Scaling relations of seismic moment and rupture area for outer-rise earthquakes

Scaling relations of seismic moment and rupture area for outer-rise earthquakes | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Express Letter Scaling relations of seismic moment and rupture area for outer-rise earthquakes XUELEI ZHANG, Tadashi Kito, Kenji Hirata, Yuji Dohi, Hiroyuki Fujiwara This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-66196/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract A new piece-wise scaling relation for rupture area ( S ) and seismic moment ( M 0 ) was obtained for outer-rise earthquakes using data compiled from previous seismological studies. The compiled source parameters were examined carefully to ensure that rupture area dimensions represent the "actual" rupture area. Twenty sets of S and M 0 pairs for ten earthquakes from independent studies were used for regression analysis. To estimate rupture areas of outer-rise earthquakes whose fault down dip tips, respectively, do and do not reach the oceanic lithosphere base, regression parameter b in S=(M 0 /a) 1/b is 2 with the corresponding regression parameter log 10 a 2 being 1.402 (±0.250), and b is 1.5 with the corresponding regression parameter log 10 a 1 being 6.401 (±0.187). The piece-wise scaling relation developed here can fit outer-rise earthquake data from Mw 7.2 to Mw 8.4 and can be used to estimate rupture areas of earthquakes greater than Mw 8.4. Planetary Science outer-rise earthquakes piece-wise scaling relations earthquake source model seismic moment Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Full Text Supplementary Files GraphicalAbstract.jpg Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-66196","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Express Letter","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":1830773,"identity":"6d4745f8-2529-4b35-8945-8b0adec4a8b7","order_by":0,"name":"XUELEI ZHANG","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABKklEQVRIie2QMUvDQBTHXzhIl0jXC9H0KxwctBTzYRIKyRJBEEonKQSSpZA1RT9EJ1dzPKhLcHbTEnCOICWDiDFalCYGR8H7DXd/7vi9x3sAEslfhO5CDyAt9n9Zp0IARLJLv1aItq+0MbgIHjfPgE5MiEBrhuaoF6fwFFrQj+ZwdtpUlMv1iB+C6ywD1UY/Qz5eICjL0AWapcCTpkKoPTT0V8tZocbwJERndTcBchAiMGoD15qKSr2tQYE619gvcPyu3Ofdikb9oV5A1aWaHZW6C+lWKPWnBoDLE1SZWGQeZ9mEieTW1Wgm5m2zDBLvSi8Bj+IoyItydmyyG7F5KKaW2Y+CNW/ZWL2Cb92D+kwVFapHJeTtBijlVz7/vF8+iuU/KBKJRPKveANwI2JeZPgVSAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5731-2908","institution":"Nagoya University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"XUELEI","middleName":"","lastName":"ZHANG","suffix":""},{"id":1830774,"identity":"cd952eb4-ff03-4fea-b0a8-79f5b9eb09c8","order_by":1,"name":"Tadashi Kito","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"OYO corporation","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tadashi","middleName":"","lastName":"Kito","suffix":""},{"id":1830775,"identity":"bde91426-6dc6-4fd1-aed6-07e71e29e194","order_by":2,"name":"Kenji Hirata","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kenji","middleName":"","lastName":"Hirata","suffix":""},{"id":1830776,"identity":"b157b100-9f95-43fa-8cf7-2817598a1eb6","order_by":3,"name":"Yuji Dohi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Research Council Canada National Science Library","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yuji","middleName":"","lastName":"Dohi","suffix":""},{"id":1830777,"identity":"9a78c35e-7ff0-488c-bc45-ae571541292d","order_by":4,"name":"Hiroyuki Fujiwara","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hiroyuki","middleName":"","lastName":"Fujiwara","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2020-08-26 12:48:08","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-66196/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-66196/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":2172183,"identity":"db545771-a7da-4f16-a226-8947b530b586","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-08-31 21:59:37","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":77374,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Slip distribution of an outer-rise earthquake and e\u000bective dimension of the \fnite fault\n slip model; Slip distribution of the 2010 outer-rise earthquake in the Bonin Islands region from Hayes (NEIC, Bonin 2010). The black heavy lines in the bottom and right panels, respectively, show the autocorrelation length and width. The black \fne lines in the bottom and right panels are the slip function. The location of the black heavy lines is determined to cover the area with large slip. The epicenter of the earthquake is zero along strike and dip","description":"","filename":"Figure1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-66196/v1/Figure1.jpg"},{"id":2172184,"identity":"e604f571-7d42-4644-abed-5237d7232854","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-08-31 21:59:37","extension":"jpg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":82739,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Distribution of the root mean square error for the rupture area;Distribution of the root\nmean square error for the rupture area. where S is the rupture area from Table 1 and Sc is the rupture area calculated from the scaling relation)","description":"","filename":"Figure2.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-66196/v1/Figure2.jpg"},{"id":2172185,"identity":"56cdc9cd-03c3-43df-a65f-58d4edb50c7f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-08-31 21:59:38","extension":"jpg","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":105285,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Comparison of the scaling relations and data; Comparison of the scaling relations and data, the red solid line is the scaling relation obtained by this study and red dashed lines represent the standard deviation on a log-log scale, black dotted line is obtained by Goda et al (2016), black dotted-dashed line is obtained by Blaser et al (2010), and black dashed line is obtained by A\u0013 lvarez G\u0013omez et al (2012). Red circles are the source parameters directly taken from previous literature and red triangles are the source parameters estimated from \fnite fault slip models.","description":"","filename":"Figure3.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-66196/v1/Figure3.jpg"},{"id":13527180,"identity":"baa0f88d-a362-448f-bf31-536e43e21512","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-17 00:54:53","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":535824,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"EPSPD2000253edited.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-66196/v1_covered.pdf"},{"id":2172188,"identity":"13bbdd3e-d030-4e97-91a3-9822118ea3e5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-08-31 21:59:42","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":451739,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"EPSPD2000253edited.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-66196/v1_stamped.pdf"},{"id":2172186,"identity":"894e78d0-8cea-40fe-8c25-5613803924cd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-08-31 21:59:38","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":409747,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"EPSPD2000253edited.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-66196/v1/EPSPD2000253edited.pdf"},{"id":2172187,"identity":"3d6f2264-5d46-4ed0-9b03-745824760c50","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2020-08-31 21:59:38","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":105850,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"GraphicalAbstract.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-66196/v1/GraphicalAbstract.jpg"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Scaling relations of seismic moment and rupture area for outer-rise earthquakes","fulltext":[{"header":"Full Text","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis preprint is available for \u003ca href='/article/rs-66196/latest.pdf' target='_blank'\u003edownload as a PDF\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"outer-rise earthquakes, piece-wise scaling relations, earthquake source model, seismic moment","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-66196/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-66196/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"A new piece-wise scaling relation for rupture area ( S ) and seismic moment ( M 0 ) was obtained for outer-rise earthquakes using data compiled from previous seismological studies. The compiled source parameters were examined carefully to ensure that rupture area dimensions represent the \"actual\" rupture area. Twenty sets of S and M 0 pairs for ten earthquakes from independent studies were used for regression analysis. To estimate rupture areas of outer-rise earthquakes whose fault down dip tips, respectively, do and do not reach the oceanic lithosphere base, regression parameter b in S=(M 0 /a) 1/b is 2 with the corresponding regression parameter log 10 a 2 being 1.402 (±0.250), and b is 1.5 with the corresponding regression parameter log 10 a 1 being 6.401 (±0.187). The piece-wise scaling relation developed here can fit outer-rise earthquake data from Mw 7.2 to Mw 8.4 and can be used to estimate rupture areas of earthquakes greater than Mw 8.4.","manuscriptTitle":"Scaling relations of seismic moment and rupture area for outer-rise earthquakes","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2020-08-31 21:59:36","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-66196/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"32ac271a-eef9-4d76-bcd9-25ffa201f972","owner":[],"postedDate":"August 31st, 2020","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":400605,"name":"Planetary Science"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2020-10-08T01:14:58+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2020-08-31 21:59:36","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-66196","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-66196","identity":"rs-66196","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"J0_U0BvcaRcwD8yVFaRlm","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}