Samarium-Promoted Ni/YSZ Catalysts for Enhanced CO2 Dry Reforming: Insights into Reducibility and Surface Basicity

Samarium-Promoted Ni/YSZ Catalysts for Enhanced CO2 Dry Reforming: Insights into Reducibility and Surface Basicity | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Samarium-Promoted Ni/YSZ Catalysts for Enhanced CO 2 Dry Reforming: Insights into Reducibility and Surface Basicity Abdulaziz A.M. Abahussain, Tahani Saad Algarni, Hamid Ahmed, Ahmed A. Ibrahim, and 4 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9426934/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Nickel (Ni)-based catalysts supported on yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) were investigated for dry reforming of methane (DRM) to evaluate the influence of samarium (Sm) promotion on catalytic performance. A series of Sm-promoted Ni/YSZ catalysts with a fixed Ni loading (5 wt.%) and varying Sm contents (0.5–2 wt.%) were synthesized and systematically characterized. Structural analyses indicated the retention of the tetragonal zirconia phase. Surface characterization indicated that Sm modified the electronic environment of YSZ without significantly changing the mesoporous structure. Temperature-programmed reduction (H 2 -TPR) and temperature-programmed desorption (CO 2 -TPD) analyses showed that moderate Sm loading enhanced the fraction of reducible Ni species and increased the contribution of weak-to-moderate basic sites. Catalytic evaluation at 800°C and a gas hourly space velocity of 42,000 mL g -1 h -1 demonstrated that the catalysts containing 1 wt.% Sm exhibited the highest CH 4 and CO 2 conversions over 400 min on stream. Post-reaction analyses indicated the presence of carbon species. However, no severe deactivation was observed within the tested duration, suggesting that active sites remained accessible under the investigated conditions. Dry reforming of methane Ni/YSZ catalysts Samarium promotion Ni reducibility Surface basicity Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files SupplementaryinformationRCI.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 16 May, 2026 Reviews received at journal 14 May, 2026 Reviews received at journal 11 May, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 28 Apr, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 28 Apr, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 28 Apr, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 16 Apr, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 16 Apr, 2026 First submitted to journal 15 Apr, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9426934","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":632421012,"identity":"2af0a7ec-49b4-43e2-bb1f-585901405126","order_by":0,"name":"Abdulaziz A.M. 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A series of Sm-promoted Ni/YSZ catalysts with a fixed Ni loading (5 wt.%) and varying Sm contents (0.5\u0026ndash;2 wt.%) were synthesized and systematically characterized. Structural analyses indicated the retention of the tetragonal zirconia phase. Surface characterization indicated that Sm modified the electronic environment of YSZ without significantly changing the mesoporous structure. Temperature-programmed reduction (H\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e-TPR) and temperature-programmed desorption (CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e-TPD) analyses showed that moderate Sm loading enhanced the fraction of reducible Ni species and increased the contribution of weak-to-moderate basic sites. Catalytic evaluation at 800\u0026deg;C and a gas hourly space velocity of 42,000 mL g\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e h\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e demonstrated that the catalysts containing 1 wt.% Sm exhibited the highest CH\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e and CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e conversions over 400 min on stream. Post-reaction analyses indicated the presence of carbon species. However, no severe deactivation was observed within the tested duration, suggesting that active sites remained accessible under the investigated conditions.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Samarium-Promoted Ni/YSZ Catalysts for Enhanced CO2 Dry Reforming: Insights into Reducibility and Surface Basicity","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-05-06 07:42:45","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9426934/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-05-16T15:19:06+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-14T22:10:49+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-11T15:35:20+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"149065267501370796077699910852526360143","date":"2026-04-28T13:33:14+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"58762530716082855418349433600786702141","date":"2026-04-28T12:13:57+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-04-28T10:53:45+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-04-16T14:14:57+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-04-16T14:14:45+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","date":"2026-04-15T12:09:57+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"research-on-chemical-intermediates","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"rint","sideBox":"Learn more about [Research on Chemical Intermediates](http://link.springer.com/journal/11164)","snPcode":"11164","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11164/3","title":"Research on Chemical Intermediates","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"171f1706-fd59-420e-b5fc-3eae06a7722e","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 6th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-05-16T15:19:06+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-14T22:10:49+00:00","index":28,"fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-11T15:35:20+00:00","index":22,"fulltext":""}],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"in-revision","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-05-16T15:24:16+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-05-06 07:42:45","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-9426934","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-9426934","identity":"rs-9426934","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}