Seismic Resilience Evaluation of Hospital Buildings in Kocaeli City

Seismic Resilience Evaluation of Hospital Buildings in Kocaeli City | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Seismic Resilience Evaluation of Hospital Buildings in Kocaeli City WILFRID GBENANKPON DJIMA, Abdullah Can ZULFIKAR, Ali Ikbal TUTAR This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5499410/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Natural and human-induced hazards have caused major disasters in terms of loss of life and property for thousands of years. Coping with these losses will only be possible by creating disaster-resilient infrastructure. Structures such as health facilities, schools, and nuclear facilities, which must be used uninterruptedly, must be resilient during and after hazards. Turkey and its Kocaeli city are in a highly seismically active region and are frequently exposed to severe earthquakes. However, there still exist many infrastructure systems that have not yet been made resilient to earthquakes, and many lives and properties have continued to be lost from earthquake hazards. This was the case of the Kocaeli’s Mw 7.1 earthquake of 17 August 1999 and even the recent Mw 7.8 Kahramanmaraş earthquake of 6 February 2023, in which tens of thousands of people lost their lives and a large amount of financial loss was experienced. To better prepare for a future earthquake disaster for resilient critical infrastructures such as healthcare systems, it is important to study the urban earthquake risk of these facilities. This study proposed a probabilistic approach using the North Anatolian Fault to study the earthquake hazard of Kocaeli’s city and the related risk to healthcare buildings in the region. The seismic hazard for 2% and 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years confirmed the region's high seismicity and related risk to hospital buildings, alerting the local government in developing new plans and implementing earthquake risk mitigation strategies for this first needed health infrastructures. Kocaeli Seismic resilience Disaster management Healthcare facilities Risk prevention Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5499410","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":436918533,"identity":"a93dbc4a-b818-4bdc-9b27-81cc4e2a4ff6","order_by":0,"name":"WILFRID GBENANKPON DJIMA","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA90lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACZuaGA0CKsYG9seGARAVEhIAWRqgWnsMHD1icgYgQsAaigLFBIi35QGUbQgQnMDjO2HjwR42dbD9DjsGBm/Nqo/nbgVp+VGzDreUwY8NhnmPJxjMbzhgcnLnteO4MoAhjz5nbOLWYgbQwNjAnbjjYY3BYctuxXDCXsQ2/loM/G+oTNxzmMTj8d86x3PnEaDnA23A4ccMxtoQDkg01uRsIabGH+OW48cwe5gMHJI4dyN0IshefXyT7Dx/++KOmWrZf/mHzB4mautx55w8ffPCjArcWdHAYTB4gWj0Q1JGieBSMglEwCkYIAABJl2oe/6NwTQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0049-1957","institution":"Gebze Institute of Technology: Gebze Teknik Universitesi","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"WILFRID","middleName":"GBENANKPON","lastName":"DJIMA","suffix":""},{"id":436918534,"identity":"b0ebfda2-4508-4c55-b160-24d4350e2def","order_by":1,"name":"Abdullah Can ZULFIKAR","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Istanbul Technical University - Ayazaga Campus: Istanbul Teknik Universitesi","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Abdullah","middleName":"Can","lastName":"ZULFIKAR","suffix":""},{"id":436918535,"identity":"041bf392-cf82-444d-a890-abaddf6e3910","order_by":2,"name":"Ali Ikbal TUTAR","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Gebze Technical University: Gebze Teknik Universitesi","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ali","middleName":"Ikbal","lastName":"TUTAR","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-11-21 16:40:22","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5499410/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5499410/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":86848155,"identity":"eb5f49e1-b786-4242-a69c-ed092e19630a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-16 09:10:24","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":4778946,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"RevisedManuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5499410/v1_covered_dae4752b-ac31-403c-a0d8-a20fbb9c97e9.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eSeismic Resilience Evaluation of Hospital Buildings in Kocaeli City\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Kocaeli, Seismic resilience, Disaster management, Healthcare facilities, Risk prevention","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5499410/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5499410/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eNatural and human-induced hazards have caused major disasters in terms of loss of life and property for thousands of years. Coping with these losses will only be possible by creating disaster-resilient infrastructure. Structures such as health facilities, schools, and nuclear facilities, which must be used uninterruptedly, must be resilient during and after hazards. Turkey and its Kocaeli city are in a highly seismically active region and are frequently exposed to severe earthquakes. However, there still exist many infrastructure systems that have not yet been made resilient to earthquakes, and many lives and properties have continued to be lost from earthquake hazards. This was the case of the Kocaeli\u0026rsquo;s Mw 7.1 earthquake of 17 August 1999 and even the recent Mw 7.8 Kahramanmaraş earthquake of 6 February 2023, in which tens of thousands of people lost their lives and a large amount of financial loss was experienced. To better prepare for a future earthquake disaster for resilient critical infrastructures such as healthcare systems, it is important to study the urban earthquake risk of these facilities. This study proposed a probabilistic approach using the North Anatolian Fault to study the earthquake hazard of Kocaeli\u0026rsquo;s city and the related risk to healthcare buildings in the region. The seismic hazard for 2% and 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years confirmed the region's high seismicity and related risk to hospital buildings, alerting the local government in developing new plans and implementing earthquake risk mitigation strategies for this first needed health infrastructures.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Seismic Resilience Evaluation of Hospital Buildings in Kocaeli City","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-04-02 14:34:31","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5499410/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"63ea5cab-2775-4e6f-9e65-e2f5222356b3","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 2nd, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-07-16T09:02:14+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-04-02 14:34:31","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5499410","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5499410","identity":"rs-5499410","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}