Increasing Fat Deposition via Upregulates the Transcription of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARγ) in Native Crossbred Chicken

Abstract Background: Crossbreeding using exotic breeds is usually employed to improve the growth characteristics of indigenous chickens. This mating not only provides growth but affect adversely to fat deposition as well. We studied the growth, abdominal, subcutaneous and intramuscular fat and mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α and PPARγ in adipose and muscle tissues of four chicken breeds [Chee breed (CH) (100% Thai native chicken), Kaimook e-san1 (KM1; 50% CH background), Kaimook e-san2 (KM2; 25% CH background), and broiler (BR)]. This study was aim to study role of PPARs on fat deposition in native crossbred chicken.Results: The BR chickens had higher abdominal fat than other breeds (P<0.05) and the KM2 had an abdominal fat percentage higher than KM1 and CH respectively (P<0.05). The intramuscular fat (IMF) of BR was greater than KM1 and CH (P<0.05). In adipose tissue, PPARα transcription expression was different among the chicken breeds. However, there were breed differences in PPARγ gene expression. Study of abdominal fat PPARγ gene expression showed the BR breed, KM1, and KM2 breed significantly greater (P<0.05) than CH. In 8 to 12 weeks of age, the result shows that the PPARγ expression of the CH breed is less than (P<0.05) KM2. The result of PPARs expression in muscle tissue was similar result in adipose tissue.Conclusion: Crossbreeding improved the growth of the Thai native breed, there was also a corresponding increase in carcass fatness. However, there appears to be a relationship between PPARγ expression and fat deposition traits. therefore, PPARγ activity plays a key role in lipid accumulation by up-regulation.