What Do We Already Know About Black Soldier Fly and Its Multifaceted Application

The larvae of black soldier fly (BSF) Hermetia illucens L., possess versatile bioconversion capabilities and offer a nutrient-rich biomass. Here we review the bioconversion capabilities and microbiota associated with the larvae of BSF in an attempt to raise attention to key points and suggest future perspectives. The main points include current knowledge regarding bioconversion abilities of the BSF larvae; the nutrient composition variation of the larvae depending on its feed; the natural antibiotic properties with focus on antimicrobial peptides; the role of gut microbiota in pathogen elimination; the versatility of the BSF functional substrate bioconversion; and the role of the BSF gut microbiota possess in bioconversion flexibility. BSF larvae are being explored for various applications beyond waste conversion, including their use as a sustainable protein source for animal feed, and as a method for mitigating environmental contaminants like heavy metals. The review emphasizes the importance of optimizing substrate choices to enhance the BSF larvae’s bioconversion efficiency, nutrient output, and antimicrobial activity. The study also highlights the potential of BSF larvae in addressing global challenges related to food security, waste management, and energy sustainability