Integrin-like adhesin CglD confers traction and stabilizes bacterial focal adhesions involved in myxobacterial gliding motility

A bstract Integrins are crucial for eukaryotic cell attachment and motility within the extracellular matrix (ECM) via focal-adhesion formation, with their evolutionary emergence important for the development of multicellularity. Intriguingly, single gliding cells of the predatory deltaproteobacterium Myxococcus xanthus form bacterial focal-adhesion (bFA) sites; therein, helically-trafficked motors become immobilized at anchored locations through Glt apparatus association with cell-surface integrin αI-domain-like adhesin CglB. Using traction-force, bead-force, and total internal reflection-fluorescence microscopies combined with biochemical approaches, we herein identify the von Willebrand A domain-containing cell-surface lipoprotein CglD to be a β-integrin-like outer-membrane lipoprotein that functionally associates with and anchors the trans-envelope Glt–CglB gliding apparatus, stabilizing and efficiently anchoring this assembly at bFAs. Calcium dependence governs CglD importance, consistent with its integrated ECM eukaryotic cartilage oligomeric matrix protein domains. CglD thus confers mechanosensory and mechanotransductory capabilities to the gliding apparatus, helping explain bFA-mediated trans-envelope force transduction, from inner-membrane-embedded motors to the cell surface.