Overexpression of PTEN gene increases Ins2 gene mRNA expression, not Ins1 gene mRNA expression, in insulinoma cell line Rin-5F

One functional neuroendocrine tumor that causes hypoglycemia due to insufficiently high insulin production is an insulinoma. In rats, two genes coding for insulin, insulin 1 (Ins1) and insulin 2 (Ins2) are found on chromosome 1. Ins1 was produced from an Ins2 transcript, and it was inserted into the genome via an RNA-mediated duplication-transposition event, according to some structural feature analyses. In this study, the author has looked at how overexpression of the PTEN gene in the insulinoma cell line Rin-5F affects the expression of the insulin genes, Ins 1 and Ins 2. In the insulinoma cell line, overexpression of the PTEN gene boosts Ins2 gene mRNA expression but not Ins1 gene mRNA expression. It has been reported that PTEN upregulates insulin signaling by increasing insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-2 mRNA levels. Also, PTEN has been reported to be secreted in exosomes and thereafter, into extracellular space. The present study has suggested that overexpression of PTEN might induce the increasing Ins 2 gene expression, one of the phosphorylated genes against the IRS-2 through the insulin/IGF-1 receptor. This can suggest further investigation and examination of the PTEN gene expression and insulinoma carcinogenesis.