=r(2177);class o{constructor(e,t,r){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.aggregator=t,this.ee=i.ee.get(e,(0,n.OP)(this.agentIdentifier).isolatedBacklog),this.featureName=r,this.blocked=!1}}},9144:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{j:()=>m});var n=r(3325),i=r(5763),o=r(5546),a=r(2177),s=r(7894),c=r(8e3),u=r(3960),d=r(385),f=r(50),l=r(3081),h=r(8632);function g(){const e=(0,h.gG)();["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId"].forEach((t=>{e[t]=function(){for(var r=arguments.length,n=new Array(r),i=0;i 1?r-1:0),i=1;i {e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&o.push(e.api[t](...n))})),o.length>1?o:o[0]}(t,...n)}}))}var p=r(2587);function m(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{},m=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:void 0,v=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0,{init:b,info:y,loader_config:w,runtime:x={loaderType:m},exposed:A=!0}=t;const E=(0,h.gG)();y||(b=E.init,y=E.info,w=E.loader_config),(0,i.Dg)(e,b||{}),(0,i.GE)(e,w||{}),(0,i.sU)(e,x),y.jsAttributes??={},d.v6&&(y.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.CX)(e,y),g();const T=function(e,t){t||(0,c.R)(e,"api");const h={};var g=a.ee.get(e),p=g.get("tracer"),m="api-",v=m+"ixn-";function b(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.C5)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.CX)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),x(m,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function y(){}["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease"].forEach((e=>h[e]=x(m,e,!0,"api"))),h.addPageAction=x(m,"addPageAction",!0,n.D.pageAction),h.setCurrentRouteName=x(m,"routeName",!0,n.D.spa),h.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,i.OP)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,x(m,"setPageViewName",!0)()},h.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2];if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return b(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,f.Z)("Failed to execute setCustomAttribute.\nNon-null value must be a string or number type, but a type of was provided."))}else(0,f.Z)("Failed to execute setCustomAttribute.\nName must be a string type, but a type of was provided."))},h.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return b("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,f.Z)("Failed to execute setUserId.\nNon-null value must be a string type, but a type of was provided."))},h.interaction=function(){return(new y).get()};var w=y.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,a="function"==typeof t;return(0,o.p)(v+"tracer",[(0,s.z)(),e,r],i,n.D.spa,g),function(){if(p.emit((a?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,s.z)(),i,a],r),a)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){throw p.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,"string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e],r),e}finally{p.emit("fn-end",[(0,s.z)()],r)}}}};function x(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,o.p)(l.xS,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.D.metrics,g),i&&(0,o.p)(e+t,[(0,s.z)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,g),r?void 0:this}}function A(){r.e(439).then(r.bind(r,7438)).then((t=>{let{setAPI:r}=t;r(e),(0,c.L)(e,"api")})).catch((()=>(0,f.Z)("Downloading runtime APIs failed...")))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{w[e]=x(v,e,void 0,n.D.spa)})),h.noticeError=function(e,t){"string"==typeof e&&(e=new Error(e)),(0,o.p)(l.xS,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.D.metrics,g),(0,o.p)("err",[e,(0,s.z)(),!1,t],void 0,n.D.jserrors,g)},d.il?(0,u.b)((()=>A()),!0):A(),h}(e,v);return(0,h.Qy)(e,T,"api"),(0,h.Qy)(e,A,"exposed"),(0,h.EZ)("activatedFeatures",p.T),T}},3325:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{D:()=>n,p:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",jserrors:"jserrors",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.ajax]:5,[n.sessionTrace]:6,[n.pageAction]:7,[n.spa]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>(({78:"page_action-aggregate",147:"metrics-aggregate",242:"session-manager",317:"jserrors-aggregate",348:"page_view_timing-aggregate",412:"lazy-feature-loader",439:"async-api",538:"recorder",590:"session_replay-aggregate",675:"compressor",733:"session_trace-aggregate",786:"page_view_event-aggregate",873:"spa-aggregate",898:"ajax-aggregate"}[e]||e)+"."+{78:"ac76d497",147:"3dc53903",148:"1a20d5fe",242:"2a64278a",317:"49e41428",348:"bd6de33a",412:"2f55ce66",439:"30bd804e",538:"1b18459f",590:"cf0efb30",675:"ae9f91a8",733:"83105561",786:"06482edd",860:"03a8b7a5",873:"e6b09d52",898:"998ef92b"}[e]+"-1.236.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d {s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(h);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},h=setTimeout(l.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=l.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=l.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.j=364,i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={364:0,953:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u {i.r(o);var e=i(3325),t=i(5763);const r=Object.values(e.D);function n(e){const n={};return r.forEach((r=>{n[r]=function(e,r){return!1!==(0,t.Mt)(r,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),n}var a=i(9144);var s=i(5546),c=i(385),u=i(8e3),d=i(5938),f=i(3960),l=i(50);class h extends d.W{constructor(e,t,r){let n=!(arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3])||arguments[3];super(e,t,r),this.auto=n,this.abortHandler,this.featAggregate,this.onAggregateImported,n&&(0,u.R)(e,r)}importAggregator(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;const r=c.il&&!0===(0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"privacy.cookies_enabled");let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let t;try{if(r){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await Promise.all([i.e(860),i.e(242)]).then(i.bind(i,3228));t=e(this.agentIdentifier)}}catch(e){(0,l.Z)("A problem occurred when starting up session manager. This page will not start or extend any session.",e)}try{if(!this.shouldImportAgg(this.featureName,t))return void(0,u.L)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName);const{lazyFeatureLoader:r}=await i.e(412).then(i.bind(i,8582)),{Aggregate:o}=await r(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new o(this.agentIdentifier,this.aggregator,e),n(!0)}catch(e){(0,l.Z)("Downloading and initializing ".concat(this.featureName," failed..."),e),this.abortHandler?.(),n(!1)}};c.il?(0,f.b)((()=>o()),!0):o()}shouldImportAgg(r,n){return r!==e.D.sessionReplay||!1!==(0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"session_trace.enabled")&&(!!n?.isNew||!!n?.state.sessionReplay)}}var g=i(7633),p=i(7894);class m extends h{static featureName=g.t9;constructor(r,n){let i=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];if(super(r,n,g.t9,i),("undefined"==typeof PerformanceNavigationTiming||c.Tt)&&"undefined"!=typeof PerformanceTiming){const n=(0,t.OP)(r);n[g.Dz]=Math.max(Date.now()-n.offset,0),(0,f.K)((()=>n[g.qw]=Math.max((0,p.z)()-n[g.Dz],0))),(0,f.b)((()=>{const t=(0,p.z)();n[g.OJ]=Math.max(t-n[g.Dz],0),(0,s.p)("timing",["load",t],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}))}this.importAggregator()}}var v=i(1117),b=i(1284);class y extends v.w{constructor(e){super(e),this.aggregatedData={}}store(e,t,r,n,i){var o=this.getBucket(e,t,r,i);return o.metrics=function(e,t){t||(t={count:0});return t.count+=1,(0,b.D)(e,(function(e,r){t[e]=w(r,t[e])})),t}(n,o.metrics),o}merge(e,t,r,n,i){var o=this.getBucket(e,t,n,i);if(o.metrics){var a=o.metrics;a.count+=r.count,(0,b.D)(r,(function(e,t){if("count"!==e){var n=a[e],i=r[e];i&&!i.c?a[e]=w(i.t,n):a[e]=function(e,t){if(!t)return e;t.c||(t=x(t.t));return t.min=Math.min(e.min,t.min),t.max=Math.max(e.max,t.max),t.t+=e.t,t.sos+=e.sos,t.c+=e.c,t}(i,a[e])}}))}else o.metrics=r}storeMetric(e,t,r,n){var i=this.getBucket(e,t,r);return i.stats=w(n,i.stats),i}getBucket(e,t,r,n){this.aggregatedData[e]||(this.aggregatedData[e]={});var i=this.aggregatedData[e][t];return i||(i=this.aggregatedData[e][t]={params:r||{}},n&&(i.custom=n)),i}get(e,t){return t?this.aggregatedData[e]&&this.aggregatedData[e][t]:this.aggregatedData[e]}take(e){for(var t={},r="",n=!1,i=0;i t.max&&(t.max=e),e 2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,r,j.t,n),c.il&&((0,t.OP)(e).initHidden=Boolean("hidden"===document.visibilityState),(0,N.N)((()=>(0,s.p)("docHidden",[(0,p.z)()],void 0,j.t,this.ee)),!0),(0,O.bP)("pagehide",(()=>(0,s.p)("winPagehide",[(0,p.z)()],void 0,j.t,this.ee))),this.importAggregator())}}var P=i(3081);class C extends h{static featureName=P.t9;constructor(e,t){let r=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,P.t9,r),this.importAggregator()}}var R,I=i(2210),k=i(1214),H=i(2177),L={};try{R=localStorage.getItem("__nr_flags").split(","),console&&"function"==typeof console.log&&(L.console=!0,-1!==R.indexOf("dev")&&(L.dev=!0),-1!==R.indexOf("nr_dev")&&(L.nrDev=!0))}catch(e){}function z(e){try{L.console&&z(e)}catch(e){}}L.nrDev&&H.ee.on("internal-error",(function(e){z(e.stack)})),L.dev&&H.ee.on("fn-err",(function(e,t,r){z(r.stack)})),L.dev&&(z("NR AGENT IN DEVELOPMENT MODE"),z("flags: "+(0,b.D)(L,(function(e,t){return e})).join(", ")));var M=i(6660);class B extends h{static featureName=M.t;constructor(r,n){let i=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(r,n,M.t,i),this.skipNext=0;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}const o=this;o.ee.on("fn-start",(function(e,t,r){o.abortHandler&&(o.skipNext+=1)})),o.ee.on("fn-err",(function(t,r,n){o.abortHandler&&!n[M.A]&&((0,I.X)(n,M.A,(function(){return!0})),this.thrown=!0,(0,s.p)("err",[n,(0,p.z)()],void 0,e.D.jserrors,o.ee))})),o.ee.on("fn-end",(function(){o.abortHandler&&!this.thrown&&o.skipNext>0&&(o.skipNext-=1)})),o.ee.on("internal-error",(function(t){(0,s.p)("ierr",[t,(0,p.z)(),!0],void 0,e.D.jserrors,o.ee)})),this.origOnerror=c._A.onerror,c._A.onerror=this.onerrorHandler.bind(this),c._A.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(t=>{const r=function(e){let t="Unhandled Promise Rejection: ";if(e instanceof Error)try{return e.message=t+e.message,e}catch(t){return e}if(void 0===e)return new Error(t);try{return new Error(t+(0,D.P)(e))}catch(e){return new Error(t)}}(t.reason);(0,s.p)("err",[r,(0,p.z)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1}],void 0,e.D.jserrors,this.ee)}),(0,O.m$)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),(0,k.gy)(this.ee),(0,k.BV)(this.ee),(0,k.em)(this.ee),(0,t.OP)(r).xhrWrappable&&(0,k.Kf)(this.ee),this.abortHandler=this.#e,this.importAggregator()}#e(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}onerrorHandler(t,r,n,i,o){"function"==typeof this.origOnerror&&this.origOnerror(...arguments);try{this.skipNext?this.skipNext-=1:(0,s.p)("err",[o||new F(t,r,n),(0,p.z)()],void 0,e.D.jserrors,this.ee)}catch(t){try{(0,s.p)("ierr",[t,(0,p.z)(),!0],void 0,e.D.jserrors,this.ee)}catch(e){}}return!1}}function F(e,t,r){this.message=e||"Uncaught error with no additional information",this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r}let U=1;const q="nr@id";function G(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===c._A?0:(0,I.X)(e,q,(function(){return U++}))}function V(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,D.P)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var X=i(7243);class W{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.generateTracePayload=this.generateTracePayload.bind(this),this.shouldGenerateTrace=this.shouldGenerateTrace.bind(this)}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var r=(0,t.DL)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!r)return null;var n=(r.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(r.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(r.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,_.M)(),s=(0,_.Ht)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof c._A?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,D.P)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var r=!1,n={};if((0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(n=(0,t.P_)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)r=!0;else if(n.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var i=0;i 2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(r,n,Z.t,i),(0,t.OP)(r).xhrWrappable&&(this.dt=new W(r),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,s.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee),(0,k.u5)(this.ee),(0,k.Kf)(this.ee),function(r,n,i,o){function a(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=E,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){_(t,e)}),(0,O.m$)(!1)),c.IF||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,O.m$)(!1))}function s(e){this.params={method:e[0]},T(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function u(e,n){var i=(0,t.DL)(r);i.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&n.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",i.xpid);var a=o.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(a){var s=!1;a.newrelicHeader&&(n.setRequestHeader("newrelic",a.newrelicHeader),s=!0),a.traceContextParentHeader&&(n.setRequestHeader("traceparent",a.traceContextParentHeader),a.traceContextStateHeader&&n.setRequestHeader("tracestate",a.traceContextStateHeader),s=!0),s&&(this.dt=a)}}function d(e,t){var r=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(r&&i){var a=V(i);a&&(r.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,p.z)(),this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof t.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(t)}catch(e){try{n.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s 1?e[1]=i:e.push(i)}else e[0]&&e[0].headers&&s(e[0].headers,n)&&(this.dt=n);function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function x(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,p.z)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof Y?r=i.url:c._A?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),T(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof Y&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.txSize=V(n.body)||0}function A(t,r){var n;this.endTime=(0,p.z)(),this.params||(this.params={}),this.params.status=r?r.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);var o={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,p.z)()-this.startTime};i("xhr",[this.params,o,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,e.D.ajax)}function E(t){var r=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(var o=0;o 2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,we.t,r),this.importAggregator()}}new class{constructor(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:(0,_.ky)(16);c._A?(this.agentIdentifier=t,this.sharedAggregator=new y({agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier}),this.features={},this.desiredFeatures=new Set(e.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(m),Object.assign(this,(0,a.j)(this.agentIdentifier,e,e.loaderType||"agent")),this.start()):(0,l.Z)("Failed to initial the agent. Could not determine the runtime environment.")}get config(){return{info:(0,t.C5)(this.agentIdentifier),init:(0,t.P_)(this.agentIdentifier),loader_config:(0,t.DL)(this.agentIdentifier),runtime:(0,t.OP)(this.agentIdentifier)}}start(){const t="features";try{const r=n(this.agentIdentifier),i=[...this.desiredFeatures];i.sort(((t,r)=>e.p[t.featureName]-e.p[r.featureName])),i.forEach((t=>{if(r[t.featureName]||t.featureName===e.D.pageViewEvent){const n=function(t){switch(t){case e.D.ajax:return[e.D.jserrors];case e.D.sessionTrace:return[e.D.ajax,e.D.pageViewEvent];case e.D.sessionReplay:return[e.D.sessionTrace];case e.D.pageViewTiming:return[e.D.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(t.featureName);n.every((e=>r[e]))||(0,l.Z)("".concat(t.featureName," is enabled but one or more dependent features has been disabled (").concat((0,D.P)(n),"). This may cause unintended consequences or missing data...")),this.features[t.featureName]=new t(this.agentIdentifier,this.sharedAggregator)}})),(0,T.Qy)(this.agentIdentifier,this.features,t)}catch(e){(0,l.Z)("Failed to initialize all enabled instrument classes (agent aborted) -",e);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,T.fP)();return delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.[t],delete this.sharedAggregator,r.ee?.abort(),delete r.ee?.get(this.agentIdentifier),!1}}}({features:[J,m,S,class extends h{static featureName=oe;constructor(t,r){if(super(t,r,oe,!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2]),!c.il)return;const n=this.ee;let i;(0,k.QU)(n),this.eventsEE=(0,k.em)(n),this.eventsEE.on(se,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,p.z)()})),this.eventsEE.on(ae,(function(t,r){(0,s.p)("bst",[t[0],r,this.bstStart,(0,p.z)()],void 0,e.D.sessionTrace,n)})),n.on(ce+ne,(function(e){this.time=(0,p.z)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),n.on(ce+ie,(function(t){(0,s.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,e.D.sessionTrace,n)}));try{i=new PerformanceObserver((t=>{const r=t.getEntries();(0,s.p)(te,[r],void 0,e.D.sessionTrace,n)})),i.observe({type:re,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator({resourceObserver:i})}},C,xe,B,class extends h{static featureName=de;constructor(e,r){if(super(e,r,de,!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2]),!c.il)return;if(!(0,t.OP)(e).xhrWrappable)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let n,i=0;const o=this.ee.get("tracer"),a=(0,k._L)(this.ee),s=(0,k.Lg)(this.ee),u=(0,k.BV)(this.ee),d=(0,k.Kf)(this.ee),f=this.ee.get("events"),l=(0,k.u5)(this.ee),h=(0,k.QU)(this.ee),g=(0,k.Gm)(this.ee);function m(e,t){h.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function v(){i++,n=window.location.hash,this[ve]=(0,p.z)()}function b(){i--,window.location.hash!==n&&m(0,!0);var e=(0,p.z)();this[pe]=~~this[pe]+e-this[ve],this[ye]=e}function y(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,p.z)()}))}this.ee.on(ve,v),s.on(be,v),a.on(be,v),this.ee.on(ye,b),s.on(ge,b),a.on(ge,b),this.ee.buffer([ve,ye,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),f.buffer([ve],this.featureName),u.buffer(["setTimeout"+le,"clearTimeout"+fe,ve],this.featureName),d.buffer([ve,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+fe],this.featureName),l.buffer([me+fe,me+"-done",me+he+fe,me+he+le],this.featureName),h.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),g.buffer([ve],this.featureName),s.buffer(["propagate",be,ge,"executor-err","resolve"+fe],this.featureName),o.buffer([ve,"no-"+ve],this.featureName),a.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),y(l,me+fe),y(l,me+"-done"),y(a,"new-jsonp"),y(a,"jsonp-end"),y(a,"cb-start"),h.on("pushState-end",m),h.on("replaceState-end",m),window.addEventListener("hashchange",m,(0,O.m$)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",m,(0,O.m$)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){m(0,i>1)}),(0,O.m$)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#e,this.importAggregator()}#e(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}],loaderType:"spa"})})(),window.NRBA=o})(); const cookieDomain = window.location.hostname; const tld = buildTLD(); function buildTLD() { const domainParts = cookieDomain.split('.'); while (domainParts.length > 2) { domainParts.shift(); } return domainParts.join('.'); } function deleteCookie(cookieName) { if (!cookieName) { return; } const cookiePath = (cookieName.startsWith('retraction_warning_') || cookieName.startsWith('version_warning_')) ? '/articles/' + cookieName : '/'; // Yes, these three slightly different ways to try and remove cookies are necessary document.cookie = cookieName + '=; path=' + cookiePath + '; domain=' + cookieDomain + '; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:01 GMT;'; document.cookie = cookieName + '=; path=' + cookiePath + '; domain=.' + tld + '; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:01 GMT;'; document.cookie = cookieName + '=; path=' + cookiePath + '; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:01 GMT;'; } function deleteGroupCookies(group) { if (!group) { return; } const domainData = OneTrust.GetDomainData(), cookies = domainData.Groups.filter(cookieGroup => cookieGroup.OptanonGroupId === group)[0].Cookies; cookies.forEach(cookie => deleteCookie(cookie.Name)); } function OptanonWrapper() { const cookieConsentGroups = []; for (group of OneTrust.GetDomainData().Groups) { cookieConsentGroups.push(group.OptanonGroupId); } OneTrust.OnConsentChanged(function(e) { const cookieConsentActiveGroups = OnetrustActiveGroups.split(',').filter(activeGroup => activeGroup); cookieConsentGroups.forEach(group => { if (!cookieConsentActiveGroups.includes(group)) { deleteGroupCookies(group); }; }); }); } window.jQuery || document.write(' ') CKEDITOR_BASEPATH='https://hrbopenresearch.org/js/vendor/ckeditor/' window.reactTheme = 'HRB'; window.MathJax = { CommonHTML: { linebreaks: { automatic: true } }, 'HTML-CSS': { linebreaks: { automatic: true } }, SVG: { linebreaks: { automatic: true } }, AuthorInit: function() { MathJax.Hub.Register.MessageHook('End Process', function () { let timeout = false; // holder for timeout id const delay = 250; // delay after event is "complete" to run callback const reflowMath = function() { const dispFormulas = document.querySelectorAll('.disp-formula.panel'); if (!dispFormulas) { return; } for (const dispFormula of dispFormulas) { const child = dispFormula.querySelector('.MathJax_Preview').nextSibling.firstChild; const isMultiline = MathJax.Hub.getAllJax(dispFormula)[0].root.isMultiline; if (dispFormula.offsetWidth < child.offsetWidth || isMultiline) { MathJax.Hub.Queue(['Rerender', MathJax.Hub, dispFormula]); } } }; window.addEventListener('resize', function() { clearTimeout(timeout); // clear the timeout timeout = setTimeout(reflowMath, delay); // start timing for event "completion" }); }); }, }; if (window.location.hash == '#_=_'){ window.location = window.location.href.split('#')[0] } !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s){if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function() {n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)} ;if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n; n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script','https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); fbq('init', '1641728616063202'); fbq('track', "PixelInitialized", {}); Skip to content HRB Open Research file_upload Submit your research search clear search menu close clear Search Browse Gateways & Collections How to Publish Submit your Research My Submissions Article Guidelines Article Guidelines (New Versions) Data Guidelines Prepublication Checks Production Process Article Processing Charges Finding Article Reviewers About How it Works For Reviewers National Steering Group Policies Glossary FAQs Contact Blog My Account Submissions Content and Tracking Alerts My Details Sign In file_upload Submit your research { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://hrbopenresearch.org/articles/8-69" }, "headline": "Human milk banking services: An umbrella review protocol", "datePublished": "2025-06-19T14:38:53", "dateModified": "2025-12-10T16:09:53", "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Roisin O'Donovan" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Aoife Long" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Elaine Lehane" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Helen Mulcahy" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Siobhan Ward" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Margaret Murphy" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Susan Rogers" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Gillian Weaver" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Patricia Leahy-Warren" } ], "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "HRB Open Research", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://hrbopenresearch.org/img/AMP/HRB_image.png", "height": 566, "width": 60 } }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://hrbopenresearch.org/img/AMP/HRB_image.png", "height": 1200, "width": 127 }, "description": " Objective To review the current state of the art of human milk banking including evidence on development and implementation of human milk banking services in middle- and high-income countries; models of delivery; and the roles of key stakeholders in supporting and sustaining human milk banking services. Introduction Donor Human Milk (DHM) is human milk in excess of an infant's current and future needs that is donated for use by another infant. The World Health Organisation recommends that it should be available to all preterm and low birthweight infants. Human Milk Banks (HMB) require operational sustainability to ensure all year-round consistency and equity of DHM supply. This review will inform the co-design of an evidence framework for a national human milk banking resource network. Inclusion criteria Systematic reviews of studies reporting on the development, implementation and sustainability of a milk banking service in middle- and high-income counties. Methods The guidelines for umbrella reviews from the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis will be followed. A key word search strategy will be used to search: CINAHL (EBSCO), MEDLINE (EBSCO), PsycINFO (EBSCO), Embase (Ovid), JBI Evidence Synthesis, Epistemonikos, and the PROSPERO register. A grey literature search will be undertaken on Google scholar, BASE and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) website. English language and date restrictions (2000-current) will be used. Titles and abstracts and full-text articles will be independently screened by two reviewers. The reference lists of the included studies will be searched. Studies will be screened in Covidence by two independent reviewers. All reviewers will agree on the included studies. Data will be extracted and presented graphically using figures and tables. Narrative summary text will accompany the tables and figures. This protocol has been registered on PROSPERO " } { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "1", "item": { "@id": "https://hrbopenresearch.org/", "name": "Home" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "2", "item": { "@id": "https://hrbopenresearch.org/browse/articles", "name": "Browse" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "3", "item": { "@id": "https://hrbopenresearch.org/articles/8-69/v1", "name": "Human milk banking services: An umbrella review protocol" } } ] } Home Browse Human milk banking services: An umbrella review protocol ALL Metrics - Views Downloads Get PDF Get XML Cite How to cite this article O'Donovan R, Long A, Lehane E et al. Human milk banking services: An umbrella review protocol [version 1; peer review: 1 approved] . HRB Open Res 2025, 8 :69 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.14180.1 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. Close Copy Citation Details Export Export Citation Sciwheel EndNote Ref. Manager Bibtex ProCite Sente EXPORT Select a format first Track Share ▬ ✚ Study Protocol Human milk banking services: An umbrella review protocol [version 1; peer review: 1 approved] Roisin O'Donovan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1993-5319 1 , Aoife Long https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5022-1969 1 , Elaine Lehane 1 , [...] Helen Mulcahy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8470-8625 1 , Siobhan Ward 2 , Margaret Murphy https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9979-9462 1 , Susan Rogers 3 , Gillian Weaver 4 , Patricia Leahy-Warren https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4443-4471 1 Roisin O'Donovan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1993-5319 1 , Aoife Long https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5022-1969 1 , [...] Elaine Lehane 1 , Helen Mulcahy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8470-8625 1 , Siobhan Ward 2 , Margaret Murphy https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9979-9462 1 , Susan Rogers 3 , Gillian Weaver 4 , Patricia Leahy-Warren https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4443-4471 1 PUBLISHED 19 Jun 2025 Author details Author details 1 University College Cork School of Nursing and Midwifery, Cork, County Cork, Ireland 2 La Leche League International, Dublin, Ireland 3 Western Health & Social Care Trust, Londonderry, UK 4 Human Milk Foundation, Hertfordshire, UK Roisin O'Donovan Roles: Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project Administration, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Aoife Long Roles: Conceptualization, Methodology, Project Administration, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Elaine Lehane Roles: Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project Administration, Supervision, Writing – Review & Editing Helen Mulcahy Roles: Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – Review & Editing Siobhan Ward Roles: Writing – Review & Editing Margaret Murphy Roles: Writing – Review & Editing Susan Rogers Roles: Writing – Review & Editing Gillian Weaver Roles: Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – Review & Editing Patricia Leahy-Warren Roles: Conceptualization, Methodology, Project Administration, Supervision, Writing – Review & Editing OPEN PEER REVIEW DETAILS REVIEWER STATUS Abstract Objective To review the current state of the art of human milk banking including evidence on development and implementation of human milk banking services in middle- and high-income countries; models of delivery; and the roles of key stakeholders in supporting and sustaining human milk banking services. Introduction Donor Human Milk (DHM) is human milk in excess of an infant's current and future needs that is donated for use by another infant. The World Health Organisation recommends that it should be available to all preterm and low birthweight infants. Human Milk Banks (HMB) require operational sustainability to ensure all year-round consistency and equity of DHM supply. This review will inform the co-design of an evidence framework for a national human milk banking resource network. Inclusion criteria Systematic reviews of studies reporting on the development, implementation and sustainability of a milk banking service in middle- and high-income counties. Methods The guidelines for umbrella reviews from the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis will be followed. A key word search strategy will be used to search: CINAHL (EBSCO), MEDLINE (EBSCO), PsycINFO (EBSCO), Embase (Ovid), JBI Evidence Synthesis, Epistemonikos, and the PROSPERO register. A grey literature search will be undertaken on Google scholar, BASE and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) website. English language and date restrictions (2000-current) will be used. Titles and abstracts and full-text articles will be independently screened by two reviewers. The reference lists of the included studies will be searched. Studies will be screened in Covidence by two independent reviewers. All reviewers will agree on the included studies. Data will be extracted and presented graphically using figures and tables. Narrative summary text will accompany the tables and figures. This protocol has been registered on PROSPERO READ ALL READ LESS Keywords Human milk banking; Umbrella Review Corresponding Author(s) Roisin O'Donovan ( [email protected] ) Close Corresponding author: Roisin O'Donovan Competing interests: Gillian Weaver has no commercial or corporate conflicts of interest in this area. However, she would like to declare her role as co-founder of a non profit human milk bank- Human Milk Foundation. All other authors have no conflict of interest to declare. Grant information: Health Research Board -APRO-2023-015 The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Copyright: © 2025 O'Donovan R et al . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. How to cite: O'Donovan R, Long A, Lehane E et al. Human milk banking services: An umbrella review protocol [version 1; peer review: 1 approved] . HRB Open Res 2025, 8 :69 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.14180.1 ) First published: 19 Jun 2025, 8 :69 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.14180.1 ) Latest published: 10 Dec 2025, 8 :69 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.14180.3 )  There is a newer version of this article available. Suppress this message for one day. Introduction The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends that Donor Human Milk (DHM) should be available to all preterm and low birthweight infants. DHM is human milk in excess of an infant's current and future needs that is donated for use by another infant ( PATH, 2019b ). In the absence of any or insufficient Mothers Own Milk (MOM), DHM, obtained from a Human Milk Bank (HMB) facility, is recommended for the care of preterm or low birthweight infants ( World Health Organzation, 2011 ; World Health Organization, 2022 ). When supplementation is required, DHM should be used as an alternative to formula and serve as a bridge to ensure an exclusively human milk diet through providing lactation support to build mothers milk supply ( PATH, 2019b ) or, where needed, as an infant’s sole source of human milk. Human milk is recognised as a pillar of child survival globally ( Victora et al. , 2016 ) and is the optimal diet for preterm infants ( Cleminson et al. , 2016 ). It provides a host of nutritional, immunological, neurological and physiological benefits to infants ( Israel-Ballard et al. , 2024 ; Ong & Belfort, 2021 ). An exclusively human milk diet during the first days of life is associated with decreased infection, morbidity, and mortality in very low birth weight infants ( Corpeleijn et al. , 2012 ; Lapidaire et al. , 2022 ; Lucas & Cole, 1990 ; Meinzen-Derr et al. , 2009 ; Sisk et al. , 2007 ). Preterm infants who are exclusively fed human milk are less likely to suffer from necrotising enterocolitis compared to formula fed infants ( Lucas & Cole, 1990 ; Quigley et al. , 2024 ; Sisk et al. , 2007 ). However, preterm and low birth weight infants often do not have access to their own mother’s milk in the first hours or days, weeks or even months of their life ( Israel-Ballard et al. , 2024 ; Tudehope, 2013 ). Women who deliver babies preterm can encounter a variety of challenges that lead to low rates of breastfeeding. They are often separated from their infants at birth and must learn how to establish and maintain milk production by expression. This requires support both in the hospital and after they are discharged to achieve and sustain exclusive breastfeeding ( Israel-Ballard et al. , 2024 ; Tudehope, 2013 ). Providing access to DHM for preterm or low birthweight infants can provide them with an optimal 100% human milk diet while their mother establishes her own milk supply. There are currently approximately 800 Human Milk Banks (HMB) operating globally in approximately 70 countries ( Human Milk Bank Global Map, 2019 ). HMB require operational sustainability to ensure all year-round consistency and equity of DHM supply. The sustainability of HMB depends on DHM supply and demand, financial sustainability, and communications, policy and advocacy to support HMB ( Israel-Ballard et al. , 2024 ). Sustainability measures that support supply and demand for a HMB include providing lactation support for mothers to maintain a donor pool, securing engagement of local stakeholders and maintaining sound financial and business practices ( Israel-Ballard et al. , 2024 ; PATH, 2019a ). Community education and engagement can raise public awareness of HMB activities and normalise human milk feeding for all infants ( Israel-Ballard et al. , 2024 ). HMB services that exist within a supportive health care system, alongside governmental support, and national advertising campaigns can support awareness and the ongoing need for donors ( Herson & Weaver, 2024 ). Ensuring sustainable service provision requires equitable recruitment of donors and equitable clinical provision of donor milk. Lack of equal opportunity to donate milk and access DHM exist at national and regional levels globally ( Herson & Weaver, 2024 ; Israel-Ballard et al. , 2024 ). Providing payments or reimbursements to milk providers is not the norm and is illegal in a few countries, however, informal channels (i.e. the internet) mean that it is often tolerated in other countries ( Herson & Weaver, 2024 ; Klotz et al. , 2022 ). The absence of financial or other incentives minimises the chance of donors deliberately concealing information that may impact the quality and safety of their milk (i.e. drug, tobacco and alcohol use). Providing adequate support and accurate information to enable informed consent is vital to avoid exploitation of human milk donors and their infants ( Herson & Weaver, 2024 ). DHM is typically allocated based on the risk of morbidity and mortality, prioritising the smallest and sickest infants to avoid the potential health risks associated with formula use ( Israel-Ballard et al. , 2024 ). HMB should champion breastfeeding within their community and support lactation and continued breastfeeding while collecting, processing and distributing safe and high-quality DHM ( Herson & Weaver, 2024 ; Israel-Ballard et al. , 2024 ). It is important that DHM and HMB are integrated with the provision of comprehensive support for and promotion of exclusive breastfeeding. This involves providing lactation support services such as peer support groups, maternal health services referrals, and expression equipment. Supporting maternal lactation and breastfeeding also includes reducing the need for supplementary nutrition through avoiding separation of mother and child, promoting skin- to-skin care, and following the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund Baby Friendly Initiative recommendations for providing practical lactation and breastfeeding support ( Herson & Weaver, 2024 ). Providing this maternal lactation and breastfeeding support ensures the sustainability of DHM supply and demand ( Israel-Ballard et al. , 2024 ). Resources for establishing and integrating human milk banks are openly available online, including a toolkit to guide critical steps for establishing human milk banking as an integrated component within breastfeeding support and neonatal care ( PATH, 2025 ). These resources provide in-depth guidance on readiness, quality assurance, operations, auditing, training, monitoring and evaluation, and communications. In May 2024, the EU Council has adopted new rules aimed at improving the safety and quality of substances of human origin (SoHO). Building on this, the IMAGINE-HMB Project is an EU-funded initiative which aims to develop evidence-based guidelines that are aligned to the EU SoHO regulation and ensure the safety and quality of donor human milk (DHM). This project will assemble a multidisciplinary forum of experts to develop and launch a comprehensive plan to assist human milk banks in complying with technical and oversight standards, making the new guidelines accessible and actionable across diverse settings. In preparation for these projects, many systematic and scoping reviews have been conducted over the past 15–20 years. This umbrella review aims to synthesize evidence from systematic reviews in order to understand how human milk bank services have been developed and scaled at the national level in middle- and high-income countries. It will inform the co-design of an evidence framework cognisant of governance, quality and sustainability criteria for a proposed national milk banking resource network. A preliminary search for existing Umbrella Reviews on milk banking services was conducted using the Epistomonikos and PROSPERO databases and none were found. Objective The key objectives of this review are: To understand how human milk banks are defined in the literature. To identify how human milk banks have been funded, developed and scaled at the national level in middle- and high-income countries. To identify and compare organizational models (e.g., centralized, regionalized, decentralized, or federalized systems) used in the implementation of human milk banks. To understand the distribution/access models used for DHM and how they are impacted by DHM supply, including available guidelines and decision making of clinical staff. To explore the roles of key stakeholders (e.g., government agencies, hospitals, professional associations, donors and recipients) in supporting and sustaining milk bank networks. To examine common facilitators and barriers to the implementation of milk banks in diverse middle- and high-income contexts. Research questions The overarching research question for this review is: What is the current state of the art in the development and national-level implementation of human milk bank service, including operational models, implementation, and integration into healthcare systems? The specific research questions are: How have human milk banks been defined in the literature? How have human milk bank networks been funded, developed and scaled at the national level in middle- and high-income countries? What are the organizational models (e.g., centralized, regionalized, decentralized or federalized systems) used in the implementation of milk banks? What distribution/access models have been used for DHM and how are they impacted by DHM supply, available guidelines and decision making of clinical staff? What roles do key stakeholders (e.g., government agencies, hospitals, professional associations, donors and recipients) play in supporting and sustaining milk bank networks? What are the facilitators and barriers to the implementation of milk banks in diverse middle- and high-income contexts? Methods and analysis Design This review will follow the guidelines for umbrella reviews from the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis ( Aromataris & Munn, 2020 ). An umbrella review is a systematic review of existing systematic reviews ( Aromataris et al. , 2024 ). Given the large number of systematic reviews that are available, umbrella reviews are conducted to compare and contrast these published reviews ( Aromataris et al. , 2024 ). Umbrella reviews allow researchers to address a broad scope of issues related to a topic of interest- this umbrella review will provide an overall examination of a body of information available on developing and implementing a HMB in middle- or high-income countries. This will provide an exploration of the approaches taken internationally to inform the acceptability, development, implementation, and maintenance model of a national HMB. Inclusion criteria Systematic reviews of studies reporting on the development and implementation of a milk banking service in middle and high income counties. Reviews published in English since 2000 will be considered for inclusion. For the purposes of an Umbrella Review, the term “studies” will refer exclusively to syntheses of research evidence including systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Participants Prospective, current or past human milk donors; donor milk recipient families; staff working within HMB service. Phenomena of interest This review is focused on HMB service and the provision of donor human milk. Outcomes The acceptability, development, implementation, and maintenance of affordable, effective, efficient, safe and sustainable HMB service. Context/Setting Human milk banks or HMB service operating in any middle- and high-income country. Types of studies Existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses. All types of syntheses of research evidence will be included, including systematic reviews in their various forms (effectiveness, meta-aggregative, integrative, meta-synthesis etc.) and meta-analyses. Exclusion criteria Reviews that do not report on the development or implementation of a human milk bank service. Reviews not available in English. Reviews that do not focus on middle- and high-income countries. Search strategy A three- phase search process will be used to locate both published and unpublished reviews ( Aromataris et al. , 2024 ). An initial search was carried out on PubMed and CINAHL and Medline to identify articles on the topic. The initial keywords are informed by the Special Issue of Maternal and Child Nutrition Volume 20: Expert overview of critical focus areas towards the development of global human milk bank standards from July 2024. The keywords contained in the Special Issue were used to develop a full search strategy ( Table 1 and Table 2 ). The search strategy was reviewed by topic experts and knowledge users who are professionals in this are. Table 1. Developing the Search Strategy-. Search concepts Human Milk Bank Service Synthesis studies Search terms “donor milk” OR “milk bank*” OR “milkbank*” OR “human milk bank*” OR “donor human milk” OR “milk donation” OR “donor breastmilk” OR “donor breast milk” OR “human donor milk” OR “human milk donor” OR “Breast* milk bank*” OR "human milk shar*" OR "milk shar*" OR "milk kinship" OR "nurs* milk" OR "cross* milk" OR "milk sibling*" “systematic” OR “meta- analysis” OR “meta-aggregative” “integrative review” OR “meta-synthesis” Table 2. Search Strategy. Search Query #1 Title/Abstract: “donor milk” OR “milk bank*” OR “milkbank*” OR “human milk bank*” OR “donor human milk” OR “milk donation” OR “donor breastmilk” OR “donor breast milk” OR “human donor milk” OR “human milk donor” OR “Breast* milk bank*” OR "human milk shar*" OR "milk shar*" OR "milk kinship" OR "nurs* milk" OR "cross* milk" OR "milk sibling*" #2 Title/Abstract: “systematic” OR “meta- analysis” OR “meta-aggregative” “integrative review” OR “meta-synthesis” #3 #1 AND #2 Limits 2000-present Database-specific searches will be conducted for CINAHL (EBSCO), MEDLINE (EBSCO), PsycINFO (EBSCO), PubMed, and Embase (Ovid). Major repositories of systematic reviews will also be searched, namely JBI Evidence Synthesis, Epistemonikos, and the PROSPERO register. A grey literature search will be undertaken on Google scholar, BASE and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) website. The reference list of all included reviews will be searched. Date restrictions (2000-current) will be used. One full search has been included in this protocol ( Table 3 ). Table 3. Full Sample Search String for CINAHL. Search Query Records Retrieved #1 Title/Abstract: (MH "Donor Milk") OR (MH "Milk Banks") OR “milkbank*” OR “human milk bank*” OR “donor human milk” OR “milk donat*” OR “donor breastmilk” OR “donor breast milk” OR “human donor milk” OR “human milk donor” OR “Breast* milk bank*” OR "human milk shar*" OR "milk shar*" OR "milk kinship" OR "nurs* milk" OR "cross* milk" OR "milk sibling*" 1,222 #2 Title/Abstract: (MM "Systematic Review") OR "systematic" OR (MM "Meta Analysis") OR "Meta- analysis" OR "meta analysis" OR “meta-aggregative” “integrative” OR “meta-synthesis” 269,543 #3 #1 AND #2 48 Limits 2000-present Screening All identified articles will be uploaded to Covidence. Duplicates will be removed. Title and abstracts of the remaining articles will be screened by two independent reviewers. The full text of all articles that meet the inclusion criteria will then be reviewed and screened by two independent reviewers on Covidence. If there are any disagreements between reviewers during the screening process, a third reviewer will assess the relevant records, and consensus will be reached on eligibility through discussion. Reasons for article exclusion will be reported. Results of the screening process will be presented in a PRISMA flow diagram ( Tricco et al. , 2018 ). Data extraction Two independent reviewers will conduct data extraction. A data extraction template based on the standardised JBI data extraction tools will be used. This template will be adapted to align with the review objectives and research questions ( Table 4 ). It will be piloted and revised, if needed, before use. The following categories will be included in the data extraction tool; author, year, country, type of evidence source, study aim and objectives, participants, context, HMB service type, approach to HMB service development, HMB service organisational model, role of key stakeholders, implementation facilitators and barriers. Any disagreements between reviewers will be resolved through discussion or with a third reviewer. If necessary, authors of papers will be contacted to request missing or additional information. Table 4. Data Extraction Instrument. Author/ Year Objectives Participants (characteristics/ total number) Setting/ context Search details (sources searched/ date range/ number studies included) Study appraisal rating HMB service type/model- including distribution/ access models Role of key stakeholders – Governance and Personnel? Development/ Implementation process, facilitators and barriers Funding source/ type Factors impacting Sustainability (including acceptability) and Maintenance of HMB Donor Experience Data analysis All extracted data will be mapped and summarised according to the aims and objectives of this review. All included systematic reviews will be summarised based on the studies’ characteristics, including the year, study aim and objectives, participants, context and HMB characteristics. Narrative summaries will outline characteristics of HMBs, including organizational models used; roles of key stakeholders; facilitators and barriers to development and implementation. This information will be analysed to build our understanding of the current state of the art in human milk banking services. Data will be presented graphically using figures and tables which will be accompanies by narrative summaries to explain the results presented. We will adopt a reflexive approach throughout the review process. This will involve reviewers engaging in critical reflection throughout all the stages outlines above, namely study screening, data extraction, and interpretation of the finding. They will be conscious of the potential biases inherent in the synthesis process and will disclose their perspectives, decisions made during the review process, and how these may influence findings in the final report where relevant. These processes will be reported in a reflexive statement to provide a richer understanding of the decisions and interpretation that influenced the review findings. Quality assessment The JBI critical appraisal instrument for Systematic reviews and Research Syntheses will be used to assess the quality of all included studies. Data summary A narrative synthesis will be presented to summarise the range of over-arching structures, processes and approaches employed internationally to support the development and implementation of a HMB service. The results of the review will inform the co-design of a framework for a national human milk bank service. Any overlaps of original research studies in each of the included research syntheses will be clearly indicated in the review findings. Ethics and consent Ethics and consent were not required Data availability statement PRISMA-P Checklist: Available on Zenodo under CC0 license. DOI. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15624176 ( O’Donovan, 2025 ) No other data are associated with this article. Faculty Opinions recommended References Aromataris E, Fernandez R, Godfrey C, et al. : Umbrella reviews. In: JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. JBI, 2024. Publisher Full Text Aromataris E, Munn Z, eds.: JBI manual for evidence synthesis. JBI, 2020. Cleminson JS, Zalewski SP, Embleton ND: Nutrition in the preterm infant: what’s new? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2016; 19 (3): 220–225. PubMed Abstract Corpeleijn WE, Kouwenhoven SMP, Paap MC, et al. : Intake of own mother’s milk during the first days of life is associated with decreased morbidity and mortality in very low birth weight infants during the first 60 days of life. Neonatology. 2012; 102 (4): 276–281. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text Herson M, Weaver G: A comparative review of human milk banking and national tissue banking programs. Matern Child Nutr. 2024; 20 Suppl 4 (Suppl 4): e13584. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text Human Milk Bank Global Map: Human milk bank global map tableau. 2019. Reference Source Israel‐Ballard K, LaRose E, Mansen K: The global status of human milk banking. Matern Child Nutr. 2024; 20 Suppl 4 (Suppl 4): e13592. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text Klotz D, Wesołowska A, Bertino E, et al. : The legislative framework of donor human milk and human milk banking in Europe. Matern Child Nutr. 2022; 18 (2): e13310. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text Lapidaire W, Lucas A, Clayden JD, et al. : Human milk feeding and cognitive outcome in preterm infants: the role of infection and NEC reduction. Pediatr Res. 2022; 91 (5): 1207–1214. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text Lucas A, Cole TJ: Breast milk and neonatal necrotising enterocolitis. Lancet. 1990; 336 (8730–8731): 1519–1523. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text Meinzen-Derr J, Poindexter B, Wrage L, et al. : Role of human milk in extremely low birth weight infants’ risk of necrotizing enterocolitis or death. J Perinatol. 2009; 29 (1): 57–62. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text Ong ML, Belfort MB: Preterm infant nutrition and growth with a human milk diet. Semin Perinatol. 2021; 45 (2): 151383. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text O'Donovan R: HMB_Umbrella_Protocol_PRISMA-P-SystRev-checklist. Zenodo. 2025. http://www.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15624176 PATH: Strengthening human milk banking: a resource toolkit for establishing & integrating human milk bank programs—a global implementation framework. 2019a. Reference Source PATH: Strengthening human milk banking: a resources toolkit for establishing and integrating human milk bank programs—a training curriculum template for hospital and human milk bank staff. 2019b. PATH: Strengthening Human Milk Banking. 2025. Reference Source Quigley M, Embleton ND, Meader N, et al. : Donor human milk for preventing necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low-birthweight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024; 9 (9): CD002971. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text | Free Full Text Sisk PM, Lovelady CA, Dillard RG, et al. : Early human milk feeding is associated with a lower risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants. J Perinatol. 2007; 27 (7): 428–433. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, et al. : PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018; 169 (7): 467–473. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text Tudehope DI: Human milk and the nutritional needs of preterm infants. J Pediatr. 2013; 162 (3 Suppl): S17–S25. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text Victora CG, Bahl R, Barros AJD, et al. : Breastfeeding in the 21st century: epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect. Lancet. 2016; 387 (10017): 475–490. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text World Health Organization: WHO recommendations for care of the preterm or low‐birth‐weight Infant. 2022. PubMed Abstract World Health Organzation: Guidelines on optimal feeding of low birth weight infants in low‐ and middle‐income countries. 2011. PubMed Abstract Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 3 VERSION 3 PUBLISHED 19 Jun 2025 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment Author details Author details 1 University College Cork School of Nursing and Midwifery, Cork, County Cork, Ireland 2 La Leche League International, Dublin, Ireland 3 Western Health & Social Care Trust, Londonderry, UK 4 Human Milk Foundation, Hertfordshire, UK Roisin O'Donovan Roles: Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project Administration, Visualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Aoife Long Roles: Conceptualization, Methodology, Project Administration, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Elaine Lehane Roles: Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project Administration, Supervision, Writing – Review & Editing Helen Mulcahy Roles: Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – Review & Editing Siobhan Ward Roles: Writing – Review & Editing Margaret Murphy Roles: Writing – Review & Editing Susan Rogers Roles: Writing – Review & Editing Gillian Weaver Roles: Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – Review & Editing Patricia Leahy-Warren Roles: Conceptualization, Methodology, Project Administration, Supervision, Writing – Review & Editing Competing interests Gillian Weaver has no commercial or corporate conflicts of interest in this area. However, she would like to declare her role as co-founder of a non profit human milk bank- Human Milk Foundation. All other authors have no conflict of interest to declare. Grant information Health Research Board -APRO-2023-015 The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Article Versions (3) version 3 Revised Published: 10 Dec 2025, 8:69 https://doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.14180.3 version 2 Revised Published: 28 Aug 2025, 8:69 https://doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.14180.2 version 1 Published: 19 Jun 2025, 8:69 https://doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.14180.1 Copyright © 2025 O'Donovan R et al . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Download Export To Sciwheel Bibtex EndNote ProCite Ref. Manager (RIS) Sente metrics VIEWS $counts.viewCount downloads Citations open_in_new 0 open_in_new 0 open_in_new SEE MORE DETAILS CITE how to cite this article O'Donovan R, Long A, Lehane E et al. Human milk banking services: An umbrella review protocol [version 1; peer review: 1 approved] . HRB Open Res 2025, 8 :69 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.14180.1 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS track receive updates on this article Track an article to receive email alerts on any updates to this article. TRACK THIS ARTICLE Share Open Peer Review Current Reviewer Status: ? Key to Reviewer Statuses VIEW HIDE Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 19 Jun 2025 Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Li T. Reviewer Report For: Human milk banking services: An umbrella review protocol [version 1; peer review: 1 approved] . HRB Open Res 2025, 8 :69 ( https://doi.org/10.21956/hrbopenres.15595.r47944 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://hrbopenresearch.org/articles/8-69/v1#referee-response-47944 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 14 Aug 2025 Tengfei Li , University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.21956/hrbopenres.15595.r47944 The authors present a well-structured umbrella-review protocol that first supplies a clear, evidence-based rationale for studying human-milk-bank services, then lays out objectives, review questions and methods that follow JBI guidance. The planned search strategy—combining controlled vocabulary, proximity operators and grey-literature ... Continue reading READ ALL The authors present a well-structured umbrella-review protocol that first supplies a clear, evidence-based rationale for studying human-milk-bank services, then lays out objectives, review questions and methods that follow JBI guidance. The planned search strategy—combining controlled vocabulary, proximity operators and grey-literature limits—and the accompanying data-extraction template together form a sound, transparent framework for identifying and synthesising relevant systematic reviews. I have some suggestions: 1) Several phrases ( “milk sibling” , “milk shar ”*) may retrieve much informal sharing literature unrelated to formal HMB services; consider keeping them only if scoping showed they appear in titles of relevant reviews. 2) specify screening depth (e.g. first 200 results sorted by relevance OR by year) to maintain reproducibility. 3) Expanding the extraction sheet with income tier and review-type fields will help organise results for the specific questions you posed. Your research questions explicitly compare middle- vs. high-income countries and will likely observe differences across review designs (systematic, scoping, qualitative meta-synthesis). Adding two columns "income tier" and "review type" to Table 4 makes it easy to sort data later. Author Year Country Income tier Review type… other There are some minor issues: 1) “World Health Organzation”, or should it be “Organization”? 2) "high-income counties" or "countries" ? 3) “HMB require operational sustainability”, or “HMB requires”. Is the rationale for, and objectives of, the study clearly described? Yes Is the study design appropriate for the research question? Yes Are sufficient details of the methods provided to allow replication by others? Yes Are the datasets clearly presented in a useable and accessible format? Partly Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Statistics; biostatistics; machine learning; imaging genetics analyses I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Li T. Reviewer Report For: Human milk banking services: An umbrella review protocol [version 1; peer review: 1 approved] . HRB Open Res 2025, 8 :69 ( https://doi.org/10.21956/hrbopenres.15595.r47944 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://hrbopenresearch.org/articles/8-69/v1#referee-response-47944 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Author Response 18 Sep 2025 Roisin O'Donovan , University College Cork School of Nursing and Midwifery, Cork, Ireland 18 Sep 2025 Author Response Thank you for your review and feedback on our Umbrella Review protocol. In response to your suggestions: 1) We have kept our original search strategy as scoping searches found they ... Continue reading Thank you for your review and feedback on our Umbrella Review protocol. In response to your suggestions: 1) We have kept our original search strategy as scoping searches found they appeared in some relevant titles. 2) We have now specified that the depth of screening for Google Scholar was the first 100 results, sorted by relevance. All identified items were screening for the other databases. 3) We have added “review type” to Table 4. However, once we completed screening for this review, it was clear that it would not be possible to filter reviews by country. Identified reviews included studies conducted in both high and low-and-middle-income countries or did not clearly report the countries for individual studies. Considering the goal of an Umbrella Review is to summarize or synthesize the findings of systematic reviews, and not individual studies, we did not exclude studies or findings from lower-income countries. Therefore, our results are not restricted to middle- and high income countries, as originally planned in our study protocol. Minor issues: We have now corrected each of these typos in the updated version of our protocol. Thank you for your review and feedback on our Umbrella Review protocol. In response to your suggestions: 1) We have kept our original search strategy as scoping searches found they appeared in some relevant titles. 2) We have now specified that the depth of screening for Google Scholar was the first 100 results, sorted by relevance. All identified items were screening for the other databases. 3) We have added “review type” to Table 4. However, once we completed screening for this review, it was clear that it would not be possible to filter reviews by country. Identified reviews included studies conducted in both high and low-and-middle-income countries or did not clearly report the countries for individual studies. Considering the goal of an Umbrella Review is to summarize or synthesize the findings of systematic reviews, and not individual studies, we did not exclude studies or findings from lower-income countries. Therefore, our results are not restricted to middle- and high income countries, as originally planned in our study protocol. Minor issues: We have now corrected each of these typos in the updated version of our protocol. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENTS ON THIS REPORT Author Response 18 Sep 2025 Roisin O'Donovan , University College Cork School of Nursing and Midwifery, Cork, Ireland 18 Sep 2025 Author Response Thank you for your review and feedback on our Umbrella Review protocol. In response to your suggestions: 1) We have kept our original search strategy as scoping searches found they ... Continue reading Thank you for your review and feedback on our Umbrella Review protocol. In response to your suggestions: 1) We have kept our original search strategy as scoping searches found they appeared in some relevant titles. 2) We have now specified that the depth of screening for Google Scholar was the first 100 results, sorted by relevance. All identified items were screening for the other databases. 3) We have added “review type” to Table 4. However, once we completed screening for this review, it was clear that it would not be possible to filter reviews by country. Identified reviews included studies conducted in both high and low-and-middle-income countries or did not clearly report the countries for individual studies. Considering the goal of an Umbrella Review is to summarize or synthesize the findings of systematic reviews, and not individual studies, we did not exclude studies or findings from lower-income countries. Therefore, our results are not restricted to middle- and high income countries, as originally planned in our study protocol. Minor issues: We have now corrected each of these typos in the updated version of our protocol. Thank you for your review and feedback on our Umbrella Review protocol. In response to your suggestions: 1) We have kept our original search strategy as scoping searches found they appeared in some relevant titles. 2) We have now specified that the depth of screening for Google Scholar was the first 100 results, sorted by relevance. All identified items were screening for the other databases. 3) We have added “review type” to Table 4. However, once we completed screening for this review, it was clear that it would not be possible to filter reviews by country. Identified reviews included studies conducted in both high and low-and-middle-income countries or did not clearly report the countries for individual studies. Considering the goal of an Umbrella Review is to summarize or synthesize the findings of systematic reviews, and not individual studies, we did not exclude studies or findings from lower-income countries. Therefore, our results are not restricted to middle- and high income countries, as originally planned in our study protocol. Minor issues: We have now corrected each of these typos in the updated version of our protocol. Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Close Report a concern COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 3 VERSION 3 PUBLISHED 19 Jun 2025 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment keyboard_arrow_left keyboard_arrow_right Open Peer Review Reviewer Status info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Reviewer Reports Invited Reviewers 1 2 3 Version 3 (revision) 10 Dec 25 read Version 2 (revision) 28 Aug 25 read read Version 1 19 Jun 25 read Tengfei Li , University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA Gulustan Ozturk , University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, USA Aleksandra Purkiewicz , University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland Comments on this article All Comments (0) Add a comment Sign up for content alerts Sign Up You are now signed up to receive this alert keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2026 Purkiewicz A. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 07 Jan 2026 | for Version 3 Aleksandra Purkiewicz , University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland 0 Views copyright © 2026 Purkiewicz A. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions The presented umbrella review covers an important global issue concerning infant nutrition and breastfeeding. The structure of the paper is appropriate. I have only a few minor comments, which I would like the authors to address: World Health Organization instead of World Health Organisation in the abstract. Abstract - Introduction – add the abbreviation World Health Organization in brackets – (WHO). In the introduction, please indicate how widespread the use of Donor Human Milk is worldwide. Please consider presenting a search strategy in the figure, indicating how many articles were found, how many were excluded, and how many were included in the analysis. Visualizing the figure may help the reader understand the methodology used by the authors. Is the rationale for, and objectives of, the study clearly described? Yes Is the study design appropriate for the research question? Yes Are sufficient details of the methods provided to allow replication by others? Yes Are the datasets clearly presented in a useable and accessible format? Yes Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise human milk quality, food science I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Purkiewicz A. Peer Review Report For: Human milk banking services: An umbrella review protocol [version 1; peer review: 1 approved] . HRB Open Res 2025, 8 :69 ( https://doi.org/10.21956/hrbopenres.15749.r52184) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://hrbopenresearch.org/articles/8-69/v3#referee-response-52184 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Ozturk G. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 22 Nov 2025 | for Version 2 Gulustan Ozturk , University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, USA 0 Views copyright © 2025 Ozturk G. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (1) Approved With Reservations info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions This revised umbrella review protocol is well-conceived, timely, and highly relevant to global neonatal nutrition and maternal–child health. The manuscript demonstrates strong alignment with international priorities and fills an evident gap in systematically synthesizing evidence on human milk banking (HMB) implementation models. The revision clearly addresses earlier reviewer feedback and strengthens methodological transparency. Overall, the paper is well written and scientifically sound, with only minor recommendations for refinement. The revised protocol notes that reviews, including studies from low-income countries, were retained because country-level details were often unclear. The authors may wish to clarify how they plan to handle and interpret findings from diverse income settings—e.g., whether these will be reported separately or integrated narratively. Table 4: The data extraction criteria are thorough and well aligned with JBI guidance. However, adding a few contextual and methodological fields could enhance the depth and transparency of the final synthesis—specifically: country or region , review methodology type , and key outcomes or recommendations . These additions would allow more meaningful cross-context comparisons and strengthen the interpretation of facilitators, barriers, and sustainability factors. Since the review’s output aims to inform national resource design, a brief statement on how stakeholders (e.g., clinicians, policymakers, milk bank managers) will be engaged in interpreting findings would improve impact and transparency. Because umbrella reviews often include overlapping primary studies across systematic reviews, the authors should clarify how they will identify and manage overlap—for example, by constructing a citation matrix. This will ensure that evidence is not double-counted and that synthesis remains transparent. ​​​​Standardize terminology: use “human milk banking (HMB)” consistently throughout. Check table formatting and ensure search strings (Tables 1–3) are complete and reproducible. Minor typographical edits (spacing, capitalization of “Human Milk Bank,” etc.). Accept with minor revisions — The protocol is comprehensive, well structured, and methodologically rigorous. Addressing the points above will further strengthen transparency and analytical depth. Is the rationale for, and objectives of, the study clearly described? Yes Is the study design appropriate for the research question? Yes Are sufficient details of the methods provided to allow replication by others? Yes Are the datasets clearly presented in a useable and accessible format? Yes Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise dairy processing, dairy, bovine milk, milk bioactives, human milk, human milk procesing, I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard, however I have significant reservations, as outlined above. reply Respond to this report Responses (1) Author Response 10 Dec 2025 Roisin O'Donovan, University College Cork School of Nursing and Midwifery, Cork, Ireland Dear reviewer, Thank you for taking the time to review our protocol, please see response to your helpful comments below: Findings from reviews that included diverse income setting will be integrated narratively unless clearly separated in the original reviews. Thank you for your suggested additions to our data extraction template. To clarity, 1) country or region will be included under the setting/context setting category; 2) Review methodology type will be included within the “review type” category 3) relevant outcomes or recommendations related to each category included along with results. We have now added a statement on how stakeholders will be engaged in interpreting findings to our data summary section. We have now added a statement to our data analysis section explaining how overlap in studies will be managed and reported. We have reviewed and updated all identified terminology and formatting issues. We use the acronym HMB to refer to a human milk bank and we use the full term “human milk banking” where relevant. View more View less Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. reply Respond Report a concern Ozturk G. Peer Review Report For: Human milk banking services: An umbrella review protocol [version 1; peer review: 1 approved] . HRB Open Res 2025, 8 :69 ( https://doi.org/10.21956/hrbopenres.15661.r50755) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://hrbopenresearch.org/articles/8-69/v2#referee-response-50755 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Li T. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 03 Sep 2025 | for Version 2 Tengfei Li , University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA 0 Views copyright © 2025 Li T. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions My comments were all addressed. I have no other concerns Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Statistics; biostatistics; machine learning; imaging genetics analyses I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Li T. Peer Review Report For: Human milk banking services: An umbrella review protocol [version 1; peer review: 1 approved] . HRB Open Res 2025, 8 :69 ( https://doi.org/10.21956/hrbopenres.15661.r49426) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://hrbopenresearch.org/articles/8-69/v2#referee-response-49426 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2025 Li T. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 14 Aug 2025 | for Version 1 Tengfei Li , University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA 0 Views copyright © 2025 Li T. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (1) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions The authors present a well-structured umbrella-review protocol that first supplies a clear, evidence-based rationale for studying human-milk-bank services, then lays out objectives, review questions and methods that follow JBI guidance. The planned search strategy—combining controlled vocabulary, proximity operators and grey-literature limits—and the accompanying data-extraction template together form a sound, transparent framework for identifying and synthesising relevant systematic reviews. I have some suggestions: 1) Several phrases ( “milk sibling” , “milk shar ”*) may retrieve much informal sharing literature unrelated to formal HMB services; consider keeping them only if scoping showed they appear in titles of relevant reviews. 2) specify screening depth (e.g. first 200 results sorted by relevance OR by year) to maintain reproducibility. 3) Expanding the extraction sheet with income tier and review-type fields will help organise results for the specific questions you posed. Your research questions explicitly compare middle- vs. high-income countries and will likely observe differences across review designs (systematic, scoping, qualitative meta-synthesis). Adding two columns "income tier" and "review type" to Table 4 makes it easy to sort data later. Author Year Country Income tier Review type… other There are some minor issues: 1) “World Health Organzation”, or should it be “Organization”? 2) "high-income counties" or "countries" ? 3) “HMB require operational sustainability”, or “HMB requires”. Is the rationale for, and objectives of, the study clearly described? Yes Is the study design appropriate for the research question? Yes Are sufficient details of the methods provided to allow replication by others? Yes Are the datasets clearly presented in a useable and accessible format? Partly Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Statistics; biostatistics; machine learning; imaging genetics analyses I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (1) Author Response 18 Sep 2025 Roisin O'Donovan, University College Cork School of Nursing and Midwifery, Cork, Ireland Thank you for your review and feedback on our Umbrella Review protocol. In response to your suggestions: 1) We have kept our original search strategy as scoping searches found they appeared in some relevant titles. 2) We have now specified that the depth of screening for Google Scholar was the first 100 results, sorted by relevance. All identified items were screening for the other databases. 3) We have added “review type” to Table 4. However, once we completed screening for this review, it was clear that it would not be possible to filter reviews by country. Identified reviews included studies conducted in both high and low-and-middle-income countries or did not clearly report the countries for individual studies. Considering the goal of an Umbrella Review is to summarize or synthesize the findings of systematic reviews, and not individual studies, we did not exclude studies or findings from lower-income countries. Therefore, our results are not restricted to middle- and high income countries, as originally planned in our study protocol. Minor issues: We have now corrected each of these typos in the updated version of our protocol. View more View less Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. reply Respond Report a concern Li T. Peer Review Report For: Human milk banking services: An umbrella review protocol [version 1; peer review: 1 approved] . HRB Open Res 2025, 8 :69 ( https://doi.org/10.21956/hrbopenres.15595.r47944) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://hrbopenresearch.org/articles/8-69/v1#referee-response-47944 Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved - the paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations - A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved - fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Adjust parameters to alter display View on desktop for interactive features Includes Interactive Elements View on desktop for interactive features Competing Interests Policy Provide sufficient details of any financial or non-financial competing interests to enable users to assess whether your comments might lead a reasonable person to question your impartiality. Consider the following examples, but note that this is not an exhaustive list: Examples of 'Non-Financial Competing Interests' Within the past 4 years, you have held joint grants, published or collaborated with any of the authors of the selected paper. You have a close personal relationship (e.g. parent, spouse, sibling, or domestic partner) with any of the authors. You are a close professional associate of any of the authors (e.g. scientific mentor, recent student). You work at the same institute as any of the authors. You hope/expect to benefit (e.g. favour or employment) as a result of your submission. You are an Editor for the journal in which the article is published. Examples of 'Financial Competing Interests' You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, any of the following from any commercial organisation that may gain financially from your submission: a salary, fees, funding, reimbursements. You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, shared grant support or other funding with any of the authors. You hold, or are currently applying for, any patents or significant stocks/shares relating to the subject matter of the paper you are commenting on. Stay Updated Sign up for content alerts and receive a weekly or monthly email with all newly published articles Register with HRB Open Research Already registered? Sign in Not now, thanks close PLEASE NOTE If you are an AUTHOR of this article, please check that you signed in with the account associated with this article otherwise we cannot automatically identify your role as an author and your comment will be labelled as a “User Comment”. If you are a REVIEWER of this article, please check that you have signed in with the account associated with this article and then go to your account to submit your report, please do not post your review here. If you do not have access to your original account, please contact us . All commenters must hold a formal affiliation as per our Policies . The information that you give us will be displayed next to your comment. User comments must be in English, comprehensible and relevant to the article under discussion. We reserve the right to remove any comments that we consider to be inappropriate, offensive or otherwise in breach of the User Comment Terms and Conditions . Commenters must not use a comment for personal attacks. When criticisms of the article are based on unpublished data, the data should be made available. I accept the User Comment Terms and Conditions Please confirm that you accept the User Comment Terms and Conditions. Affiliation ✕ refresh Please enter your institution. Note: To add your institution or organisation, start typing the name and then select the correct name from the list. Where applicable, the name will appear in both the original language and in English. Do not paste in the name. If the name does not appear in the drop-down list, we will display the information you have entered. ✕ refresh Country/Region * USA UK Canada China France Germany Afghanistan Aland Islands Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British Indian Ocean Territory British Virgin Islands Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Falkland Islands Faroe Islands Federated States of Micronesia Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia French Southern Territories Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Gibraltar Greece Greenland Grenada Guadeloupe Guam Guatemala Guernsey Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Heard Island and Mcdonald Islands Holy See (Vatican City State) Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jersey Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kosovo (Serbia and Montenegro) Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macao Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Martinique Mauritania Mauritius Mayotte Mexico Minor Outlying Islands of the United States Moldova Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Montserrat Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands Antilles New Caledonia New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norfolk Island North Korea North Macedonia Northern Mariana Islands Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Palestinian Territory Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Pitcairn Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Qatar Reunion Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Helena Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Georgia and the South Sandwich Is South Korea South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Svalbard and Jan Mayen Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syria Taiwan Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand The Gambia The Netherlands Timor-Leste Togo Tokelau Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Turks and Caicos Islands Tuvalu UK USA Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United States Virgin Islands Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela Vietnam Wallis and Futuna West Bank and Gaza Strip Western Sahara Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe Please select your country/region. You must enter a comment. Competing Interests Please disclose any competing interests that might be construed to influence your judgment of the article's or peer review report's validity or importance. Competing Interests Policy Provide sufficient details of any financial or non-financial competing interests to enable users to assess whether your comments might lead a reasonable person to question your impartiality. Consider the following examples, but note that this is not an exhaustive list: Examples of 'Non-Financial Competing Interests' Within the past 4 years, you have held joint grants, published or collaborated with any of the authors of the selected paper. You have a close personal relationship (e.g. parent, spouse, sibling, or domestic partner) with any of the authors. You are a close professional associate of any of the authors (e.g. scientific mentor, recent student). You work at the same institute as any of the authors. You hope/expect to benefit (e.g. favour or employment) as a result of your submission. You are an Editor for the journal in which the article is published. Examples of 'Financial Competing Interests' You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, any of the following from any commercial organisation that may gain financially from your submission: a salary, fees, funding, reimbursements. You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, shared grant support or other funding with any of the authors. You hold, or are currently applying for, any patents or significant stocks/shares relating to the subject matter of the paper you are commenting on. Please state your competing interests The comment has been saved. An error has occurred. Please try again. Cancel Post var lTitle = "Human milk banking services: An umbrella...".replace("'", ''); var linkedInUrl = "http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=https://hrbopenresearch.org/articles/8-69/v1" + "&title=" + encodeURIComponent(lTitle) + "&summary=" + encodeURIComponent('Read the article by '); var deliciousUrl = "https://del.icio.us/post?url=https://hrbopenresearch.org/articles/8-69/v1&title=" + encodeURIComponent(lTitle); var redditUrl = "http://reddit.com/submit?url=https://hrbopenresearch.org/articles/8-69/v1" + "&title=" + encodeURIComponent(lTitle); linkedInUrl += encodeURIComponent('O'Donovan R et al.'); var offsetTop = /chrome/i.test( navigator.userAgent ) ? 4 : -10; var addthis_config = { ui_offset_top: offsetTop, services_compact : "facebook,twitter,www.linkedin.com,www.mendeley.com,reddit.com", services_expanded : "facebook,twitter,www.linkedin.com,www.mendeley.com,reddit.com", services_custom : [ { name: "LinkedIn", url: linkedInUrl, icon:"/img/icon/at_linkedin.svg" }, { name: "Mendeley", url: "http://www.mendeley.com/import/?url=https://hrbopenresearch.org/articles/8-69/v1/mendeley", icon:"/img/icon/at_mendeley.svg" }, { name: "Reddit", url: redditUrl, icon:"/img/icon/at_reddit.svg" }, ] }; var addthis_share = { url: "https://hrbopenresearch.org/articles/8-69", templates : { twitter : "Human milk banking services: An umbrella review protocol. O'Donovan R et al., published by " + "@HRBOpenRes" + ", https://hrbopenresearch.org/articles/8-69/v1" } }; if (typeof(addthis) != "undefined"){ addthis.addEventListener('addthis.ready', checkCount); addthis.addEventListener('addthis.menu.share', checkCount); } $(".f1r-shares-twitter").attr("href", "https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=" + addthis_share.templates.twitter); $(".f1r-shares-facebook").attr("href", "https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=" + addthis_share.url); $(".f1r-shares-linkedin").attr("href", addthis_config.services_custom[0].url); $(".f1r-shares-reddit").attr("href", addthis_config.services_custom[2].url); $(".f1r-shares-mendelay").attr("href", addthis_config.services_custom[1].url); function checkCount(){ setTimeout(function(){ $(".addthis_button_expanded").each(function(){ var count = $(this).text(); if (count !== "" && count != "0") $(this).removeClass("is-hidden"); else $(this).addClass("is-hidden"); }); }, 1000); } close How to cite this report {{reportCitation}} Cancel Copy Citation Details $(function(){R.ui.buttonDropdowns('.dropdown-for-downloads');}); $(function(){R.ui.toolbarDropdowns('.toolbar-dropdown-for-downloads');}); $.get("/articles/acj/14180/15595") new F1000.Clipboard(); new F1000.ThesaurusTermsDisplay("articles", "article", "15595"); $(document).ready(function() { $( "#frame1" ).on('load', function() { var mydiv = $(this).contents().find("div"); var h = mydiv.height(); console.log(h) }); var tooltipLivingFigure = jQuery(".interactive-living-figure-label .icon-more-info"), titleLivingFigure = tooltipLivingFigure.attr("title"); tooltipLivingFigure.simpletip({ fixed: true, position: ["-115", "30"], baseClass: 'small-tooltip', content:titleLivingFigure + " " }); tooltipLivingFigure.removeAttr("title"); $("body").on("click", ".cite-living-figure", function(e) { e.preventDefault(); var ref = $(this).attr("data-ref"); $(this).closest(".living-figure-list-container").find("#" + ref).fadeIn(200); }); $("body").on("click", ".close-cite-living-figure", function(e) { e.preventDefault(); $(this).closest(".popup-window-wrapper").fadeOut(200); }); $(document).on("mouseup", function(e) { var metricsContainer = $(".article-metrics-popover-wrapper"); if (!metricsContainer.is(e.target) && metricsContainer.has(e.target).length === 0) { $(".article-metrics-close-button").click(); } }); var articleId = $('#articleId').val(); if($("#main-article-count-box").attachArticleMetrics) { $("#main-article-count-box").attachArticleMetrics(articleId, { articleMetricsView: true }); } }); var figshareWidget = $(".new_figshare_widget"); if (figshareWidget.length > 0) { window.figshare.load("f1000", function(Widget) { // Select a tag/tags defined in your page. In this tag we will place the widget. _.map(figshareWidget, function(el){ var widget = new Widget({ articleId: $(el).attr("figshare_articleId") //height:300 // this is the height of the viewer part. [Default: 550] }); widget.initialize(); // initialize the widget widget.mount(el); // mount it in a tag that's on your page // this will save the widget on the global scope for later use from // your JS scripts. This line is optional. //window.widget = widget; }); }); } close Error Close Add Reset F1000.MICROSERVICES.AFFILIATION = ''; $(document).ready(function () { $('.js-affiliations-form').each((index, form) => { new AffiliationForm({ formId: form.id, institutionErrorSelector: '.comment-enter-institution', departmentErrorSelector: '.comment-enter-department', placeSelector: '.js-add-comment-place', stateSelector: '.js-add-comment-state', zipCodeSelector: '.js-add-comment-zipcode', countrySelector: '.js-add-comment-country', countryErrorSelector: '.comment-enter-country', }); }); }); $(document).ready(function () { var reportIds = { "49920": 0, "49921": 0, "49922": 0, "49923": 0, "49924": 0, "49925": 0, "49426": 12, "49190": 0, "49191": 0, "49192": 0, "49193": 0, "49194": 0, "49195": 0, "49196": 0, "49197": 0, "49198": 0, "49199": 0, "50233": 0, "50234": 0, "50235": 0, "50236": 0, "50237": 0, "50238": 0, "47935": 0, "50239": 0, "50751": 0, "47936": 0, "50240": 0, "50752": 0, "47937": 0, "50241": 0, "50753": 0, "47938": 0, "50242": 0, "50754": 0, "47939": 0, "50755": 11, "47940": 0, "50756": 0, "47941": 0, "48453": 0, "50757": 0, "47942": 0, "48454": 0, "50758": 0, "47943": 0, "48455": 0, "50759": 0, "48456": 0, "47944": 17, "50760": 0, "48457": 0, "48458": 0, "48459": 0, "48460": 0, "48461": 0, "48462": 0, "49486": 0, "49487": 0, "49488": 0, "49489": 0, "49490": 0, "49491": 0, "49492": 0, "49493": 0, "49494": 0, "49495": 0, "48218": 0, "48219": 0, "48220": 0, "48221": 0, "48222": 0, "48223": 0, "48224": 0, "48225": 0, "48226": 0, "48227": 0, "52090": 0, "52091": 0, "50568": 0, "50569": 0, "50570": 0, "50571": 0, "50572": 0, "50573": 0, "50574": 0, "50575": 0, "50576": 0, "50577": 0, "52183": 0, "52184": 4, "52185": 0, "52186": 0, "52187": 0, "52188": 0, "52189": 0, "52190": 0, "52191": 0, "48096": 0, "52192": 0, "48097": 0, "48098": 0, "48099": 0, "48100": 0, "48101": 0, "48102": 0, "48103": 0, "48104": 0, "48105": 0, "51435": 0, "51436": 0, "51437": 0, "51181": 0, "51438": 0, "51182": 0, "51439": 0, "51183": 0, "51440": 0, "51184": 0, "51441": 0, "51185": 0, "51442": 0, "51186": 0, "51443": 0, "51187": 0, "51444": 0, "51188": 0, "51189": 0, "51190": 0, "49916": 0, "49917": 0, "49918": 0, "49919": 0, }; $(".referee-response-container,.js-referee-report").each(function(index, el) { var reportId = $(el).attr("data-reportid"), reportCount = reportIds[reportId] || 0; $(el).find(".comments-count-container,.js-referee-report-views").html(reportCount); }); var uuidInput = $("#article_uuid"), oldUUId = uuidInput.val(), newUUId = "c4b95057-0764-42bc-bde4-17308b36f723"; uuidInput.val(newUUId); $("a[href*='article_uuid=']").each(function(index, el) { var newHref = $(el).attr("href").replace(oldUUId, newUUId); $(el).attr("href", newHref); }); }); Are you a HRB-funded researcher? Submission to HRB Open Research is open to all HRB grantholders or people working on a HRB-funded/co-funded grant on or since 1 January 2017. Sign up for information about developments, publishing and publications from HRB Open Research. First Name * You must provide your first name Last Name * You must provide your last name Email * You must provide a valid email address Institution You must provide an institution. Submit Thank you! We'll keep you updated on any major new updates to HRB Open Research HRB Open Research Browse How to Publish About Contact RSS Cookie Notice Privacy Notice Legal Submit Your Research © F1000 Research Limited and its licensors ISSN 2515-4826 | Legal background var F1000platform = new F1000.Platform({ name: "hrb", displayName: "HRB Open Research", hostName: "hrbopenresearch.org", id: "5", editorialEmail: "[email protected]", infoEmail: "[email protected]" }); Sign In Remember me Forgotten your password? Sign In Cancel Email or password not correct. Please try again Please wait... $(function(){ // Note: All the setup needs to run against a name attribute and *not* the id due the clonish // nature of facebox... $("a[id=googleSignInButton]").click(function(event){ event.preventDefault(); $("input[id=oAuthSystem]").val("GOOGLE"); $("form[id=oAuthForm]").submit(); }); $("a[id=facebookSignInButton]").click(function(event){ event.preventDefault(); $("input[id=oAuthSystem]").val("FACEBOOK"); $("form[id=oAuthForm]").submit(); }); $("a[id=orcidSignInButton]").click(function(event){ event.preventDefault(); $("input[id=oAuthSystem]").val("ORCID"); $("form[id=oAuthForm]").submit(); }); }); If you've forgotten your password, please enter your email address below and we'll send you instructions on how to reset your password. The email address should be the one you originally registered with F1000. Email address not valid, please try again You registered with F1000 via Google, so we cannot reset your password. To sign in, please click here . If you still need help with your Google account password, please click here . You registered with F1000 via Facebook, so we cannot reset your password. To sign in, please click here . If you still need help with your Facebook account password, please click here . Code not correct, please try again Reset password Cancel Email us for further assistance. Server error, please try again. If your email address is registered with us, we will email you instructions to reset your password. If you think you should have received this email but it has not arrived, please check your spam filters and/or contact for further assistance. Please wait... Register $(document).ready(function () { signIn.createSignInAsRow($("#sign-in-form-gfb-popup")); $(".target-field").each(function () { var uris = $(this).val().split("/"); if (uris.pop() === "login") { $(this).val(uris.toString().replace(",","/")); } }); }); (function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||a.contentWindow.document;if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'9ffe7ad65f3c300f',t:'MTc3OTQ4MDc4OQ=='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();