Obstacles to Electric Vehicle Adoption in India and Proposed Remedies

The inductive approach focuses on analyzing the factors influencing Electric Vehicle (EV) adoption in India, while the deductive approach centers on understanding how these factors play out in developed nations and their applicability to developing countries. By iteratively applying the inductive-deductive approach, a taxonomy is developed categorizing these factors into micro-, macro-, and meso-level antecedents. This taxonomy serves as a framework for systematically organizing cohesive initiatives to promote EV adoption in developing nations, stressing the importance of tailoring these factors to the unique infrastructural, economic, and market conditions of such countries. One significant challenge hindering the adoption of EVs is the concern over their limited driving range. Recent proposals suggest the implementation of dynamic wireless charging, enabling power exchange between vehicles and the grid while in motion. This paper highlights the importance of optimizing EV routes requiring charging to maximize the utilization of Mobile Energy Disseminators (MEDs) functioning as mobile charging stations. The growing popularity of EVs has brought about a corresponding increase in challenges. Lengthy waiting times at charging stations present a major hurdle to widespread EV adoption. To address this, battery swapping stations (BSSs) offer an efficient solution, reducing wait times and promoting healthy recharging cycles for batteries. Additionally, these swapping stations create opportunities not only for EVs but also for power systems, providing regulation services to the grid, particularly beneficial for smaller networks like microgrid (MG) systems. This study delves into determining the optimal location and size of swap stations to maximize revenue within an MG system.