Utilisation of Emergency Contraception Among Final Year University Female Students

Utilisation of Emergency Contraception Among Final Year University Female Students | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Utilisation of Emergency Contraception Among Final Year University Female Students Gilbert Ti-enkawol Nachinab, Mubarick Nungbaso Asumah, Vida Nyagre Yakong, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-1067157/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Introduction: Unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortion have become serious public health concerns around the world, particularly among female students in both developed and developing countries. The general objective of this study was to investigate the utilization of emergency contraception among final-year female students of a public university in Ghana. Methods A stratified random sample was used to enroll 199 female university students for descriptive cross-sectional research. SPSS version 25 was used to analyze the data. To compare categorical variables, Chi-square analysis was employed, and a p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Majority (88.4%) of the respondents demonstrated sufficient knowledge, and 84.4% had a favorable attitude towards emergency contraceptives (ECs). On the indications for EC; after unprotected sex (65.3%), after a missed period (22.6%), when one is raped (83.4%), unwanted pregnancy (75.9%), and rupture of condoms (88.9%) were identified. The majority (59.3%) of students have used EC, with most of the students (43.7%) using Postinor-2. The overall attitude towards EC and Residence (X 2 =7.5; p=0.023), Religion (X 2 =6.2; p=0.042), and marital status (X 2 =17.1, p=0.001) were statistically significant. There was a significant association between the use of EC and Residence (X 2 =10.9; p=0.004) and marital status (X 2 =8.6; p=0.035). Conclusion The findings of this study indicated that students had a high degree of awareness, understanding, and attitude about EC, with a significant number of the respondents likely to utilize it in the future. This may aid in the treatment of female students' sexual and reproductive health issues and prevent dropping out of school as a result of unwanted pregnancy. Also, there is the need to engage opinion leaders to address their concerns to allow for the effective utilization of emergency contraceptives. Sexual & Reproductive Medicine Utilisation Emergency Contraceptive Female University Students Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Plain Language Summary When female students get pregnant in their course of education the pregnancies are often viewed as unintended pregnancies. In an attempt to prevent unintended pregnancies, some females tend to do use Emergency Contraceptive (EC). The purpose of the study was to assess the perspective of final year female university students on the usage of emergency contractive. The students were selected from the department of nursing, nutrition, and medical laboratory sciences. The selected students were given a questionnaire to assess their knowledge, attitude, and utilization of emergency contraceptives. The results indicate that majority of the students had sufficient knowledge of emergency contraceptives by stating correctly that Emergency Contraceptives (EC) should be taken within 72 hours of unprotected sexual intercourse. Regarding attitude, most of the students knew that EC does not protect one against sexually transmitted diseases but it should be made accessible to all females. Less than half of them indicated that their religion frowns against the use of EC. The study revealed that the majority of the students have ever used EC. The students got information about EC from friends, health professionals, and their partners. Most of the students used Postinor-2. The study findings indicate that final-year female students have a higher level of knowledge and a positive attitude towards EC utilization. They know when and how to take EC and generally feel positive towards the utilization of EC. There is some indication that some of the students will use EC in the future to prevent unintended pregnancies. Introduction Globally, the incidence of unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortion has emerged as major concerns in the landscape of public health, especially among female adolescents in developed and developing countries(Manortey et al., 2016 ). Young and unmarried women are more vulnerable to unsafe abortions (Issah, 2021 ; Kongnyuy et al., 2007 ). Emergency contraception (EC) is a kind of contemporary contraception that is used after unprotected sexual contact, sexual abuse, misusing regular contraception, or not using contraception at all (Demissie et al., 2020 ; Hammoud et al., 2020 ). EC is critical in avoiding unwanted pregnancy; it helps to minimize unexpected childbirth and unsafe abortion, both of which are important maternal health issues (Hammoud et al., 2020 ; Neinstein, 2008 ). Additionally, EC aids in avoiding the socioeconomic stigma and health consequences of unwanted and unexpected pregnancy (Starrs et al., 2018 ). Young women who are susceptible to sexual assault and frequently lack the skills and authority to negotiate the use of a condom should have access to EC (UNFPA, 2016 ). According to additional studies, using emergency contraception can dramatically lower the number of abortion-related morbidity and mortality (Abraha et al., 2019 ; Ajayi et al., 2016 ). Globally, over 70,000 girls within the ages of 10 to 19 years are said to die per annum as a result of unintended pregnancy and childbirth, and about 3.2 million girls within the ages of 15 to 19 years practice unsafe abortions in lower and middle-income countries(Akinlusi et al., 2018 ). Out of this number, young women below the age of 25 years in only Africa contributed to nearly two-thirds (i.e. over 65%) of all unsafe abortions in the world (Akinlusi et al., 2018 ; UNFPA, 2016 ). According to WHO, over 25 million (representing 45percent) abortions each year between 2010 and 2014 were unsafe, with over twenty-four (24) million (i.e. about 97 percent) of unsafe abortion emanating from developing countries(Ganatra et al., 2017 ). In the African continent, the yearly unsafe (induced) abortion rates from 2003 to 2008 show a rise from 5.6 million to 6.4 million. Thirteen percent (13%) of all pregnancies in Africa ended as abortion in 2008 (Ganatra et al., 2017 ). Out of the 6.4 million abortions recorded in the year 2008, only 3% were performed legally(Ganatra et al., 2017 ). Abortion rates estimated for West Africa are among the highest worldwide (Singh et al., 2009 ). In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), contraceptive usage is still poor, which may lead to high rates of undesired pregnancies, unexpected births, unsafe abortions, maternal mortality, and sexually transmitted infection transmission (Apanga & Adam, 2015 ). Not just for clinical results, but also in the context of population expansion, pregnancy planning is essential. The use of various forms of contraceptives in family planning programs is widely recognized as a critical component of attaining the Sustainable Development Goals-3 (SDGs) (Berhe et al., 2013 ). In Ghana, knowledge, and awareness of any contraceptive technique is nearly ubiquitous, with 98 percent of women and 99 percent of men knowing at least one contraceptive method (Ghana Health Service, 2014 ). While 47.4% of Ghanaian women have used contraception in the past, just 20% are currently using it. Also, 30 percent of married women in Ghana have unmet family planning needs, with 17 percent having unmet spacing needs and 13 percent having unmet limiting needs. Ghanaian women, on average, had 0.6 children more than their optimal number of 3.6. The total fertility rate (TFR) was 17 percent higher than it would have been if undesired births were prevented (Ghana Statistical Service, Ghana Health Service, 2015 ). Unwanted pregnancies frequently result in unsafe abortions, which can result in problems such as bleeding, infections, infertility, or even death (Atuhaire, 2019 ; Leke & Nana, 2012 ). In Ghana, emergency contraceptive pills such as postinor-2, Lydia post-pill, Nor-Levo, and pregnon are accessible without a prescription from physicians and family planning clinics (Issah, 2021 ; Ziba & Yakong, 2019 ). About 23 percent of young females aged 12-19 in the Northern Region of Ghana have already been reported as mothers or pregnant (Ziem& Gyebi, 2012 ). Avoidable pregnancies have resulted in too many negative effects and unwanted childbirth across the world and as well responsible for over eight hundred maternal deaths daily in developing countries. In a study of student nurses and midwives in Ghana's Northern Region, 166 (86.91%) stated they had heard of EC before the research, but only 49 (25.65%) reported they had ever used it. Those with a rudimentary understanding of EC, on the other hand, lacked specific information of the content efficacy and temporal schedule after unprotected intercourse (Mohammed et al., 2019 ). Unplanned pregnancies have far-reaching implications in Ghana. In the Tamale Teaching Hospital, for example, unsafe abortion is the fourth-largest cause of maternal mortality, with the majority of deaths happening in women aged 15 to 34 years (Gumanga et al., 2011 ). According to research, unplanned pregnancies among unmarried adolescents are more likely to result in induced abortion (Morris & Rushwan, 2015 ). Although emergency contraception is an excellent means of preventing unintended pregnancies, it is often underused(Abraha et al., 2019 ; Haeger et al., 2018 ). In Sub-Saharan Africa, for example, access to conventional contraceptive techniques is relatively limited; the continent's average contraceptive prevalence is around 27%. (Ajayi et al., 2016 ). In addition, maternal mortality is predicted to be 1.8 times greater in women who do not utilize contraception (Aniteye et al., 2016 ). However, there was a low level of support for family planning among these teenagers, since the majority of these sexually active adolescents were not using any type of contraception and had little awareness of the many current techniques (Ghana Health Service, 2014 ). Due to a variety of circumstances, including a lack of contraceptive awareness, restricted access to health services, and contraceptive failure, many teenage girls, especially newly married females, are at high risk of unintended pregnancies (Munakampe et al., 2018 ). Students at universities are active in the acceptance and dissemination of innovation throughout various sectors of society. As a result, they are expected to be at the forefront of EC knowledge and its application. However, there is very limited information on emergency contraceptives among tertiary students. In the University, most students are being influenced by their peers, as parental guidance and control are often minimal. So, some of these students through influence may indulge in activities that could result in unwanted pregnancies. For the married, some pregnancies may still be considered unintended. It is against this background, the study wishes to investigate the utilization of emergency contraception among final year female students of the University for Development Studies (UDS), Tamale campus. Methods And Materials Study Setting This study was carried out at the University for Development Student (UDS), Tamale Campus, The largest university in the northern part of Ghana. According to the University Registrar's Office, there were approximately 7,560 undergraduate students on the Tamale campus of which approximately 2,801 were female (unpublished data). The Tamale Campus has the following faculties; School of Medicine (SoM), School of Allied Health Sciences (SAHS), School of Nursing and Midwifery (SoNM), School of Public Health (SPH), Faculty of Education (FoE), and Desert Research Institute (DRI) Study Design A descriptive cross-sectional study, using the quantitative approach was adopted for this study. Sample Population The sample population included students of the Nursing, Community Nutrition, and Biomedical Laboratory Science, UDS-Tamale campus. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria The inclusion of respondents was based on the program of study at the selected university. These respondents were drawn from; Department of Nursing, Community Nutrition, and Biomedical Laboratory Science, who are of sound mind and have consented voluntarily to be part of this study. The midwifery department was excluded from the study because "family planning and contraceptive use" is a major part of the course taught during their period of training, hence, we felt including midwifery students might not paint a true picture especially regarding knowledge and attitude of emergency contraceptives. Sample size determination The Raosoft sample size calculator was used to calculate the sample size(Raosoft, n.d.). Based on the significance level of 95%, a margin of error of 5%, response distribution of 50%, and sample population of 410 (i.e., the total number of final year students), the sample size was estimated as 199 students. Sampling methods and techniques A Stratified Random Sampling (Proportionate Stratified Sampling) technique was used for the study. A sample frame (N) was identified and categorized into various strata using faculties. The sample size was further divided per stratum based on the size of the stratum. After getting the sample per stratum, consecutive sampling was employed to select participants of the stratum until the sample size was exhausted. This method of sampling provided an equal representation of the various departments based on the size of each department. Data collection tools and procedures Data was collected using a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire adapted from existing literature(Dagnachew, 2017; Issah, 2021; Mishore et al., 2019) and modified to meet the objectives of this study. According to the study's specific objectives, the questionnaire was divided into four components. Section A contained questions about the respondent’s demographics, Section B contained questions about their reproductive characteristics, Section C contained questions about their knowledge of emergency contraception, Section D contained questions about their attitude toward emergency contraception, and finally, Section E contained questions about their practice or use of emergency contraception. Before meeting the respondents, permission was sort from the heads of department (HOD). Then the study protocol was explained to the respondents and then consent was obtained. Respondents who met the inclusion criteria and have consented to voluntarily participate in this study would then be given a questionnaire to fill and give back to the research team members or the course representative after completion, in a sealed envelope. The course representatives, upon receipt of these sealed envelopes, forwarded it to the research team for safekeeping. The research team was always available to offer support to those who needed further explanations on specific questions. This was done to ensure that respondents who needed assistance got assisted to choose the responses that applied to them. Data analysis and presentation The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software version 25 was used to code and analyze the data. Analysis was conducted quantitatively using descriptive and inferential statistics and results were displayed using graphs and tables. To calculate the composite score for knowledge, all eleven (11) questions were scored. Thus, responses that were considered correct according to literature were scored "1"(a point), and negative, wrong, and "I don't know" responses were scored "0". The scores were added together and a percentage was obtained. Thereafter, those who obtained 50% and above and those who scored less than 50% were said to have sufficient and insufficient knowledge on EC respectively. To estimate the overall attitude of respondents towards EC, all eight (8) questions were scored. Those who obtained 50% or more were said to have a favorable attitude whereas those who obtained less than 50% were said to have an unfavorable attitude towards EC. To compare categorical variables, Chi-square analysis was employed, and a p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Quality control measures To ensure that the data collected were reliable and valid, the questionnaire was pre-tested among the medical students within the school. Thirty (30) medical students were interviewed during the pre-testing. The pre-testing (piloting) helped in restructuring the questionnaire to elicit the right response that can answer the specific objective. It also provided the research team the opportunity to familiarize themselves with the data collection process, and to rectify all difficulties before the actual data was collected. The questionnaire was shown to experienced researchers in the area for face validity. Results Socio-demographic characteristics Table 1 below shows the socio-demographics of the respondents. Most 60(30.2%) of the respondent were within the ages of 31 to 35 years. More than half 108(52.8%) of the respondents resided in private hostels, the majority 153 (76.9%) of the respondent are Christians, and about half 102(51.3%) of the students were married. On ethnicity, most 72 (36.2%) respondents were Kassena-Nankana, the majority of the students 137 (68.8%) were in the Nursing Department (Table 1). Table 1: Sociodemographics characteristics Variable Categories Frequency (N) Percentage (%) Age 20 -25 years 42 21.10% 26-30 years 41 20.60% 31-35 years 60 30.20% Above 35 years 56 28.10% Residences Campus Hostel 40 20.10% Private Hostel 105 52.80% My Home 54 27.10% Religion Christian 153 76.90% Muslim 41 20.60% Traditionalist 5 2.50% Marital Status Co-habitating 8 4.00% Divorce/Separated/widow 3 1.50% Married 102 51.30% Single 86 43.20% Ethnicity Kassana/Nankana/Talensi 72 36.20% Dagomba 45 22.60% Akan 25 12.60% Walaa 19 9.50% Dagarti 18 9.00% Others 20 10.10% Department Medical Laboratory Scientist 26 13.10% Nursing 137 68.80% Nutrition 36 18.20% Levels of Knowledge on Emergency Contraceptives In this study, the majority 166(83.4%) of the respondents agreed that it is recommended to take Emergency Contraceptives (EC) within 72 hours, 144(72.4%) agreed that the effectiveness of EC is 75-99%, and 130(65.3%) of the students’ believed EC is very safe. The majority 146 (73.4%) of the respondents were aware that the recommended doses of EC are two (2), and 185 (65.3%) agreed that the recommended time interval for EC is 12 hours. On the indications of the use of EC, the following were identified in this study; after unprotected sex 185 (65.3%), after a missed period 45 (22.6%), when one is raped 166 (83.4%), unwanted pregnancy 151 (75.9%), and rupture of condoms 177 (88.9%). The majority 136 (68.3%) of students held that EC was available at the health facilities (Table 2). Table 2: Level of knowledge on emergency contraceptives among final year female university students Statements Yes (N, %) No (N, %) Don't know (N, %) Recommended time to take EC is within 72 hours 166(83.4%) 25(12.6%) 8(4.0%) Effectiveness of EC is 75-99%? 144(72.4%) 34(17.1%) 21(10.6%) EC is very safe? 130(65.3%) 55(27.6%) 14(7.0%) Recommended doses of EC are two (2)? 146(73.4%) 28(14.1%) 25(12.6%) The recommended time interval for EC is 12 hours? 130(65.3%) 43(21.6%) 26(13.1%) Recommended for use after unprotected sex? 185(65.3%) 10(5.0%) 4(2.0%) EC is recommended after missed period? 45(22.6%) 145(72.9%) 9(4.5%) EC is recommended when one is raped? 166(83.4%) 44(22.1%) 6(3.0%) EC is recommended for unwanted pregnancy? 151(75.9%) 44(22.1%) 4(2.0%) EC is recommended as a result of rupture of condoms during sex? 177(88.9%) 18(9.0%) 4(2.0%) EC is mostly available at the health facilities? 136(68.3%) 49(24.6%) 14(7.0%) The study further revealed that the overall levels of knowledge on EC among final year female university students were sufficient 176 (88.4%) while 23 (11.6%) of the students demonstrated insufficient knowledge (figure 1). Association between Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Levels of Knowledge on Emergency Contraceptives On the association between the respondents' characteristics and the level of knowledge on EC, 11(26.2%) of respondents within 20 to 25 years has insufficient knowledge while 31(73.8%) had sufficient knowledge. The majority of respondents 36 (87.8%) within 26 to 30 years had sufficient knowledge but 5(12.2%) had insufficient knowledge. More respondents54(96.4%) above 35 years had sufficient knowledge than 55 (91.7%) of respondents who were within 31 to 35 years. The association between age and knowledge of EC was statistically significant (X 2 =12.9; p=0.005). On religion, the study revealed a statistically significant association with the level of knowledge on EC (X 2 =12.0; p=0.003). The knowledge levels of respondents on EC were significantly associated with marital status (X 2 =28.4; p<0.001) and Department (X 2 =7.9; p=0.019). (Table 3) Table 3: Association between socio-demographic characteristics and levels of knowledge on emergency contraceptives Variable Categories Total Knowledge of EC Statistical test Insufficient Sufficient Age 20 -25 years 42 11(26.2%) 31(73.8%) X 2 =12.9 26-30 years 41 5(12.2%) 36(87.8%) p=0.005 31-35 years 60 5(8.3%) 55(91.7%) Above 35 years 56 2(3.6%) 54(96.4%) Residences Campus Hostel 40 6(15.0%) 34(85.0%) X 2 =0.6 Private Hostel 105 11(10.5%) 94(89.5%) p=0.74 My Home 54 6(11.1%) 48(88.9%) Religion Christian 153 15(9.8%) 138(90.2%) X 2 =12.0 Muslim 41 5(12.2%) 36(87.8%) p=0.003 Traditionalist 5 3(60.0%) 2(40.0%) Marital Status Co-habitating 8 5(62.5%) 3(37.5%) X 2 =28.4 Divorce/Separated/widow 3 0(0.0%) 3(100.0%) p<0.001 Married 102 4(3.9%) 98(96.1%) Single 86 14(16.3%) 72(83.7%) Department Medical Laboratory Science 26 5(19.2%) 21(80.8%) X 2 =7.9 Nursing 137 10(7.3%) 127(92.7%) p=0.019 Nutrition 36 8(22.2%) 28(77.8%) Attitudes towards Emergency Contraceptives The majority 111(55.8%) of the students disagreed that EC use will cause infertility, 111 (55.8%) disagreed that EC creates a lack of confidence between partners. A total of 144(72.4%) agreed that it was a good idea to make EC accessible to all females, 185(93%) did not think EC could protect against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and 165 (82.9%) agreed that EC pills can fail. More than half 123(61.8%) of the respondents were willing to use EC shortly. Less than half 88(42.2%) of the respondents agree that EC should be used once every month, and 87 (43.7%) said their religion frowns against the use of EC (Table 4). Table 4: Attitudes towards emergency contraceptives Statements Yes (N, %) No (N, %) Don't know (N, %) EC use will cause infertility in a woman? 60(30.2%) 111(55.8%) 28(14.1%) Does EC create a lack of confidence between regular partners? 71(35.7%) 111(55.8%) 17(8.5%) It is a good idea to make EC accessible to all females? 144(72.4%) 50(25.1%) 5(2.5%) It is not accepted in my religion to use EC? 87(43.7%) 97(48.7%) 15(7.5%) I am willing to use EC shortly? 123(61.8%) 63(31.7%) 13(6.5%) Emergency contraceptives cannot protect one from sexually transmitted infections? 185(93.0%) 12(6.0%) 2(1.0%) Emergency contraceptives should be used only once every month? 88(44.2%) 84(42.2%) 27(13.6%) Emergency contraceptive pills can fail you? 165(82.9%) 23(11.6%) 11(5.5%) In the end, 168(84.4%) of the respondents were said to have a favorable attitude towards EC and 31(15.6%) had an unfavorable attitude towards EC as shown in figure 2 below Association between Socio-demographic Characteristics and Attitudes towards Emergency Contraceptives Use Table 5 as shown below illustrates the association between socio-demographic and attitude towards EC. The study revealed that there was a significant statistical association between attitude towards EC and Residence (X 2 =7.5; p=0.023). The association between overall attitude and Religion (X 2 =6.2; p=0.042), and the marital status of the respondents (X 2 =17.1, p=0.001) were statistically significant. On the other hand, this study did not establish any association between attitude towards EC and age of the respondents (X 2 =6.9; p=0.076), and department (X 2 =2.1, p=0.34). Table 5: Association between socio-demographic characteristics and attitudes towards emergency contraceptives Variable Categories Total The overall attitude towards EC Statistical test Favorable Unfavorable Age 20 -25 years 42 31(73.8%) 11(26.2%) X 2 =6.9 26-30 years 41 37(90.2%) 4(9.8%) p=0.076 31-35 years 60 49(81.7%) 11(18.3%) Above 35 years 56 51(91.1%) 5(8.9%) Residences Campus Hostel 40 39(97.5%) 1(2.5%) X 2 =7.5 Private Hostel 105 83(79.0%) 22(21.0%) p=0.023 My Home 54 46(85.2%) 8(14.8%) Religion Christian 153 126(82.4%) 27(17.6%) X 2 =6.3 Muslim 41 39(95.1%) 2(4.9%) p=0.042 Traditionalist 5 3(60.0%) 2(40.0%) Marital Status Co-habitating 8 3(37.5%) 5(62.5%) X 2 =17.1 Divorce/widow 3 3(100.0%) 0(0.0%) p=0.001 Married 102 92(90.2%) 10(9.8%) Single 86 70(81.4%) 16(18.6%) Department MLS 26 20(76.9%) 6(23.1%) X 2 =2.1 Nursing 137 119(86.9%) 18(13.1%) p=0.34 Nutrition 36 29(80.6%) 7(19.4%) Use of Emergency Contraceptives The study revealed that the majority 118 (59.3%) of the respondents have ever used EC. EC was recommended by friends 63(53.4%), health professionals 78(66.1%), and Partners 23 (19.5%). Most 87 (43.7%) of the respondents used Postinor-2, and 91 (45.7%) have not used EC in the past six months while 64(32.2%) have used EC once in the past six months. The majority 147 (73.9%) used EC to prevent pregnancy with 11 (55.8%) experiencing no adverse effect. A total of 79 (39.7%) respondents spends GHS 10 on a pack of EC, the majority 114(57.3%) of the respondents knew of friends who use EC, 122 (61.3%) believe that support from friends make it easier for you to use EC, 116 (58.3%), believe the availability of EC makes its usage easier, and 156 (78.4%) believe the availability of EC pills make it easier to use. For those who do not use EC, 27 (13.6%) did not know where to find it, 32 (16.1%) do not know EC, and 28 (14.1%) said their partners were opposed to the use of EC (Table 6). Table 6: Use of emergency contraceptives Variables Categories Frequency Percentage Have you ever used EC Yes 118 59.30% No 81 40.70% Who recommended EC for you Friends 63 53.40% Health professionals 78 66.10% Partners 23 19.50% What contraceptive method do you use Condom 19 9.50% Depo Provera 15 7.50% Postinor-2 87 43.70% Implants 7 3.50% Lydia contraceptive 54 27.10% Natural family planning 9 4.50% The reason why I did not use EC was Don't know where to find it 27 13.60% No knowledge about EC 32 16.10% Partner opposed to using EC 28 14.10% The reason why I used EC was? Partner proposed 33 16.60% Fears of pregnancy 147 73.90% Affects my period/menses 49 24.60% How many times have you used emergency contraceptive Pills (Postinor-2) in the last six months? Once 64 32.20% Twice 27 13.60% Thrice 9 4.50% four times 4 2.00% More than four times 4 2.00% None 91 45.70% The last time I used EC, I was told...? No information 69 34.70% Pills would make me vomit/feels nauseous 39 19.60% It can affect my period/menses 59 29.60% It can make me feel weak/dizziness 23 11.60% I experience the following when I used EC? Nausea/Vomiting 52 26.10% General Weakness/Dizziness 13 6.50% Bleeding/Period not stopping 23 11.60% None 111 55.80% How much do you usually spend on a pack of emergency contraceptive pills (Postinor2)? Less than 10 cedis 79 39.70% 10 cedis and above 73 36.70% Don't Know 47 23.60% Know of a friend using EC? Yes 114 57.30% No 85 42.70% Will support from friends will make it easier for you to use an emergency contraceptive? Yes 122 61.30% No 77 38.70% Will support from family make it easier for you to use an emergency contraceptive? Yes 116 58.30% No 83 41.70% Will the availability of Emergency contraceptive pills make it easy to use? Yes 156 78.40% No 43 21.60% Association between Socio-demographic Characteristics and use of Emergency Contraceptives The study revealed that there was a significant association between the use of EC and Residence (X 2 =10.9; p=0.004), marital status (X 2 =8.6; p=0.035). On the other hand, there was no association between the use of EC and Religion (X 2 =5.4; p=0.07), age (X 2 =5.1; p=0.167), and Departments (X 2 =4.6, p=0.10). (Table 7) Table 7: Association between socio-demographic characteristics and use of emergency contraceptives Variable Categories Total Have you ever used EC Statistical Test Yes No Age 20 -25 years 42 24(57.1%) 18(42.9%) X2=5.1 26-30 years 41 21(51.2%) 20(48.8%) p=0.167 31-35 years 60 33(55.0%) 27(45.0%) Above 35 years 56 40(71.4%) 16(28.6%) Residences Campus Hostel 40 15(37.5%) 25(62.5%) X2=10.9 Private Hostel 105 65(61.9%) 40(38.1%) p=0.004 My Home 54 38(70.4%) 16(29.6%) Religion Christian 153 93(60.8%) 60(39.2%) X2=5.4 Muslim 41 20(48.8%) 21(51.2%) p=0.07 Traditionalist 5 5(100.0%) 0(0.0%) Marital Status Co-habitating 8 7(87.5%) 1(12.5%) X2=8.6 Divorce/Separated/widow 3 3(100.0%) 0(0.0%) p=0.035 Married 102 65(63.7%) 37(36.3%) Single 86 43(50.0%) 43(50.0%) Department Medical Laboratory Scientist 26 18(69.2%) 8(30.8%) X2=4.6 Nursing 137 84(61.3%) 53(38.7%) p=0.10 Nutrition 36 16(44.4%) 20(55.6%) Discussion In this study, the authors aimed to assess the utilization of emergency contraception among final-year female University students. The study revealed that an overwhelming majority (83.4%) of the respondents knew that the recommended period within which the effect of EC will be realized after administration is 72 hours. This finding is slightly lower than the 87.4% reported in a study among Health Science and Medical Students of Arba Minch University of Ethiopia who knew the timing of the use of Emergency Contraceptive (CE) (Fekadu, 2017 ) The similarities may be because the respondents in both studies were all pursuing medically-related programs and as part of their tuition, issues of family planning are often taught. On the interval for the usage of EC, the majority of the respondents correctly identified the interval of usage of EC as 12 hours. This is corroborated by Leung et al., (Leung et al., 2010 ) who indicated that emergency contraceptives are taken either as a one or two-dose depending on the composition of the drugs. Similarly, some studies argue that though ECs come in two doses, there is no clear-cut rule indicating that they ought to be taken twelve hourly. They made a case that you can take all two doses of ECs at once without any complication (Abbas et al., 2019 ; Raymond & Cleland, 2015 ; Tesfaye et al., 2012 ). The current study reported that 72.4% of the respondents agree that the effectiveness of EC is within 75–99%. This is consistent with Ganatra et al.,(Ganatra et al., 2017 ) who indicated that emergency contraceptives can prevent up to 95% of pregnancies when taken within five days. However, the chances of pregnancy become higher when EC is used after 72 hours. Thus, after 3 to 5 days, ECs are no more very effective in preventing pregnancies. At this stage, it is recommended to see your health provider to suggest other safe options to prevent the pregnancy. About 25.0% of respondents indicated that missed abortion was an indication for emergency contraceptives usage. This is related to a study in Botswana that found that the majority of people considered a missed period to be an improper time to take emergency contraception (Kgosiemang & Blitz, 2018 ). On access to emergency contraceptives, about 70% of the respondents obtained EC from health facilities. This finding is in line with Mishore et al., (Mishore et al., 2019 ) who also reported that the majority of the respondents obtained EC from health centers or pharmacies. The majority (88.4%) of the respondents had sufficient knowledge of emergency contraceptives. This is consistent with 87% reported in Ghana (Ziba & Yakong, 2019 ) and 70.0% in a study conducted in Ethiopia (Mishore et al., 2019 ). These findings are however greater than the 53% reported in Botswana (Kgosiemang & Blitz, 2018 ), 37.4% reported in Northwestern Nigeria (Nwankwo et al., 2021 ), 34.1% reported in Ethiopia (Abate et al., 2014 ), and 21.9% reported in southern Ethiopia (Worku, 2011 ). Contrary to above, 97.7% had poor knowledge in a study conducted in Kaduna, Nigeria (Amina & Regmi, 2014 ). These respondents are offering health-related programs. The huge discrepancies with available literature and the current studies could be influenced by the program offered as espoused above. In this study, 35.7% of the respondents are of the view that emergency contraceptives create a lack of confidence between regular partners. This is consistent with a study conducted by Tajure, (Tajure, 2010 ) where 36.8% of the respondents associated the use of emergency contraceptives with promoting promiscuity. It is a general belief that people who use emergency contraceptives are often promiscuous (Adongo et al., 2014 ; Both & Samuel, 2014 ). This is because, in most settings the usage of contraceptives, be it modern or traditional methods, is often believed to be meant for married people (Kabagenyi et al., 2016 ; Muanda et al., 2017 ). This position is not always true because, sex is a basic need for adolescents (Lindberg et al., 2016 ; Pownall et al., 2012 ). Therefore, adolescents or persons who are not married and yet cannot abstain from sex are often advised to resort to the usage of contraceptives (Harrell-Bond, 2019 ; Mumah et al., 2014 ). However, in situations where some of these contraceptives fail, or one engaging in unprotected sex, then one has to get an emergency contraceptive to avert any unintended pregnancies. The majority (69.8%) of the participants did not believe that the use of emergency contraceptives could be related to infertility. Students’ attitudes towards this were mainly influenced by the high knowledge they already possess on emergency contraceptives. Emergency contraceptive usage generally does not relate to infertility (Tesfaye et al., 2012 ) however excessive usage can be a danger to the women’s health (Joham et al., 2014 ). The majority (72.4%) believed it was a good idea to make emergency contraceptives accessible to all women. This is consistent with a study carried out among health science and medical students of Arba Minch University by Fekadu, (Fekadu, 2017 ) where 84.7% of the participants advocated for emergency contraceptives to be made available to women. This similarity is a result of the respondents offering health-related programs. Contrary to the above, the accessibility of emergency contraceptives to all women and encouraging its usage has a cascading and long-term effect on the development of the girl child. This is so because, oftentimes as girls and women age, they tend to gain some independence. Also, parental supervision declines, and there is a higher influence of peers to engage in sexual relationships (Kgosiemang & Blitz, 2018 ). Therefore, if the usage of an emergency contraceptive is not regulated, it would affect the lives of most girls soon. For instance, Mishore and colleagues (Mishore et al., 2019 ) have contended that providing EC to all women might lead to an increase in risky sexual practices and misuse, resulting in adverse effects, and higher HIV/AIDS risk since unprotected sex would be promoted. The majority of the respondents were willing to use an emergency contraceptive in the future. Fekadu, ( 2017 ) in another study showed that about 88.4% of the respondents were willing to use the EC in the future. This is consistent with the current findings where all respondents have obtained a higher level of education. The majority (84.4%) of the students demonstrated a favorable attitude toward emergency contraceptives. This is consistent with the 87.1% reported by Fekadu, ( 2017 ) to have a favorable attitude towards EC. However, the current study is higher than 71.9% reported having a favorable attitude towards EC use (Dagnachew, 2017 ), 62.9% in Ethiopia (Tesfaye et al., 2012 ), 50.9% in Nigeria (Nwankwo et al., 2021 ), 50.1% in Southern Ethiopia (Worku, 2011 ). Contrary to the above, in some jurisdictions, the majority of the respondents had a very poor attitude towards EC. For instance, 53.6% of respondents in Ethiopia were reported to have poor attitudes towards EC, about 55% in Botswana (Kgosiemang & Blitz, 2018 ). The attitude towards EC is highly influenced by the high knowledge of the study respondents reported in this study. In the current study, the majority of the respondents have demonstrated appreciable knowledge of emergency contraceptives. Also, 59.3% of the respondents have ever used emergency contraceptives. This finding is consistent with 58.8% reported by Fekadu,(Fekadu, 2017 ). This is lower than the 62.3% reported in Nigeria by Nwankwo et al., (Nwankwo et al., 2021 ). On the other hand, this study finding is higher than 22.1% reported on the use of emergency contraceptives in Botswana (Kgosiemang & Blitz, 2018 ), 9.7% in Ethiopia (Abate et al., 2014 ), 2.7% used emergency contraceptives in southern Ethiopia (Worku, 2011 ), 6.8% used emergency contraceptives in Southwestern Ethiopia (Tajure, 2010 ) and 47.4% used emergency contraceptives in Tanzania (Kara et al., 2019 ). This is also higher than, 33.3% of emergency contraceptives use reported in the Upper East of Ghana (Ziba & Yakong, 2019 ), and 36.0% used emergency contraceptives in Accra (Darteh & Doku, 2016 ). The discrepancies may be attributed to the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. In the current study, over 80.0% of respondents were above 25 years and over half of them married. It can therefore be said that some others may choose to use the emergency contraceptives as a result of failure from other contraceptives such as broken condoms, missed pills, etc. and some may also use them to prevent pregnancy. This is further supported by the majority of the respondents getting a recommendation to use emergency contraceptives from health professionals. There is available literature that supports these findings where some contraceptives including emergency contraceptives are used to correct the menses (Creinin et al., 2006 ; Gainer et al., 2006 ). Postinor-2, Lydia post-pill, NorLevo, and pregnon are some of the most often used emergency contraceptive tablets in Ghana. The most common EC brand in this study was Postinor-2. This is because the majority of these may be obtained without a medical prescription from pharmacies and family planning clinics (Mohammed et al., 2019 ). The participants indicated that their reasons for not utilizing ECs were that they wanted to be pregnant, others were uninformed about emergency contraception, and spouses were opposed to their decision to use EC. Another reason given for not utilizing emergency contraceptives was religious beliefs. Similar findings were observed in Botswana, where respondents stated that ECs violated their religious convictions, which is why they do not use them (Kgosiemang & Blitz, 2018 ). This, therefore, call for high-level consultation with stakeholder (Chiefs, religious leaders, Health care providers) to get to the button of these issues. Conclusion Unwanted pregnancies can be avoided with the use of emergency contraception. Students had a higher level of awareness and knowledge of emergency contraceptives, according to the study. Religion, partner reluctance, lack of information, affordability, and availability of emergency contraceptives (EC) have all been mentioned as variables that may influence their usage of EC. Health education initiatives should be targeted at secondary and tertiary students to deliver correct information about emergency contraceptives and improve access to emergency contraceptives. Also, there is the need to engage opinion leaders to address their concerns to allow for the effective utilization of emergency contraceptives. List Of Abbreviations EC- emergency contraceptives, UDS- University for Development Studies, TFR-Total Fertility Rate, SSA-Sub-Saharan Africa, SDGs-Sustainable Development Goals, WHO-World Health Organisation, UNFPA- United Nations Population Fund, SoM-School of Medicine, SAHS-School of Allied Health Sciences, SoMN-School of Nursing and Midwifery, SPH-School of Public Health, FOE-Faculty of Education, DRI-Desert Research Institute (DRI). Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate The Ethics Committee on Human Research, Publications, and Ethics granted ethics to this study with reference number (CHRPE/AP/520/21). Permission was sought from each respondent before being involved in this study. Participants gave informed written consent after they got full information about the study. Those who refused to consent voluntarily were left out of the study. Consent for publication Not applicable Availability of data and materials The data used to support this study are available from the corresponding author upon request. Competing interests Authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Funding No funding was obtained for this study. Authors' contributions This work was carried out in collaboration among all authors. Authors EP, CAA, and FA conceived and designed the study protocols. Authors MNA, GTN, and VNY wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Author MNA performed the data analysis. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-1067157","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":63083672,"identity":"b268e39c-e88a-494a-b5b5-e617237c75f5","order_by":0,"name":"Gilbert Ti-enkawol Nachinab","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University for Development Studies","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Gilbert","middleName":"Ti-enkawol","lastName":"Nachinab","suffix":""},{"id":63083673,"identity":"858acbda-287b-4ef6-a4f5-887e9bbf3810","order_by":1,"name":"Mubarick Nungbaso Asumah","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABFElEQVRIie3QMWrDMBSA4RcE6uLEq6jBvoKCwKX4KF3spVrkkilTMJ48hczOLXwEF0G8hMyCZnAouEM9BAqhS0PUThnstN0K1Q8PCcEHkgBMpj8aOtuXLkCoV6yH/JCw35Mo/Y7ckFi+TmaJC1dVc61mW15UvIb9VIJ3l3aS2/zhPshXkoElfEesmrhYt3SQbySMt2UnoUr4zMKf9xHYEVjGhRKAhpkmeXiBHJMotV8aRxwlp4rX6OMyYc/DDEUpCX0nzmRIVUjRQBOP9JB166PlQjJMWhbECzle6rc8zjfcon2kEuxtckhc2+a7J3GQ3qjiu/p9Grhez8V0+Ov/8flRqceiZZ8AtO8+99JeYjKZTP+rE1W7ZBsP0jojAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6597-8059","institution":"University for Development Studies","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mubarick","middleName":"Nungbaso","lastName":"Asumah","suffix":""},{"id":63083674,"identity":"d885d101-c0b6-45b2-adcd-17a9bca3b3f8","order_by":2,"name":"Vida Nyagre Yakong","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University for Development Studies","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Vida","middleName":"Nyagre","lastName":"Yakong","suffix":""},{"id":63083675,"identity":"54605284-8446-4794-80cc-a280e73390f6","order_by":3,"name":"Edwina Pwamang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University for Development Studies","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Edwina","middleName":"","lastName":"Pwamang","suffix":""},{"id":63083676,"identity":"02c9152f-523f-495b-ada1-f230fc1b8be7","order_by":4,"name":"Cynthia Apawo Awe","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University for Development Studies","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Cynthia","middleName":"Apawo","lastName":"Awe","suffix":""},{"id":63083677,"identity":"61774fa4-1284-4ecc-9722-7b1cc3992eb0","order_by":5,"name":"Freda Alowri","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University for Development Studies","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Freda","middleName":"","lastName":"Alowri","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2021-11-10 10:18:05","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1067157/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1067157/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":15598103,"identity":"04f1916e-c3d0-4d91-8135-d6cd51369749","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-11-16 15:46:25","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":55850,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Overall levels of knowledge on emergency contraceptives among final year female university students","description":"","filename":"fig1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1067157/v1/a8b43787636c9cc1cd33e9dc.jpg"},{"id":15598104,"identity":"96244789-0e03-4593-8ecf-d9b6ca9e8e51","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-11-16 15:46:25","extension":"jpg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":47419,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Overall attitude towards EC among respondents ","description":"","filename":"fig2.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1067157/v1/e8a4079ae5f604a383632848.jpg"},{"id":17807252,"identity":"f282e89f-3c19-44e2-8ce1-051d0d02e765","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-01-31 15:29:54","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":665660,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-1067157/v1/9f958f2f-87c3-4e61-8a69-8b24c015a632.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eUtilisation of Emergency Contraception Among Final Year University Female Students\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Plain Language Summary","content":"\u003cp\u003eWhen female students get pregnant in their course of education the pregnancies are often viewed as unintended pregnancies. In an attempt to prevent unintended pregnancies, some females tend to do use Emergency Contraceptive (EC). The purpose of the study was to assess the perspective of final year female university students on the usage of emergency contractive.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe students were selected from the department of nursing, nutrition, and medical laboratory sciences. The selected students were given a questionnaire to assess their knowledge, attitude, and utilization of emergency contraceptives.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe results indicate that majority of the students had sufficient knowledge of emergency contraceptives by stating correctly that Emergency Contraceptives (EC) should be taken within 72 hours of unprotected sexual intercourse. Regarding attitude, most of the students knew that EC does not protect one against sexually transmitted diseases but it should be made accessible to all females. Less than half of them indicated that their religion frowns against the use of EC. The study revealed that the majority of the students have ever used EC. The students got information about EC from friends, health professionals, and their partners. Most of the students used Postinor-2.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study findings indicate that final-year female students have a higher level of knowledge and a positive attitude towards EC utilization. They know when and how to take EC and generally feel positive towards the utilization of EC. There is some indication that some of the students will use EC in the future to prevent unintended pregnancies.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eGlobally, the incidence of unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortion has emerged as major concerns in the landscape of public health, especially among female adolescents in developed and developing countries(Manortey et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e). Young and unmarried women are more vulnerable to unsafe abortions (Issah, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e; Kongnyuy et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2007\u003c/span\u003e). Emergency contraception (EC) is a kind of contemporary contraception that is used after unprotected sexual contact, sexual abuse, misusing regular contraception, or not using contraception at all (Demissie et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Hammoud et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). EC is critical in avoiding unwanted pregnancy; it helps to minimize unexpected childbirth and unsafe abortion, both of which are important maternal health issues (Hammoud et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e; Neinstein, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2008\u003c/span\u003e). Additionally, EC aids in avoiding the socioeconomic stigma and health consequences of unwanted and unexpected pregnancy (Starrs et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR48\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). Young women who are susceptible to sexual assault and frequently lack the skills and authority to negotiate the use of a condom should have access to EC (UNFPA, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR51\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e). According to additional studies, using emergency contraception can dramatically lower the number of abortion-related morbidity and mortality (Abraha et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e; Ajayi et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlobally, over 70,000 girls within the ages of 10 to 19 years are said to die per annum as a result of unintended pregnancy and childbirth, and about 3.2 million girls within the ages of 15 to 19 years practice unsafe abortions in lower and middle-income countries(Akinlusi et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). Out of this number, young women below the age of 25 years in only Africa contributed to nearly two-thirds (i.e. over 65%) of all unsafe abortions in the world (Akinlusi et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e; UNFPA, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR51\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e). According to WHO, over 25 million (representing 45percent) abortions each year between 2010 and 2014 were unsafe, with over twenty-four (24) million (i.e. about 97 percent) of unsafe abortion emanating from developing countries(Ganatra et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the African continent, the yearly unsafe (induced) abortion rates from 2003 to 2008 show a rise from 5.6 million to 6.4 million. Thirteen percent (13%) of all pregnancies in Africa ended as abortion in 2008 (Ganatra et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e). Out of the 6.4 million abortions recorded in the year 2008, only 3% were performed legally(Ganatra et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e). Abortion rates estimated for West Africa are among the highest worldwide (Singh et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR47\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), contraceptive usage is still poor, which may lead to high rates of undesired pregnancies, unexpected births, unsafe abortions, maternal mortality, and sexually transmitted infection transmission (Apanga \u0026amp; Adam, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e). Not just for clinical results, but also in the context of population expansion, pregnancy planning is essential. The use of various forms of contraceptives in family planning programs is widely recognized as a critical component of attaining the Sustainable Development Goals-3 (SDGs) (Berhe et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn Ghana, knowledge, and awareness of any contraceptive technique is nearly ubiquitous, with 98 percent of women and 99 percent of men knowing at least one contraceptive method (Ghana Health Service, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e). While 47.4% of Ghanaian women have used contraception in the past, just 20% are currently using it. Also, 30 percent of married women in Ghana have unmet family planning needs, with 17 percent having unmet spacing needs and 13 percent having unmet limiting needs. Ghanaian women, on average, had 0.6 children more than their optimal number of 3.6. The total fertility rate (TFR) was 17 percent higher than it would have been if undesired births were prevented (Ghana Statistical Service, Ghana Health Service, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e). Unwanted pregnancies frequently result in unsafe abortions, which can result in problems such as bleeding, infections, infertility, or even death (Atuhaire, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e; Leke \u0026amp; Nana, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e). In Ghana, emergency contraceptive pills such as postinor-2, Lydia post-pill, Nor-Levo, and pregnon are accessible without a prescription from physicians and family planning clinics (Issah, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e; Ziba \u0026amp; Yakong, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR53\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). About 23 percent of young females aged 12-19 in the Northern Region of Ghana have already been reported as mothers or pregnant (Ziem\u0026amp; Gyebi, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR54\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e). Avoidable pregnancies have resulted in too many negative effects and unwanted childbirth across the world and as well responsible for over eight hundred maternal deaths daily in developing countries.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn a study of student nurses and midwives in Ghana's Northern Region, 166 (86.91%) stated they had heard of EC before the research, but only 49 (25.65%) reported they had ever used it. Those with a rudimentary understanding of EC, on the other hand, lacked specific information of the content efficacy and temporal schedule after unprotected intercourse (Mohammed et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnplanned pregnancies have far-reaching implications in Ghana. In the Tamale Teaching Hospital, for example, unsafe abortion is the fourth-largest cause of maternal mortality, with the majority of deaths happening in women aged 15 to 34 years (Gumanga et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e). According to research, unplanned pregnancies among unmarried adolescents are more likely to result in induced abortion (Morris \u0026amp; Rushwan, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e). Although emergency contraception is an excellent means of preventing unintended pregnancies, it is often underused(Abraha et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e; Haeger et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). In Sub-Saharan Africa, for example, access to conventional contraceptive techniques is relatively limited; the continent's average contraceptive prevalence is around 27%. (Ajayi et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e). In addition, maternal mortality is predicted to be 1.8 times greater in women who do not utilize contraception (Aniteye et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e). However, there was a low level of support for family planning among these teenagers, since the majority of these sexually active adolescents were not using any type of contraception and had little awareness of the many current techniques (Ghana Health Service, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e). Due to a variety of circumstances, including a lack of contraceptive awareness, restricted access to health services, and contraceptive failure, many teenage girls, especially newly married females, are at high risk of unintended pregnancies (Munakampe et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStudents at universities are active in the acceptance and dissemination of innovation throughout various sectors of society. As a result, they are expected to be at the forefront of EC knowledge and its application. However, there is very limited information on emergency contraceptives among tertiary students. In the University, most students are being influenced by their peers, as parental guidance and control are often minimal. So, some of these students through influence may indulge in activities that could result in unwanted pregnancies. For the married, some pregnancies may still be considered unintended. It is against this background, the study wishes to investigate the utilization of emergency contraception among final year female students of the University for Development Studies (UDS), Tamale campus.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods And Materials","content":"\u003ch2\u003eStudy Setting\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study was carried out at the University for Development Student (UDS), Tamale Campus, The largest university in the northern part of Ghana. According to the University Registrar\u0026apos;s Office, there were approximately 7,560 undergraduate students on the Tamale campus of which approximately 2,801 were female (unpublished data). The Tamale Campus has the following faculties;\u0026nbsp;School of Medicine (SoM), School of Allied Health Sciences (SAHS), School of Nursing and Midwifery (SoNM), School of Public Health (SPH), Faculty of Education (FoE), and Desert Research Institute (DRI)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eStudy Design\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA descriptive cross-sectional study, using the quantitative approach was adopted for this study.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSample Population\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe sample population included students of the Nursing, Community Nutrition, and Biomedical Laboratory Science, UDS-Tamale campus.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eInclusion and Exclusion Criteria\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe inclusion of respondents was based on the program of study at the selected university. These respondents were drawn from; Department of Nursing, Community Nutrition, and Biomedical Laboratory Science, who are of sound mind and have consented voluntarily to be part of this study.\u0026nbsp;The midwifery department was excluded from the study because \u0026quot;family planning and contraceptive use\u0026quot; is a major part of the course taught during their period of training, hence, we felt including midwifery students might not paint a true picture especially regarding knowledge and attitude of emergency contraceptives.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSample size determination\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Raosoft sample size calculator was used to calculate the sample size(Raosoft, n.d.). Based on the significance level of 95%, a margin of error of 5%, response distribution of 50%, and sample population of 410 (i.e., the total number of final year students), the sample size was estimated as 199 students.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eSampling methods and techniques\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA Stratified Random Sampling (Proportionate Stratified Sampling) technique was used for the study. A sample frame (N) was identified and categorized into various strata using faculties. The sample size was further divided per stratum based on the size of the stratum. After getting the sample per stratum, consecutive sampling was employed to select participants of the stratum until the sample size was exhausted. This method of sampling provided an equal representation of the various departments based on the size of each department.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eData collection tools\u0026nbsp;and procedures\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData was collected using a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire adapted from existing literature(Dagnachew, 2017; Issah, 2021; Mishore et al., 2019)\u0026nbsp;and modified to meet the objectives of this study. According to the study\u0026apos;s specific objectives, the questionnaire was divided into four components. Section A contained questions about the respondent\u0026rsquo;s demographics, Section B contained questions about their reproductive characteristics, Section C contained questions about their knowledge of emergency contraception, Section D contained questions about their attitude toward emergency contraception, and finally, Section E contained questions about their practice or use of emergency contraception.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBefore meeting the respondents, permission was sort from the heads of department (HOD). Then the study protocol was explained to the respondents and then consent was obtained. Respondents who met the inclusion criteria and have consented to voluntarily participate in this study would then be given a questionnaire to fill and give back to the research team members or the course representative after completion, in a sealed envelope. The course representatives, upon receipt of these sealed envelopes, forwarded it to the research team for safekeeping.\u0026nbsp;The research team was always available to offer support to those who needed further explanations on specific questions. This was done to ensure that respondents who needed assistance got assisted to choose the responses that applied to them. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eData analysis and presentation\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software version 25 was used to code and analyze the data.\u0026nbsp;Analysis was conducted quantitatively using\u0026nbsp;descriptive and inferential statistics and results\u0026nbsp;were displayed using graphs and tables.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo calculate the composite score for knowledge, all eleven (11) questions were scored. Thus, responses that were considered correct according to literature were scored \u0026quot;1\u0026quot;(a point), and negative, wrong, and \u0026quot;I don\u0026apos;t know\u0026quot; responses were scored \u0026quot;0\u0026quot;. The scores were added together and a percentage was obtained. Thereafter, those who obtained 50% and above and those who scored less than 50% were said to have sufficient and insufficient knowledge on EC respectively. To estimate the overall attitude of respondents towards EC, all eight (8) questions were scored. Those who obtained 50% or more were said to have a favorable attitude whereas those who obtained less than 50% were said to have an unfavorable attitude towards EC.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo compare categorical variables, Chi-square analysis was employed, and a p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eQuality control measures \u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo ensure that the data collected were reliable and valid, the questionnaire was pre-tested among the medical students within the school. Thirty (30) medical students were interviewed during the pre-testing. The pre-testing (piloting) helped in restructuring the questionnaire to elicit the right response that can answer the specific objective. It also provided the research team the opportunity to familiarize themselves with the data collection process, and to rectify all difficulties before the actual data was collected. The questionnaire was shown to experienced researchers in the area for face validity.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSocio-demographic characteristics\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 1 below shows the socio-demographics of the respondents. Most 60(30.2%) of the respondent were within the ages of 31 to 35 years. More than half 108(52.8%) of the respondents resided in private hostels, the majority 153 (76.9%) of the respondent are Christians, and about half 102(51.3%) of the students were married. On ethnicity, most 72 (36.2%) respondents were Kassena-Nankana, the majority of the students 137 (68.8%) were in the Nursing Department (Table 1).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eTable 1: Sociodemographics characteristics\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.69488536155203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"39.85890652557319%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCategories\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.811287477954146%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency (N)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.634920634920636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercentage (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.69488536155203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"39.85890652557319%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 -25 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.811287477954146%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.634920634920636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.10%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.69488536155203%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"39.85890652557319%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26-30 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.811287477954146%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.634920634920636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.60%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.69488536155203%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"39.85890652557319%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31-35 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.811287477954146%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.634920634920636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.20%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.69488536155203%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"39.85890652557319%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAbove 35 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.811287477954146%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.634920634920636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.10%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.69488536155203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eResidences\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"39.85890652557319%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCampus Hostel\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.811287477954146%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.634920634920636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.10%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.69488536155203%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"39.85890652557319%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrivate Hostel\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.811287477954146%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e105\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.634920634920636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52.80%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.69488536155203%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"39.85890652557319%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMy Home\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.811287477954146%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.634920634920636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.10%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.69488536155203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReligion\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"39.85890652557319%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChristian\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.811287477954146%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e153\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.634920634920636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76.90%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.69488536155203%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"39.85890652557319%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMuslim\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.811287477954146%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.634920634920636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.60%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.69488536155203%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"39.85890652557319%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTraditionalist\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.811287477954146%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.634920634920636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.50%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.69488536155203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarital Status\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"39.85890652557319%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.811287477954146%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.634920634920636%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.69488536155203%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"39.85890652557319%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCo-habitating\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.811287477954146%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.634920634920636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.69488536155203%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"39.85890652557319%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDivorce/Separated/widow\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.811287477954146%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.634920634920636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.50%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.69488536155203%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"39.85890652557319%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarried\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.811287477954146%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e102\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.634920634920636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.30%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.69488536155203%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"39.85890652557319%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSingle\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.811287477954146%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.634920634920636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.20%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.69488536155203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEthnicity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"39.85890652557319%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.811287477954146%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.634920634920636%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.69488536155203%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"39.85890652557319%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKassana/Nankana/Talensi\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.811287477954146%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.634920634920636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.20%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.69488536155203%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"39.85890652557319%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDagomba\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.811287477954146%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.634920634920636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.60%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.69488536155203%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"39.85890652557319%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAkan\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.811287477954146%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.634920634920636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.60%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.69488536155203%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"39.85890652557319%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWalaa\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.811287477954146%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.634920634920636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.50%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.69488536155203%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"39.85890652557319%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDagarti\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.811287477954146%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.634920634920636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.69488536155203%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"39.85890652557319%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.811287477954146%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.634920634920636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.10%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.69488536155203%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDepartment\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"39.85890652557319%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.811287477954146%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.634920634920636%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.69488536155203%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"39.85890652557319%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedical Laboratory Scientist\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.811287477954146%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.634920634920636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.10%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.69488536155203%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"39.85890652557319%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNursing\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.811287477954146%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e137\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.634920634920636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68.80%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.69488536155203%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"39.85890652557319%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNutrition\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.811287477954146%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.634920634920636%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.20%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLevels of Knowledge on Emergency Contraceptives\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn this study, the majority 166(83.4%) of the respondents agreed that it is recommended to take Emergency Contraceptives (EC) within 72 hours, 144(72.4%) agreed that the effectiveness of EC is 75-99%, and 130(65.3%) of the students\u0026rsquo; believed EC is very safe. The majority 146 (73.4%) of the respondents were aware that the recommended doses of EC are two (2), and 185 (65.3%) agreed that the recommended time interval for EC is 12 hours.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn the indications of the use of EC, the following were identified in this study; after unprotected sex 185 (65.3%), after a missed period 45 (22.6%), when one is raped 166 (83.4%), unwanted pregnancy 151 (75.9%), and rupture of condoms 177 (88.9%). \u0026nbsp; The majority 136 (68.3%) of students held that EC was available at the health facilities (Table 2).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eTable 2: Level of knowledge on emergency contraceptives among final year female university students\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"50.965824665676074%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStatements\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.413075780089153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes (N, %)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.413075780089153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo (N, %)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.208023774145616%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDon\u0026apos;t know (N, %)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"50.965824665676074%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRecommended time to take EC is within 72 hours\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.413075780089153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e166(83.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.413075780089153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25(12.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.208023774145616%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8(4.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"50.965824665676074%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEffectiveness of EC is 75-99%?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.413075780089153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e144(72.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.413075780089153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34(17.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.208023774145616%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21(10.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"50.965824665676074%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEC is very safe?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.413075780089153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e130(65.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.413075780089153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55(27.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.208023774145616%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14(7.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"50.965824665676074%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRecommended doses of EC are two (2)?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.413075780089153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e146(73.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.413075780089153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28(14.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.208023774145616%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25(12.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"50.965824665676074%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe recommended time interval for EC is 12 hours?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.413075780089153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e130(65.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.413075780089153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43(21.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.208023774145616%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26(13.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"50.965824665676074%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRecommended for use after unprotected sex?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.413075780089153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e185(65.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.413075780089153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10(5.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.208023774145616%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4(2.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"50.965824665676074%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEC is recommended after missed period?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.413075780089153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45(22.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.413075780089153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e145(72.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.208023774145616%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9(4.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"50.965824665676074%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEC is recommended when one is raped?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.413075780089153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e166(83.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.413075780089153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44(22.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.208023774145616%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6(3.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"50.965824665676074%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEC is recommended for unwanted pregnancy?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.413075780089153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e151(75.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.413075780089153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44(22.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.208023774145616%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4(2.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"50.965824665676074%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEC is recommended as a result of rupture of condoms during sex?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.413075780089153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e177(88.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.413075780089153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18(9.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.208023774145616%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4(2.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"50.965824665676074%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEC is mostly available at the health facilities?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.413075780089153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e136(68.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.413075780089153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49(24.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.208023774145616%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14(7.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study further revealed that the overall levels of knowledge on EC among final year female university students were sufficient 176 (88.4%) while 23 (11.6%) of the students demonstrated insufficient knowledge (figure 1).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAssociation between Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Levels of Knowledge on Emergency Contraceptives\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn the association between the respondents\u0026apos; characteristics and the level of knowledge on EC, 11(26.2%) of respondents within 20 to 25 years has insufficient knowledge while 31(73.8%) had sufficient knowledge. \u0026nbsp;The majority of respondents 36 (87.8%) \u0026nbsp;within 26 to 30 years had sufficient knowledge but 5(12.2%) had insufficient knowledge. More respondents54(96.4%) above 35 years had sufficient knowledge than 55 (91.7%) of respondents who were within 31 to 35 years. The association between age and knowledge of EC was statistically significant (X\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=12.9; p=0.005).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn religion, the study revealed a statistically significant association with the level of knowledge on EC (X\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=12.0; p=0.003). The knowledge levels of respondents on EC were significantly associated with marital status (X\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=28.4; p\u0026lt;0.001) and Department (X\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=7.9; p=0.019). (Table 3)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eTable 3: Association between socio-demographic characteristics and levels of knowledge on emergency contraceptives\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.61341853035144%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"26.837060702875398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCategories\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.702875399361023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"30.191693290734825%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKnowledge of EC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"15.654952076677317%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStatistical test\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.61341853035144%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"26.837060702875398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.702875399361023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.536741214057509%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInsufficient\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"15.654952076677317%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSufficient\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"15.654952076677317%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.61341853035144%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"26.837060702875398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 -25 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.702875399361023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.536741214057509%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11(26.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"15.654952076677317%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31(73.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"15.654952076677317%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eX\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e=12.9\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.61341853035144%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"26.837060702875398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26-30 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.702875399361023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.536741214057509%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5(12.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"15.654952076677317%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36(87.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"15.654952076677317%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ep=0.005\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.61341853035144%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"26.837060702875398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31-35 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.702875399361023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.536741214057509%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5(8.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.309904153354633%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55(91.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.61341853035144%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"26.837060702875398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAbove 35 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.702875399361023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.536741214057509%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(3.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.309904153354633%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54(96.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.61341853035144%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eResidences\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"26.837060702875398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCampus Hostel\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.702875399361023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.536741214057509%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6(15.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"15.654952076677317%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34(85.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"15.654952076677317%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eX\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=0.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.61341853035144%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"26.837060702875398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrivate Hostel\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.702875399361023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e105\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.536741214057509%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11(10.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"15.654952076677317%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e94(89.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"15.654952076677317%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep=0.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.61341853035144%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"26.837060702875398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMy Home\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.702875399361023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.536741214057509%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6(11.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.309904153354633%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48(88.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.61341853035144%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReligion\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"26.837060702875398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChristian\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.702875399361023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e153\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.536741214057509%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15(9.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"15.654952076677317%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e138(90.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"15.654952076677317%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eX\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e=12.0\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.61341853035144%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"26.837060702875398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMuslim\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.702875399361023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.536741214057509%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5(12.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"15.654952076677317%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36(87.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"15.654952076677317%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ep=0.003\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.61341853035144%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"26.837060702875398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTraditionalist\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.702875399361023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.536741214057509%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3(60.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"15.654952076677317%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(40.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"15.654952076677317%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.61341853035144%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarital Status\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"26.837060702875398%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.702875399361023%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.536741214057509%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"15.654952076677317%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"15.654952076677317%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.61341853035144%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"26.837060702875398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCo-habitating\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.702875399361023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.536741214057509%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5(62.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"15.654952076677317%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3(37.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"15.654952076677317%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eX\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e=28.4\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.61341853035144%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"26.837060702875398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDivorce/Separated/widow\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.702875399361023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.536741214057509%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"15.654952076677317%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3(100.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"15.654952076677317%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.61341853035144%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"26.837060702875398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarried\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.702875399361023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e102\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.536741214057509%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4(3.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.309904153354633%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98(96.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.61341853035144%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"26.837060702875398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSingle\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.702875399361023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.536741214057509%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14(16.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.309904153354633%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72(83.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.61341853035144%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDepartment\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"26.837060702875398%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.702875399361023%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.536741214057509%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"15.654952076677317%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"15.654952076677317%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.61341853035144%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"26.837060702875398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedical Laboratory Science\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.702875399361023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.536741214057509%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5(19.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"15.654952076677317%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21(80.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"15.654952076677317%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eX\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e=7.9\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.61341853035144%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"26.837060702875398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNursing\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.702875399361023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e137\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.536741214057509%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10(7.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"15.654952076677317%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e127(92.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"15.654952076677317%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ep=0.019\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.61341853035144%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"26.837060702875398%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNutrition\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.702875399361023%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.536741214057509%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8(22.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.309904153354633%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28(77.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAttitudes towards Emergency Contraceptives\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe majority 111(55.8%) of the students disagreed that EC use will cause infertility, 111 (55.8%) disagreed that EC creates a lack of confidence between partners. A total of 144(72.4%) agreed that it was a good idea to make EC accessible to all females, 185(93%) did not think EC could protect against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and 165 (82.9%) agreed that EC pills can fail. More than half 123(61.8%) of the respondents were willing to use EC shortly. Less than half 88(42.2%) of the respondents agree that EC should be used once every month, and 87 (43.7%) said their religion frowns against the use of EC (Table 4).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eTable 4: Attitudes towards emergency contraceptives\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"47.706422018348626%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStatements\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17.431192660550458%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes (N, %)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"13.761467889908257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo (N, %)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"21.10091743119266%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDon\u0026apos;t know (N, %)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"47.706422018348626%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEC use will cause infertility in a woman?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17.431192660550458%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60(30.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"13.761467889908257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e111(55.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"21.10091743119266%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28(14.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"47.706422018348626%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDoes EC create a lack of confidence between regular partners?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17.431192660550458%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71(35.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"13.761467889908257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e111(55.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"21.10091743119266%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17(8.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"47.706422018348626%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIt is a good idea to make EC accessible to all females?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17.431192660550458%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e144(72.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"13.761467889908257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50(25.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"21.10091743119266%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5(2.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"47.706422018348626%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIt is not accepted in my religion to use EC?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17.431192660550458%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e87(43.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"13.761467889908257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e97(48.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"21.10091743119266%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15(7.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"47.706422018348626%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI am willing to use EC shortly?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17.431192660550458%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e123(61.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"13.761467889908257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63(31.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"21.10091743119266%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13(6.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"47.706422018348626%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEmergency contraceptives cannot protect one from sexually transmitted infections?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17.431192660550458%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e185(93.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"13.761467889908257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12(6.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"21.10091743119266%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(1.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"47.706422018348626%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEmergency contraceptives should be used only once every month?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17.431192660550458%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88(44.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"13.761467889908257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84(42.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"21.10091743119266%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27(13.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"47.706422018348626%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEmergency contraceptive pills can fail you?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17.431192660550458%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e165(82.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"13.761467889908257%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23(11.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"21.10091743119266%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11(5.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the end, 168(84.4%) of the respondents were said to have a favorable attitude towards EC and 31(15.6%) had an unfavorable attitude towards EC as shown in figure 2 below\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAssociation between Socio-demographic Characteristics and Attitudes towards Emergency Contraceptives Use\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 5 as shown below illustrates the association between socio-demographic and attitude towards EC. The study revealed that there was a significant statistical association between attitude towards EC and Residence (X\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=7.5; p=0.023). The association between overall attitude and Religion (X\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=6.2; p=0.042), and the marital status of the respondents (X\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=17.1, p=0.001) were statistically significant. On the other hand, this study did not establish any association between attitude towards EC and age of the respondents (X\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=6.9; p=0.076), and department (X\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=2.1, p=0.34).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 5: \u003c/strong\u003eAssociation between socio-demographic characteristics and attitudes towards emergency contraceptives\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.351851851851851%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.98148148148148%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCategories\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.506172839506172%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"33.641975308641975%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe overall attitude towards EC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.51851851851852%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStatistical test\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.351851851851851%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.98148148148148%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.506172839506172%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.97530864197531%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFavorable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnfavorable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.51851851851852%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.351851851851851%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.98148148148148%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 -25 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.506172839506172%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.97530864197531%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31(73.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11(26.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.51851851851852%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eX\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=6.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.351851851851851%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.98148148148148%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26-30 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.506172839506172%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.97530864197531%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37(90.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4(9.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.51851851851852%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep=0.076\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.351851851851851%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.98148148148148%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31-35 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.506172839506172%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.97530864197531%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49(81.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"35.18518518518518%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11(18.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.351851851851851%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.98148148148148%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAbove 35 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.506172839506172%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.97530864197531%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51(91.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5(8.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.51851851851852%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.351851851851851%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eResidences\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.98148148148148%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCampus Hostel\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.506172839506172%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.97530864197531%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39(97.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(2.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.51851851851852%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eX\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e=7.5\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.351851851851851%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.98148148148148%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrivate Hostel\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.506172839506172%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e105\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.97530864197531%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83(79.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22(21.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.51851851851852%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ep=0.023\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.351851851851851%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.98148148148148%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMy Home\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.506172839506172%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.97530864197531%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46(85.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8(14.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.51851851851852%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.351851851851851%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReligion\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.98148148148148%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChristian\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.506172839506172%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e153\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.97530864197531%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e126(82.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27(17.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.51851851851852%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eX\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e=6.3\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.351851851851851%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.98148148148148%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMuslim\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.506172839506172%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.97530864197531%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39(95.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(4.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.51851851851852%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ep=0.042\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.351851851851851%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.98148148148148%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTraditionalist\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.506172839506172%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.97530864197531%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3(60.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(40.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.51851851851852%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"33.333333333333336%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarital Status\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.506172839506172%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.97530864197531%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.666666666666668%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.51851851851852%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.351851851851851%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.98148148148148%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCo-habitating\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.506172839506172%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.97530864197531%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3(37.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5(62.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.51851851851852%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eX\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003e=17.1\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.351851851851851%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.98148148148148%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDivorce/widow\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.506172839506172%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.97530864197531%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3(100.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.51851851851852%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ep=0.001\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.351851851851851%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.98148148148148%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarried\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.506172839506172%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e102\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.97530864197531%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e92(90.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10(9.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.51851851851852%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.351851851851851%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.98148148148148%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSingle\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.506172839506172%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.97530864197531%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70(81.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"35.18518518518518%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16(18.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.351851851851851%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDepartment\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.98148148148148%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.506172839506172%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.97530864197531%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.666666666666668%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.51851851851852%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.351851851851851%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.98148148148148%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMLS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.506172839506172%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.97530864197531%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20(76.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6(23.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.51851851851852%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eX\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=2.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.351851851851851%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.98148148148148%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNursing\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.506172839506172%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e137\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.97530864197531%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e119(86.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18(13.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.51851851851852%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep=0.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.351851851851851%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.98148148148148%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNutrition\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.506172839506172%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.97530864197531%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29(80.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.666666666666668%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7(19.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.51851851851852%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUse of Emergency Contraceptives\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study revealed that the majority 118 (59.3%) of the respondents have ever used EC. EC was recommended by friends 63(53.4%), health professionals 78(66.1%), and Partners 23 (19.5%). Most 87 (43.7%) of the respondents used Postinor-2, and 91 (45.7%) have not used EC in the past six months while 64(32.2%) have used EC once in the past six months. The majority 147 (73.9%) used EC to prevent pregnancy with 11 (55.8%) experiencing no adverse effect. \u0026nbsp;A total of 79 (39.7%) respondents spends GHS 10 on a pack of EC, the majority 114(57.3%) of the respondents knew of friends who use EC, 122 (61.3%) believe that support from friends make it easier for you to use EC, 116 (58.3%), believe the availability of EC makes its usage easier, and 156 (78.4%) believe the availability of EC pills make it easier to use. For those who do not use EC, 27 (13.6%) did not know where to find it, 32 (16.1%) do not know EC, and 28 (14.1%) said their partners were opposed to the use of EC (Table 6).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eTable 6: Use of emergency contraceptives\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCategories\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercentage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHave you ever used EC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e118\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59.30%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.70%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"65.55023923444976%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWho recommended EC for you\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFriends\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.40%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHealth professionals\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66.10%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePartners\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.50%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"65.55023923444976%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWhat contraceptive method do you use\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCondom\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.50%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDepo Provera\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.50%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePostinor-2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.70%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eImplants\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.50%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLydia contraceptive\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.10%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNatural family planning\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.50%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"65.55023923444976%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe reason why I did not use EC was\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDon\u0026apos;t know where to find it\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.60%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo knowledge about EC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.10%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePartner opposed to using EC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.10%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"65.55023923444976%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe reason why I used EC was?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePartner proposed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.60%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFears of pregnancy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e147\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73.90%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAffects my period/menses\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.60%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHow many times have you used emergency contraceptive Pills (Postinor-2) in the last six months?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOnce\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.20%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTwice\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.60%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThrice\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.50%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003efour times\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMore than four times\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.00%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.70%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"65.55023923444976%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe last time I used EC, I was told...?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo information\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.70%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePills would make me vomit/feels nauseous\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.60%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIt can affect my period/menses\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.60%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIt can make me feel weak/dizziness\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.60%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"65.55023923444976%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI experience the following when I used EC?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNausea/Vomiting\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.10%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGeneral Weakness/Dizziness\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.50%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBleeding/Period not stopping\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.60%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e111\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.80%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHow much do you usually spend on a pack of emergency contraceptive pills (Postinor2)?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLess than 10 cedis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.70%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 cedis and above\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.70%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDon\u0026apos;t Know\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.60%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"65.55023923444976%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKnow of a friend using EC?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e114\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.30%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.70%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWill support from friends will make it easier for you to use an emergency contraceptive?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e122\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.30%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.70%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWill support from family make it easier for you to use an emergency contraceptive?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e116\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.30%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.70%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"80.22328548644339%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWill the availability of Emergency contraceptive pills make it easy to use?\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e156\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78.40%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"31.259968102073366%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"34.2902711323764%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.67304625199362%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.77671451355662%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.60%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAssociation between Socio-demographic Characteristics and use of Emergency Contraceptives\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study revealed that there was a significant association between the use of EC and Residence (X\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=10.9; p=0.004), marital status (X\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=8.6; p=0.035). \u0026nbsp;On the other hand, there was no association between the use of EC and Religion (X\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=5.4; p=0.07), age (X\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=5.1; p=0.167), and Departments (X\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=4.6, p=0.10). (Table 7)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eTable 7: \u0026nbsp;Association between socio-demographic characteristics and use of emergency contraceptives\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.01801801801802%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"29.42942942942943%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCategories\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.36036036036036%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"24.774774774774773%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHave you ever used EC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17.41741741741742%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStatistical Test\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.045112781954888%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"29.473684210526315%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.37593984962406%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"12.330827067669173%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"12.330827067669173%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17.44360902255639%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.045112781954888%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"29.473684210526315%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 -25 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.37593984962406%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"12.330827067669173%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24(57.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"12.330827067669173%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18(42.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17.44360902255639%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eX2=5.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.045112781954888%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"29.473684210526315%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26-30 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.37593984962406%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"12.330827067669173%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21(51.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"12.330827067669173%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20(48.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17.44360902255639%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep=0.167\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.045112781954888%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"29.473684210526315%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31-35 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.37593984962406%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"12.330827067669173%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33(55.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"29.774436090225564%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27(45.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.045112781954888%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"29.473684210526315%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAbove 35 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.37593984962406%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"12.330827067669173%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40(71.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"29.774436090225564%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16(28.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.045112781954888%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eResidences\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"29.473684210526315%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCampus Hostel\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.37593984962406%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"12.330827067669173%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15(37.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"12.330827067669173%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25(62.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17.44360902255639%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eX2=10.9\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.045112781954888%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"29.473684210526315%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrivate Hostel\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.37593984962406%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e105\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"12.330827067669173%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65(61.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"12.330827067669173%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40(38.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17.44360902255639%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003ep=0.004\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.045112781954888%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"29.473684210526315%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMy Home\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.37593984962406%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"12.330827067669173%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38(70.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"29.774436090225564%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16(29.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.045112781954888%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReligion\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"29.473684210526315%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChristian\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.37593984962406%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e153\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"12.330827067669173%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e93(60.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"12.330827067669173%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60(39.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17.44360902255639%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eX2=5.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.045112781954888%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"29.473684210526315%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMuslim\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.37593984962406%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"12.330827067669173%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20(48.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"12.330827067669173%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21(51.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17.44360902255639%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep=0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.045112781954888%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"29.473684210526315%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTraditionalist\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.37593984962406%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"12.330827067669173%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5(100.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"12.330827067669173%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17.44360902255639%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.045112781954888%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarital Status\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"29.473684210526315%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.37593984962406%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"12.330827067669173%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"12.330827067669173%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17.44360902255639%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.045112781954888%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"29.473684210526315%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCo-habitating\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.37593984962406%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"12.330827067669173%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7(87.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"12.330827067669173%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(12.5%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17.44360902255639%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eX2=8.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.045112781954888%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"29.473684210526315%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDivorce/Separated/widow\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.37593984962406%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"12.330827067669173%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3(100.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"12.330827067669173%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17.44360902255639%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep=0.035\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.045112781954888%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"29.473684210526315%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarried\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.37593984962406%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e102\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"12.330827067669173%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65(63.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"29.774436090225564%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37(36.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.045112781954888%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"29.473684210526315%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSingle\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.37593984962406%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"12.330827067669173%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43(50.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"29.774436090225564%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43(50.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.045112781954888%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDepartment\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"29.473684210526315%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.37593984962406%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"12.330827067669173%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"12.330827067669173%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17.44360902255639%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.045112781954888%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"29.473684210526315%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedical Laboratory Scientist\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.37593984962406%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"12.330827067669173%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18(69.2%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"12.330827067669173%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8(30.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17.44360902255639%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eX2=4.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.045112781954888%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"29.473684210526315%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNursing\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.37593984962406%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e137\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"12.330827067669173%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84(61.3%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"12.330827067669173%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53(38.7%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17.44360902255639%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep=0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"18.045112781954888%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"29.473684210526315%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNutrition\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"10.37593984962406%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"12.330827067669173%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16(44.4%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" width=\"29.774436090225564%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20(55.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn this study, the authors aimed to assess the utilization of emergency contraception among final-year female University students. The study revealed that an overwhelming majority (83.4%) of the respondents knew that the recommended period within which the effect of EC will be realized after administration is 72 hours. This finding is slightly lower than the 87.4% reported in a study among Health Science and Medical Students of Arba Minch University of Ethiopia who knew the timing of the use of Emergency Contraceptive (CE) (Fekadu, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e) The similarities may be because the respondents in both studies were all pursuing medically-related programs and as part of their tuition, issues of family planning are often taught.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOn the interval for the usage of EC, the majority of the respondents correctly identified the interval of usage of EC as 12 hours. This is corroborated by Leung et al., (Leung et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e) who indicated that emergency contraceptives are taken either as a one or two-dose depending on the composition of the drugs. Similarly, some studies argue that though ECs come in two doses, there is no clear-cut rule indicating that they ought to be taken twelve hourly. They made a case that you can take all two doses of ECs at once without any complication (Abbas et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e; Raymond \u0026amp; Cleland, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e; Tesfaye et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR50\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe current study reported that 72.4% of the respondents agree that the effectiveness of EC is within 75\u0026ndash;99%. This is consistent with Ganatra et al.,(Ganatra et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e) who indicated that emergency contraceptives can prevent up to 95% of pregnancies when taken within five days. However, the chances of pregnancy become higher when EC is used after 72 hours. Thus, after 3 to 5 days, ECs are no more very effective in preventing pregnancies. At this stage, it is recommended to see your health provider to suggest other safe options to prevent the pregnancy.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAbout 25.0% of respondents indicated that missed abortion was an indication for emergency contraceptives usage. This is related to a study in Botswana that found that the majority of people considered a missed period to be an improper time to take emergency contraception (Kgosiemang \u0026amp; Blitz, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). On access to emergency contraceptives, about 70% of the respondents obtained EC from health facilities. This finding is in line with Mishore et al., (Mishore et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e) who also reported that the majority of the respondents obtained EC from health centers or pharmacies.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe majority (88.4%) of the respondents had sufficient knowledge of emergency contraceptives. This is consistent with 87% reported in Ghana (Ziba \u0026amp; Yakong, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR53\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e) and 70.0% in a study conducted in Ethiopia (Mishore et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). These findings are however greater than the 53% reported in Botswana (Kgosiemang \u0026amp; Blitz, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e), 37.4% reported in Northwestern Nigeria (Nwankwo et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e), 34.1% reported in Ethiopia (Abate et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e), and 21.9% reported in southern Ethiopia (Worku, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR52\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e). Contrary to above, 97.7% had poor knowledge in a study conducted in Kaduna, Nigeria (Amina \u0026amp; Regmi, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e). These respondents are offering health-related programs. The huge discrepancies with available literature and the current studies could be influenced by the program offered as espoused above.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this study, 35.7% of the respondents are of the view that emergency contraceptives create a lack of confidence between regular partners. This is consistent with a study conducted by Tajure, (Tajure, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR49\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e) where 36.8% of the respondents associated the use of emergency contraceptives with promoting promiscuity. It is a general belief that people who use emergency contraceptives are often promiscuous (Adongo et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e; Both \u0026amp; Samuel, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e). This is because, in most settings the usage of contraceptives, be it modern or traditional methods, is often believed to be meant for married people (Kabagenyi et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e; Muanda et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e). This position is not always true because, sex is a basic need for adolescents (Lindberg et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e; Pownall et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e). Therefore, adolescents or persons who are not married and yet cannot abstain from sex are often advised to resort to the usage of contraceptives (Harrell-Bond, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e; Mumah et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e). However, in situations where some of these contraceptives fail, or one engaging in unprotected sex, then one has to get an emergency contraceptive to avert any unintended pregnancies.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe majority (69.8%) of the participants did not believe that the use of emergency contraceptives could be related to infertility. Students\u0026rsquo; attitudes towards this were mainly influenced by the high knowledge they already possess on emergency contraceptives. Emergency contraceptive usage generally does not relate to infertility (Tesfaye et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR50\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e) however excessive usage can be a danger to the women\u0026rsquo;s health (Joham et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe majority (72.4%) believed it was a good idea to make emergency contraceptives accessible to all women. This is consistent with a study carried out among health science and medical students of Arba Minch University by Fekadu, (Fekadu, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e) where 84.7% of the participants advocated for emergency contraceptives to be made available to women. This similarity is a result of the respondents offering health-related programs. Contrary to the above, the accessibility of emergency contraceptives to all women and encouraging its usage has a cascading and long-term effect on the development of the girl child. This is so because, oftentimes as girls and women age, they tend to gain some independence. Also, parental supervision declines, and there is a higher influence of peers to engage in sexual relationships (Kgosiemang \u0026amp; Blitz, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). Therefore, if the usage of an emergency contraceptive is not regulated, it would affect the lives of most girls soon. For instance, Mishore and colleagues (Mishore et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e) have contended that providing EC to all women might lead to an increase in risky sexual practices and misuse, resulting in adverse effects, and higher HIV/AIDS risk since unprotected sex would be promoted.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe majority of the respondents were willing to use an emergency contraceptive in the future. Fekadu, (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e) in another study showed that about 88.4% of the respondents were willing to use the EC in the future. This is consistent with the current findings where all respondents have obtained a higher level of education.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe majority (84.4%) of the students demonstrated a favorable attitude toward emergency contraceptives. This is consistent with the 87.1% reported by Fekadu, (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e) to have a favorable attitude towards EC. However, the current study is higher than 71.9% reported having a favorable attitude towards EC use (Dagnachew, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e), 62.9% in Ethiopia (Tesfaye et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR50\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e), 50.9% in Nigeria (Nwankwo et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e), 50.1% in Southern Ethiopia (Worku, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR52\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e). Contrary to the above, in some jurisdictions, the majority of the respondents had a very poor attitude towards EC. For instance, 53.6% of respondents in Ethiopia were reported to have poor attitudes towards EC, about 55% in Botswana (Kgosiemang \u0026amp; Blitz, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). The attitude towards EC is highly influenced by the high knowledge of the study respondents reported in this study. In the current study, the majority of the respondents have demonstrated appreciable knowledge of emergency contraceptives.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlso, 59.3% of the respondents have ever used emergency contraceptives. This finding is consistent with 58.8% reported by Fekadu,(Fekadu, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e). This is lower than the 62.3% reported in Nigeria by Nwankwo et al., (Nwankwo et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). On the other hand, this study finding is higher than 22.1% reported on the use of emergency contraceptives in Botswana (Kgosiemang \u0026amp; Blitz, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e), 9.7% in Ethiopia (Abate et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e), 2.7% used emergency contraceptives in southern Ethiopia (Worku, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR52\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e), 6.8% used emergency contraceptives in Southwestern Ethiopia (Tajure, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR49\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e) and 47.4% used emergency contraceptives in Tanzania (Kara et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). This is also higher than, 33.3% of emergency contraceptives use reported in the Upper East of Ghana (Ziba \u0026amp; Yakong, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR53\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e), and 36.0% used emergency contraceptives in Accra (Darteh \u0026amp; Doku, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e). The discrepancies may be attributed to the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. In the current study, over 80.0% of respondents were above 25 years and over half of them married. It can therefore be said that some others may choose to use the emergency contraceptives as a result of failure from other contraceptives such as broken condoms, missed pills, etc. and some may also use them to prevent pregnancy. This is further supported by the majority of the respondents getting a recommendation to use emergency contraceptives from health professionals. There is available literature that supports these findings where some contraceptives including emergency contraceptives are used to correct the menses (Creinin et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2006\u003c/span\u003e; Gainer et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2006\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePostinor-2, Lydia post-pill, NorLevo, and pregnon are some of the most often used emergency contraceptive tablets in Ghana. The most common EC brand in this study was Postinor-2. This is because the majority of these may be obtained without a medical prescription from pharmacies and family planning clinics (Mohammed et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). The participants indicated that their reasons for not utilizing ECs were that they wanted to be pregnant, others were uninformed about emergency contraception, and spouses were opposed to their decision to use EC. Another reason given for not utilizing emergency contraceptives was religious beliefs. Similar findings were observed in Botswana, where respondents stated that ECs violated their religious convictions, which is why they do not use them (Kgosiemang \u0026amp; Blitz, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). This, therefore, call for high-level consultation with stakeholder (Chiefs, religious leaders, Health care providers) to get to the button of these issues.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eUnwanted pregnancies can be avoided with the use of emergency contraception. Students had a higher level of awareness and knowledge of emergency contraceptives, according to the study. Religion, partner reluctance, lack of information, affordability, and availability of emergency contraceptives (EC) have all been mentioned as variables that may influence their usage of EC. Health education initiatives should be targeted at secondary and tertiary students to deliver correct information about emergency contraceptives and improve access to emergency contraceptives. Also, there is the need to engage opinion leaders to address their concerns to allow for the effective utilization of emergency contraceptives.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"List Of Abbreviations","content":"\u003cp\u003eEC- emergency contraceptives, UDS- University for Development Studies, TFR-Total Fertility Rate, SSA-Sub-Saharan Africa, SDGs-Sustainable Development Goals, WHO-World Health Organisation, UNFPA- United Nations Population Fund, SoM-School of Medicine, SAHS-School of Allied Health Sciences, SoMN-School of Nursing and Midwifery, SPH-School of Public Health, FOE-Faculty of Education, DRI-Desert Research Institute (DRI).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Ethics Committee on Human Research, Publications, and Ethics granted ethics to this study with reference number (CHRPE/AP/520/21).\u0026nbsp;Permission was sought from each respondent before being involved in this study. Participants gave informed written consent after they got full information about the study. Those who refused to consent voluntarily were left out of the study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data used to support this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAuthors have declared that no competing interests exist.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo funding was obtained for this study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u0026apos; contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis work was carried out in collaboration among all authors. Authors EP, CAA, and FA conceived and designed the study protocols. Authors MNA, GTN, and VNY wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Author MNA performed the data analysis. Authors MNA, GTN, and VNY performed a critical review of the study. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe will like to express our gratitude to everyone who took part in the study.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAbate, M., Assefa, N., \u0026amp; Alemayehu, T. (2014). Knowledge, attitude, practice, and determinants of emergency contraceptive use among women seeking abortion services in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia. \u003cem\u003ePloS One\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e9\u003c/em\u003e(10), e110008.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAbbas, N., Saba, T., Rehman, A., Mehmood, Z., Kolivand, H., Uddin, M., \u0026amp; Anjum, A. (2019). Plasmodium life cycle stage classification based quantification of malaria parasitemia in thin blood smears. \u003cem\u003eMicroscopy Research and Technique\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e82\u003c/em\u003e(3), 283\u0026ndash;295.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAbraha, D., Welu, G., Berwo, M., Gebretsadik, M., Tsegay, T., Gebreheat, G., \u0026amp; Gebremariam, H. (2019). Knowledge of and Utilization of Emergency Contraceptive and Its Associated Factors among Women Seeking Induced Abortion in Public Hospitals, Eastern Tigray, Ethiopia, 2017: A Cross-Sectional Study. \u003cem\u003eBioMed Research International\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e2019\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAdongo, P. B., Tabong, P. T.-N., Azongo, T. B., Phillips, J. F., Sheff, M. C., Stone, A. E., \u0026amp; Tapsoba, P. (2014). 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A survey of knowledge, attitudes, and practice of emergency contraception among university students in Cameroon. \u003cem\u003eBMC Emergency Medicine\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e7\u003c/em\u003e(1), 1\u0026ndash;7.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eLeke, R. J., \u0026amp; Nana, P. N. (2012). Abortions in low resource countries. \u003cem\u003eBasic Gynecology-Some Related Issues. Rijeka, Croatia: Intech Europe\u003c/em\u003e, 125\u0026ndash;138.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eLeung, V. W. Y., Levine, M., \u0026amp; Soon, J. A. (2010). Mechanisms of action of hormonal emergency contraceptives. \u003cem\u003ePharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e30\u003c/em\u003e(2), 158\u0026ndash;168.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eLindberg, L. D., Maddow-Zimet, I., \u0026amp; Boonstra, H. (2016). Changes in adolescents\u0026rsquo; receipt of sex education, 2006\u0026ndash;2013. \u003cem\u003eJournal of Adolescent Health\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e58\u003c/em\u003e(6), 621\u0026ndash;627.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eManortey, S., Duah, W. T., \u0026amp; Baiden, F. (2016). Factors associated with the use of emergency contraceptive pills among students of the Takoradi Polytechnic in Ghana. \u003cem\u003eJournal of Scientific Research and Reports\u003c/em\u003e, 1\u0026ndash;10.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMishore, K. M., Woldemariam, A. D., \u0026amp; Huluka, S. A. (2019). Emergency Contraceptives: Knowledge and Practice towards Its Use among Ethiopian Female College Graduating Students. \u003cem\u003eInternational Journal of Reproductive Medicine\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e2019\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMohammed, S., Abdulai, A.-M., \u0026amp; Iddrisu, O. A. (2019). Pre-service knowledge, perception, and use of emergency contraception among future healthcare providers in northern Ghana. \u003cem\u003eContraception and Reproductive Medicine\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e4\u003c/em\u003e(1), 1\u0026ndash;7.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMorris, J. L., \u0026amp; Rushwan, H. (2015). Adolescent sexual and reproductive health: The global challenges. \u003cem\u003eInternational Journal of Gynecology \u0026amp; Obstetrics\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e131\u003c/em\u003e, S40\u0026ndash;S42.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMuanda, M. F., Ndongo, G. P., Messina, L. J., \u0026amp; Bertrand, J. T. (2017). Barriers to modern contraceptive use in rural areas in DRC. \u003cem\u003eCulture, Health \u0026amp; Sexuality\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e19\u003c/em\u003e(9), 1011\u0026ndash;1023.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMumah, J., Kabiru, C. W., Izugbara, C. O., \u0026amp; Mukiira, C. (2014). \u003cem\u003eCoping with unintended pregnancies: Narratives from adolescents in Nairobi\u0026rsquo;s slums\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMunakampe, M. N., Zulu, J. M., \u0026amp; Michelo, C. (2018). Contraception and abortion knowledge, attitudes and practices among adolescents from low and middle-income countries: a systematic review. \u003cem\u003eBMC Health Services Research\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e18\u003c/em\u003e(1), 1\u0026ndash;13.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eNeinstein, L. S. (2008). \u003cem\u003eAdolescent health care: a practical guide\u003c/em\u003e (Vol. 414). Lippincott Williams \u0026amp; Wilkins.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eNwankwo, B., Mohammed, M. H., Usman, N. O., \u0026amp; Olorukooba, A. A. (2021). Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Emergency Contraception among Students of a Tertiary Institution in Northwestern Nigeria. \u003cem\u003eJournal of Medical and Basic Scientific Research\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e2\u003c/em\u003e(1), 13\u0026ndash;28.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePownall, J. D., Jahoda, A., \u0026amp; Hastings, R. P. (2012). Sexuality and sex education of adolescents with intellectual disability: Mothers\u0026rsquo; attitudes, experiences, and support needs. \u003cem\u003eIntellectual and Developmental Disabilities\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e50\u003c/em\u003e(2), 140\u0026ndash;154.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eRaosoft. (n.d.). \u003cem\u003eSample Size Calculator by Raosoft, Inc.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eRaymond, E. G., \u0026amp; Cleland, K. (2015). Emergency contraception. \u003cem\u003eNew England Journal of Medicine\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e372\u003c/em\u003e(14), 1342\u0026ndash;1348.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSingh, S., Darroch, J. E., Ashford, L. S., \u0026amp; Vlassoff, M. (2009). \u003cem\u003eAdding It Up: The Costs and Benefits of Investing in Family Planning and maternal and newborn health\u003c/em\u003e. Guttmacher Institute.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eStarrs, A. M., Ezeh, A. C., Barker, G., Basu, A., Bertrand, J. T., Blum, R., Coll-Seck, A. M., Grover, A., Laski, L., \u0026amp; Roa, M. (2018). Accelerate progress\u0026mdash;sexual and reproductive health and rights for all: report of the Guttmacher\u0026ndash;Lancet Commission. \u003cem\u003eThe Lancet\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e391\u003c/em\u003e(10140), 2642\u0026ndash;2692.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eTajure, N. (2010). 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(2012). \u003cem\u003eN/R Records 70 Maternal Deaths In First Half Of 2012.\u003c/em\u003e http://savannahnewsblogspotcom.blogspot.com/2012/08/nr-records-70-maternal-deaths-in-first.html\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Utilisation, Emergency Contraceptive, Female University Students","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1067157/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1067157/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eIntroduction:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortion have become serious public health concerns around the world, particularly among female students in both developed and developing countries. The general objective of this study was to investigate the utilization of emergency contraception among final-year female students of a public university in Ghana.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA stratified random sample was used to enroll 199 female university students for descriptive cross-sectional research. SPSS version 25 was used to analyze the data. To compare categorical variables, Chi-square analysis was employed, and a p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eMajority (88.4%) of the respondents demonstrated sufficient knowledge, and 84.4% had a favorable attitude towards emergency contraceptives (ECs). On the indications for EC; after unprotected sex (65.3%), after a missed period (22.6%), when one is raped (83.4%), unwanted pregnancy (75.9%), and rupture of condoms (88.9%) were identified. The majority (59.3%) of students have used EC, with most of the students (43.7%) using Postinor-2. The overall attitude towards EC and Residence (X\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=7.5; p=0.023), Religion (X\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=6.2; p=0.042), and marital status (X\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=17.1, p=0.001) were statistically significant. There was a significant association between the use of EC and Residence (X\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=10.9; p=0.004) and marital status (X\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e=8.6; p=0.035).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe findings of this study indicated that students had a high degree of awareness, understanding, and attitude about EC, with a significant number of the respondents likely to utilize it in the future. This may aid in the treatment of female students' sexual and reproductive health issues and prevent dropping out of school as a result of unwanted pregnancy. Also, there is the need to engage opinion leaders to address their concerns to allow for the effective utilization of emergency contraceptives.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Utilisation of Emergency Contraception Among Final Year University Female Students","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2021-11-16 15:46:23","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-1067157/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"50a2f5da-fc63-4f46-92d1-a9abc3e6d568","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 16th, 2021","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":8536658,"name":"Sexual \u0026 Reproductive Medicine"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2022-01-31T15:29:49+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2021-11-16 15:46:23","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-1067157","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-1067157","identity":"rs-1067157","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"_2-kVJe1T_tPrBINL-cwx","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}