Ethanol abuse and alcohol use disorder revisited- A synopsis and hypothesis on central effects

Ethanol abuse and alcoholism have been studied from various perspectives, including their neurobiological effects in the brain. This paper proposes euphoria as a manifestation of brain hypoxia and addiction as a manifestation of neurotransmitter deficiencies after ethanol abuse. The metabolites of ethanol are discussed, especially acetate and its influence on glutamate and GABA synthesis within the brain, and its possible role in delirium tremens. Sleep disturbance and depression after ethanol abuse are discussed, and functional changes in the blood-brain barrier. Mechanisms of brain damage and dementia after ethanol abuse are contemplated. Possible treatment options are discussed.