An Eco-Friendly Protocol for Amide Production: Employing Kaolin/Dextrin/Zinc as a Heterogeneous Catalyst

An Eco-Friendly Protocol for Amide Production: Employing Kaolin/Dextrin/Zinc as a Heterogeneous Catalyst | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article An Eco-Friendly Protocol for Amide Production: Employing Kaolin/Dextrin/Zinc as a Heterogeneous Catalyst Ali Akbar Fazli-Shahri, Seyed Ali Mousavi-Mashhadi, Ali Shiri This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9459936/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 15 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract A novel kaolin/dextrin/zinc catalyst has been successfully synthesized, leveraging an organic-mineral hybrid approach, and characterized via IR, SEM, TGA, EDX, XRD, and TEM analyses. This catalyst demonstrates high efficiency and performance in promoting the amidation reaction between amines and both aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids, yielding the corresponding amides in good to excellent yields. This method offers a significant improvement over existing, less efficient and more costly procedures. The synthesized catalyst also presents advantages in terms of enhanced performance, environmental friendliness, and ease of use. Kaolin Dextrin Zn Amidation Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Supportinginformation.pdf Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviews received at journal 14 May, 2026 Reviews received at journal 13 May, 2026 Reviews received at journal 03 May, 2026 Reviews received at journal 02 May, 2026 Reviews received at journal 28 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 25 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 22 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 21 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 21 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 20 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 20 Apr, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 20 Apr, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 20 Apr, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 20 Apr, 2026 First submitted to journal 19 Apr, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9459936","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":631253085,"identity":"6d16aa29-ff1d-4a29-8888-43d1084dd235","order_by":0,"name":"Ali Akbar Fazli-Shahri","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ferdowsi University of Mashhad","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ali","middleName":"Akbar","lastName":"Fazli-Shahri","suffix":""},{"id":631253086,"identity":"62ab40ca-c06f-4df2-92fa-fa2b6680faf6","order_by":1,"name":"Seyed Ali Mousavi-Mashhadi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ferdowsi University of Mashhad","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Seyed","middleName":"Ali","lastName":"Mousavi-Mashhadi","suffix":""},{"id":631253087,"identity":"bd4c2f9a-cdd2-4a36-a650-e9dfe156718f","order_by":2,"name":"Ali Shiri","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAvklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACdsYGZgYDBh5+KJ+HsBZmqBbJBuK1gBEDg8EBYt3F38zc/Lmg4J6M8Y3sBIYfNQwy5g0EtEgcZmyTnmFQzGN2I3cDY88xBh4ZgtYBtTDzGCSAtTDwNjDwSBDSIX+YsfkzSIvxDKAtf4nRYnCYsUEapMVAIncDM1G2GIL8AtIicebthsMyxyQIa5E73v74M8+fBHv+9tyND9/U2NgT1IICDgBDkCQNo2AUjIJRMApwAAAi8DMKAL/ZLwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Ferdowsi University of Mashhad","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ali","middleName":"","lastName":"Shiri","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-04-19 07:08:23","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9459936/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9459936/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":108182835,"identity":"7e021752-e730-4f1d-b1cf-90cd7197028f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-30 08:59:37","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1195848,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9459936/v1_covered_d5e9d2f2-e6cc-4f24-9b29-6ea4cccc2efd.pdf"},{"id":108112886,"identity":"494d4274-9231-4b05-b22b-6698a54717bd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-29 13:14:52","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":2293567,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Supportinginformation.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9459936/v1/4f10c7383618113900f2b6dc.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"An Eco-Friendly Protocol for Amide Production: Employing Kaolin/Dextrin/Zinc as a Heterogeneous Catalyst","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"transition-metal-chemistry","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"tmch","sideBox":"Learn more about [Transition Metal Chemistry](http://link.springer.com/journal/11243)","snPcode":"11243","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11243/3","title":"Transition Metal Chemistry","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Kaolin, Dextrin, Zn, Amidation","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9459936/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9459936/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eA novel kaolin/dextrin/zinc catalyst has been successfully synthesized, leveraging an organic-mineral hybrid approach, and characterized via IR, SEM, TGA, EDX, XRD, and TEM analyses. 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