Thermal stable properties of solid hybrid nanoparticles for mixed convection flow with slip features

Hybrid nanofluid is a modified form of nanofluid which is beneficial for improving energy transfer efficiency. In current investigation, solid nanoparticles aluminum ( Φ Al2O3 ) and copper ( Φ Cu ) have been mixed with water to produce a new hybrid nanofluid. The investigation of a steady two-dimensional mixed convection boundary layer flow of the resultant hybrid nanofluid on a vertical exponential shrunk surface in the existence of porous, magnetic, thermal radiation, velocity, and thermal slip conditions is carried out. Exponential similarity variables are adopted to transform the nonlinear partial differential equation (PDEs) into a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) which has been then solved by employing the shooting method in Maple 2018 software. The obtained numerical results such as coefficient of skin friction f'' (0), heat transfer rate - θ' (0), velocity f' ( η ) and temperature ( θ ( η )) distributions are presented in the form of different graphs. The results revealed that duality exists in solution when the suction parameter S ≥ S ci in assisting flow case. Due to non-uniqueness of solutions, a temporal stability analysis needs to be performed and the result indicates that the upper branch is stable and realizable compared to the lower branch.