Geological influence of Groundwater Quality, Eastern Region of Mount Cameroon and West of the Penda Mboko River

Geological influence of Groundwater Quality, Eastern Region of Mount Cameroon and West of the Penda Mboko River | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Geological influence of Groundwater Quality, Eastern Region of Mount Cameroon and West of the Penda Mboko River Ngai N Jude, Engome Regina Wotany, Christopher Agyingi, Menti Agbor Nelson This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4231934/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This research focuses primarily on exploring the role of silica in deciphering the geological controls and hydrogeochemical processes affecting groundwater in this challenging terrain. To assess the hydrochemical properties of groundwater and its quality, fifty samples were collected from hand dug wells, boreholes, springs and rivers. Electrical conductivity (EC), pH, temperature and total dissolved solids (TDS) were measured in situ. The mean concentration of major ions indicated Ca > Mg2+ > k+ > Na + and HCO - 3 > CL - > NO - 3 > SO 2- 4 . The majority of the water samples (76%) were found in the rock dominance zone, while only 14% were in the precipitation dominance zone, indicating that the interaction between rock and water is the main factor controlling the groundwater chemistry. Chemical geothermometry was used to estimate the groundwater temperature .The silica levels in the samples ranged from 5.8 to 58.7 mg/l, and chalcedony temperatures of over 60°C were detected at five sites, indicating a depth of over 1,000 metres. This study highlights the effectiveness of this combination of instruments in tracking water-rock interactions, regardless of factors such as flow depth, water properties, geological conditions and variations in interaction time. Examination of mineral saturation indices showed supersaturation with silicate minerals such as quartz, but undersaturated with carbonate, sulphate and halide minerals such as calcite, gypsum and anhydrite. Hydrogeochemical geothermometry Groundwater Chalcedony Mount Cameroon Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviews received at journal 03 May, 2024 Reviews received at journal 02 May, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 26 Apr, 2024 Reviews received at journal 24 Apr, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 17 Apr, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 16 Apr, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 16 Apr, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 11 Apr, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 11 Apr, 2024 First submitted to journal 07 Apr, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4231934","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":290054582,"identity":"86264b66-1aa7-48cd-ab98-6a4d183071d8","order_by":0,"name":"Ngai N Jude","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA6UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYJCCAxIMzAz87M0HgGwJGeK1SPYcSwBp4SHWImYGgxs5BiAWYS3m/IsfHrBss5aTnJHz+dWNGgseBvbDRzfg02I545nBAcm2dGN+nrfbrHOOAR3Gk5Z2A58WgxsHQFoOJ85sz91mnMMG1CLBY0ZAy/EPIC31Gw7kPDPO+UeMlvM9YFsSDE7kMD/ObSPKFp6CAxLn0g1n9hwzY87tk+BhI+iX88c3f5Yos5YHRuXjzznf6uT42Q8fw6uFQSKBgVkCwmQD02x4lYMA/wEGxg8QJvMHgqpHwSgYBaNgRAIAvdJOM+pUdV8AAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"University of Buea","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ngai","middleName":"N","lastName":"Jude","suffix":""},{"id":290054583,"identity":"de78adff-b8ec-4465-8465-2bb11a0559bf","order_by":1,"name":"Engome Regina Wotany","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Buea","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Engome","middleName":"Regina","lastName":"Wotany","suffix":""},{"id":290054584,"identity":"44cd29ea-6fe0-4ca2-bfd2-173b6077d2fa","order_by":2,"name":"Christopher Agyingi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Buea","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Christopher","middleName":"","lastName":"Agyingi","suffix":""},{"id":290054585,"identity":"7f914423-9567-438e-b332-157d67b15573","order_by":3,"name":"Menti Agbor Nelson","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Buea","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Menti","middleName":"Agbor","lastName":"Nelson","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-04-07 14:59:24","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4231934/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4231934/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":54722668,"identity":"3a94adad-d921-4ba1-a539-785783eb2eeb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-04-15 18:20:28","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1385649,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"GeologicalinfluenceofGroundwaterQuality2.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4231934/v1_covered_36daf6c6-c09f-4776-8034-2bbd4868db26.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Geological influence of Groundwater Quality, Eastern Region of Mount Cameroon and West of the Penda Mboko River","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-applied-sciences","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Applied Sciences](https://link.springer.com/journal/42452)","snPcode":"42452","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/42452/3","title":"Discover Applied Sciences","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Hydrogeochemical, geothermometry, Groundwater, Chalcedony, Mount Cameroon","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4231934/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4231934/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis research focuses primarily on exploring the role of silica in deciphering the geological controls and hydrogeochemical processes affecting groundwater in this challenging terrain. To assess the hydrochemical properties of groundwater and its quality, fifty samples were collected from hand dug wells, boreholes, springs and rivers. Electrical conductivity (EC), pH, temperature and total dissolved solids (TDS) were measured in situ. The mean concentration of major ions indicated Ca \u0026gt; Mg2+ \u0026gt; k+ \u0026gt; Na\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e and HCO\u003csup\u003e-\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e \u0026gt; CL\u003csup\u003e-\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026gt; NO\u003csup\u003e-\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e \u0026gt; SO\u003csup\u003e2-\u003c/sup\u003e\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e. The majority of the water samples (76%) were found in the rock dominance zone, while only 14% were in the precipitation dominance zone, indicating that the interaction between rock and water is the main factor controlling the groundwater chemistry. 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Examination of mineral saturation indices showed supersaturation with silicate minerals such as quartz, but undersaturated with carbonate, sulphate and halide minerals such as calcite, gypsum and anhydrite.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Geological influence of Groundwater Quality, Eastern Region of Mount Cameroon and West of the Penda Mboko River","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-04-15 18:17:23","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4231934/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-05-03T15:04:10+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-05-02T05:54:06+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"339818311627939572131939350988511711837","date":"2024-04-26T07:27:35+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-04-24T07:28:42+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"1bf42f6d-1aa6-4764-a1e2-5790d46f197b","date":"2024-04-17T15:22:58+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"1fb1d7ca-e2ec-463f-8212-a7cae291d0da","date":"2024-04-16T09:26:03+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-04-16T07:25:13+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-04-11T09:51:49+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-04-11T09:49:04+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Discover Applied Sciences","date":"2024-04-07T14:56:10+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-applied-sciences","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Applied Sciences](https://link.springer.com/journal/42452)","snPcode":"42452","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/42452/3","title":"Discover Applied Sciences","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"f3d0624f-9830-48b2-9812-8433e1be081c","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 15th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-08-22T13:28:00+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-04-15 18:17:23","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4231934","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4231934","identity":"rs-4231934","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}