Evaluation of Maxillary and Mandibular Growth Pattern Based on Cervical Vertebral Maturation in Japanese

Evaluation of Maxillary and Mandibular Growth Pattern Based on Cervical Vertebral Maturation in Japanese | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Evaluation of Maxillary and Mandibular Growth Pattern Based on Cervical Vertebral Maturation in Japanese Asuka Manabe, Takayoshi Ishida, Eiichiro Kanda, Takashi Ono This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-948103/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Appropriate evaluation of maxillofacial growth and development is important for effective orthodontic treatment. The evaluation of growth is not based on chronological age, but on the physiological age that is evaluated according to individual development. The cervical vertebral bone age is one approach to evaluate physiological age. In the present study, we evaluated the growth pattern of maxilla and mandible in Japanese patients using the age of the cervical vertebrae as an index. Lateral cephalometric radiographs taken before the start of the orthodontic treatment were traced to evaluate the age of the cervical vertebrae and mandible. Altogether, 400 patients were allocated to groups based on the cervical vertebral maturation stages (CVMS), namely, CVMS I to V, with 80 patients in each group. In this study, stratified random sampling was used to obtain the required samples. We measured ANS-PNS as an index of maxillary length, whereas Ar-Go as an index of mandibular height and Go-Pog as an index of mandibular length on the cephalograms. It was found that ANS-PNS increased significantly between CVMS II and CVMS III, while both Ar-Go and Go-Pog increased significantly between CVMS III and CVMS IV in men. On the other hand, such significant increases in consecutive stages were not found in women. Based on these observations, it was suggested that CVMS is effective in evaluating the growth pattern of the maxilla and mandible. Health Economics & Outcomes Research Health Policy Pediatrics cervical vertebral maturation stages (CVMS) physiological Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-948103","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":56081013,"identity":"e41c8b62-19e7-4127-948d-961a5bea5f05","order_by":0,"name":"Asuka Manabe","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tokyo Medical Dental University Graduate School","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Asuka","middleName":"","lastName":"Manabe","suffix":""},{"id":56081015,"identity":"27d56f70-d978-4a76-bc6b-e896c754af44","order_by":1,"name":"Takayoshi Ishida","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABC0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACNjCZwMYMZCWwMciBeAce4NHAg67FGKwlgRgtEPvYGBIbYFxcwJ79WOJnnoq6PD529mcPHpTZpc8PO/wQaIudnG4DDlt40g5L85w5XMzGzGNukHAuOXfj7TQDoJZkY7MDuByW3iDN23YgsY2Zh00CSOZunJ0A0nIgcRsuLfzPm3/zttUBFbM/A2qpTzecnf4BvxaJtGNAW5iBWhjMgFoOJ8hL5xCw5cazNMs5Zw6DHGYmkXDuuOEG6ZyCAwkGuP3C3p9mfONNRV3i/P7jzyR/lFXLy89O3/zhQ4WdHC4tIMDEg8wzAKs0wK0cBBh/IPPkG/CrHgWjYBSMgpEHAAVYXRWVxTWkAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Tokyo Medical Dental University Graduate School","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Takayoshi","middleName":"","lastName":"Ishida","suffix":""},{"id":56081016,"identity":"a8c54155-9b9e-49b6-8ed9-712224a7ea9e","order_by":2,"name":"Eiichiro Kanda","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Kawasaki Medical School","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Eiichiro","middleName":"","lastName":"Kanda","suffix":""},{"id":56081017,"identity":"8d619744-06b0-4e66-8b30-70ee56de02e3","order_by":3,"name":"Takashi Ono","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tokyo Medical Dental University Graduate School","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Takashi","middleName":"","lastName":"Ono","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2021-09-29 05:29:09","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-948103/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-948103/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":14414782,"identity":"c2d2ffe2-430f-450f-9423-0122275f32d1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-10-11 15:36:32","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":208561,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":" Cephalometric landmarks used to construct the two linear measurements and angular measurements analyzed in this study. Linear parameters: ANS-PNS; Distance between ANS and PNS, Ar-Go; Distance between Articulare and Gonion, Go-Pog; Distance between Gonion and Pogonion. Angular \nparameters: FMA; Mandibular plane to Frankfort-Horizontal plane, SNA; Sella-Nasion to Point A, SNB; Sella-Nasion to Point Cephalometric landmarks used to construct the two linear measurements and angular measurements analyzed in this study. Linear parameters: ANS-PNS; Distance between ANS and PNS, Ar-Go; Distance between Articulare and Gonion, Go-Pog; Distance between Gonion and Pogonion. Angular parameters: FMA; Mandibular plane to Frankfort-Horizontal plane, SNA; Sella-Nasion to Point A, SNB; Sella-Nasion to Point ","description":"","filename":"Fig.1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-948103/v1/5faa86d9b2a7ce8c5e7de3e5.png"},{"id":14414780,"identity":"a9d18707-f983-40c4-b0dc-6df67151eda0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-10-11 15:36:32","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":31711,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"The average values of ANS-PNS in men were 49.31±2.74 mm in CVMS I, 50.76±2.99 mm in CVMS II, 53.11±2.56 mm in CVMS III, 54.95±3.19 mm in CVMS IV, and 55.88±3.42 mm in CVMS V. There was a significant increase in the ANS-PNS value in CVMS I as compared to that in CVMS III, IV and V, in CVMS II as compared to that in CVMS III, IV and V, and in CVMS III as compared to that in CVMS V (*p\u003c0.05).","description":"","filename":"Fig.2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-948103/v1/5b99dd8636272425b9405e09.png"},{"id":14414866,"identity":"b27255a3-293a-48cf-b0e9-f3c3319f4a98","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-10-11 15:39:32","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":27104,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"The average values of ANS-PNS in women were 49.10±2.61 mm in CVMS I, 49.46±2.45 mm in CVMS II, 50.66±2.24 mm in CVMS III, 51.56±2.34 mm in CVMS IV, and 51.53±2.13 mm in CVMS V. There was a significant increase in the ANS-PNS value in CVMS I as compared to that in CVMS IV and V, in CVMS II as compared to that in CVMS IV and V (*p\u003c0.05).","description":"","filename":"fig.3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-948103/v1/7f714fd94627f4ea12765e76.png"},{"id":14414781,"identity":"c7d136ea-7e21-44fe-a9d2-9d2bdb72cc58","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-10-11 15:36:32","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":38250,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"The average values of Ar-Go in men were 46.80±3.76 mm in CVMS I, 45.55±4.88 mm in CVMS II, 46.93±5.16 mm in CVMS III, 53.15±6.44 mm in CVMS IV, and 54.94±5.87 mm in CVMS V. There was a significant increase in the Ar-Go value in CVMS I as compared to that in CVMS IV and V, in CVMS II as compared to that in CVMS IV and V, and in CVMS III as compared to that in CVMS IV and V (*p\u003c0.05).","description":"","filename":"Fig.4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-948103/v1/8e159cd1921a66504aa74adc.png"},{"id":14414867,"identity":"140080eb-dd81-49f5-9414-965a7f89e578","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-10-11 15:39:33","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":34096,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"The average values of Ar-Go in women were 45.36±5.24 mm in CVMS I, 45.11±4.56 mm in CVMS II, 46.75±5.45 mm in CVMS III, 50.57±6.25 mm in CVMS IV, and 50.76±6.66 mm in CVMS V. There was a significant increase in the Ar-Go value in CVMS I as compared to that in CVMS IV and V, in CVMS II as compared to that in CVMS IV and V (*p\u003c0.05).","description":"","filename":"Fig.5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-948103/v1/31b888830bf3026bf8f3486d.png"},{"id":14414994,"identity":"e97e571f-c3a9-4655-a37e-17752812ac5b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-10-11 15:42:32","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":30512,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"The average values of Go-Pog in men were 79.57±3.97 mm in CVMS I, 80.24±5.22 mm in CVMS II, 80.73±5.56 mm in CVMS III, 85.80±6.55 mm in CVMS IV, and 87.97±6.35 mm in CVMS V. There was a significant increase in the Go-Pog value in CVMS I as compared to that in CVMS IV and V, in CVMS II as compared to that in CVMS IV and V, and in CVMS III as compared to that in CVMS IV and V (*p\u003c0.05).","description":"","filename":"Fig.6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-948103/v1/c2cfbc9e372ebb4977e328a5.png"},{"id":14414784,"identity":"f1b09986-0393-4519-a5ba-cbaa97327fb3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-10-11 15:36:32","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":28403,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"The average values of Go-Pog in women were 80.23±4.96 mm in CVMS I, 80.68±4.20 mm in CVMS II, 82.04±4.48 mm in CVMS III, 84.14±5.63 mm in CVMS IV, and 86.66±7.23 mm in CVMS V. There was a significant increase in the Go-Pog value in CVMS I as compared to that in CVMS IV and V, in CVMS II as compared to that in CVMS V, and in CVMS III as compared to that in CVMS V(*p\u003c0.05).","description":"","filename":"Fig.7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-948103/v1/11ab0fcb791495c8877d9773.png"},{"id":14414995,"identity":"7004f0f6-9edf-4d5b-a2f1-a6b65264ffca","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-10-11 15:42:40","extension":"pdf","order_by":7,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":670544,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"20211008manabe.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-948103/v1_covered.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eEvaluation of Maxillary and Mandibular Growth Pattern Based on Cervical Vertebral Maturation in Japanese\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Full Text","content":"This preprint is available for \u003ca href='/article/rs-948103/latest.pdf' target='_blank'\u003edownload as a PDF\u003c/a\u003e."}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":" cervical vertebral maturation stages (CVMS), physiological","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-948103/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-948103/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Appropriate evaluation of maxillofacial growth and development is important for effective orthodontic treatment. The evaluation of growth is not based on chronological age, but on the physiological age that is evaluated according to individual development. The cervical vertebral bone age is one approach to evaluate physiological age. In the present study, we evaluated the growth pattern of maxilla and mandible in Japanese patients using the age of the cervical vertebrae as an index. Lateral cephalometric radiographs taken before the start of the orthodontic treatment were traced to evaluate the age of the cervical vertebrae and mandible. Altogether, 400 patients were allocated to groups based on the cervical vertebral maturation stages (CVMS), namely, CVMS I to V, with 80 patients in each group. In this study, stratified random sampling was used to obtain the required samples. We measured ANS-PNS as an index of maxillary length, whereas Ar-Go as an index of mandibular height and Go-Pog as an index of mandibular length on the cephalograms. It was found that ANS-PNS increased significantly between CVMS II and CVMS III, while both Ar-Go and Go-Pog increased significantly between CVMS III and CVMS IV in men. On the other hand, such significant increases in consecutive stages were not found in women. Based on these observations, it was suggested that CVMS is effective in evaluating the growth pattern of the maxilla and mandible.","manuscriptTitle":"Evaluation of Maxillary and Mandibular Growth Pattern Based on Cervical Vertebral Maturation in Japanese","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2021-10-11 15:36:31","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-948103/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"37fe29c1-e915-467d-9613-75f49970cc98","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 11th, 2021","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":7775879,"name":"Health Economics \u0026 Outcomes Research"},{"id":7775880,"name":"Health Policy"},{"id":7775881,"name":"Pediatrics"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2021-12-13T09:14:11+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2021-10-11 15:36:31","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-948103","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-948103","identity":"rs-948103","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"WrCJVZZCHTDjtuVLN7oU0","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}