Analysis of the prevalence,risk factors, and clinical characteristics of osteoporosis in patients with essential hypertension

Objectives: The present study investigated the prevalence of osteoporosis (OP) in patients with essential hypertension (EH) in the Changchun community and analyzed the correlation between EH and OP. Methods The study was conducted in 425 patients with EH and 425 healthy controls. Bone mineral density (BMD) and serum creatinine (CR) levels were measured, and the patients' current status was surveyed to analyze the correlation between EH and OP. Results The EH group exhibited lower BMD and higher prevalence of OP than the healthy controls, and this difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 12.968; p = 0.002). However, the difference in OP prevalence was statistically nonsignificant between male and female patients (χ2 = 1.998; df = 1; p = 0.157). The risk of developing OP was not significantly different between middle-aged and elderly men and women (χ2 = 0.228; p = 0.633). However, the OP risk in patients with EH varied significantly with different age, body weight, fracture history, nocturnal urination frequency, depression and anxiety status, duration of hypertension, and antihypertensive medication (p < 0.05). The two-way analysis of variance suggested an effect of the interaction between different EH prevalence conditions and bone mass conditions on the serum CR values (F = 3.584, p = 0.028, bias η2 = 0.008). Conclusions The incidences of OP and low BMD were significantly higher in patients with EH than in healthy controls. Additionally, age, weight, fracture history, nocturnal urination frequency, depression and anxiety, duration of hypertension, and antihypertensive medication were the risk factors for OP in patients with EH. Moreover, serum CR levels in patients with different bone mass profiles were strongly influenced by the presence or absence of EH, and the expression of serum CR levels differed significantly with the interaction of this factor.