From conservative treatment to surgery with repeated imaging modalities in post-TAVI infective endocarditis patient

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is the more common choice of procedure for the severe aortic stenosis patients with high surgical risk. While the popularity of TAVI increases, TAVI related complications, such as infective endocarditis (IE) increase in number. There are no specific guidelines for TAVI-IE, so shaping a path according to patient’s clinical status is more reasonable. With different advantages for each, multiple imaging modalities should be used for follow-up. In our case, repeated multiple imaging modalities were used to decide early surgery versus conservative approach by detecting periaortic pseudoaneurysm after TAVI.