End to End Energy Efficient IoUT Architecture: SimulationStudy of Underwater Routing Protocols and LoRa

End to End Energy Efficient IoUT Architecture: SimulationStudy of Underwater Routing Protocols and LoRa | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article End to End Energy Efficient IoUT Architecture: SimulationStudy of Underwater Routing Protocols and LoRa Souvagya Ganguli, Nilesh Agarwalla, Sumit Anand, Jayavignesh Thyagarajan This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4313104/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In the world of computer networks, underwater areas are a special setting that brings difficulties because of things like sound speed changing, node moving around, and limited node life. Since aerial networks are getting more crowded and overused, the study of underwater networks has become important. This thesis looks at the problems and possibilities in underwater networks, especially for packet routing within the network layer. We aim to assess and contrast different routing protocols that NS2 supports, looking at main performance metrics like end-to-end delay, energy consumption, and packet delivery ratio (PDR). By concentrating on these measurements we wish to highlight the pros and cons of different routing protocols for underwater networks. Along with that, we are also proposing an energy-efficient end-to-end IoUT architecture that explains how a small payload of data gets transmitted from underwater sensor nodes to the LoRa gateway. This would help in progressing technology related to underwater network systems. Depth-Based Routing Vector-Based Forwarding Vector-Based Void Avoidance LoRa Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4313104","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":296468875,"identity":"452bd6aa-1fd4-4b2d-b6e1-d1c6d0fae9db","order_by":0,"name":"Souvagya Ganguli","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Souvagya","middleName":"","lastName":"Ganguli","suffix":""},{"id":296468876,"identity":"9fea911f-8535-4152-b9e8-39be7b1ac7e8","order_by":1,"name":"Nilesh Agarwalla","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Nilesh","middleName":"","lastName":"Agarwalla","suffix":""},{"id":296468877,"identity":"847aa3ab-9431-4aff-a99c-4bba4de5c2f9","order_by":2,"name":"Sumit Anand","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sumit","middleName":"","lastName":"Anand","suffix":""},{"id":296468878,"identity":"863cc840-8194-4d30-ab87-e2acd906a187","order_by":3,"name":"Jayavignesh Thyagarajan","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABAklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACxgYQaQAieIC4AkzCRIjRcuAMAw8PIS1IAKj2YBsDzBrcgLn9jOFnnoLaPH7+sweYP847LGPPwPzwA0PBHdwO68kxluYxOF4sOSMvgeHgtsNAh7EZSzAYPMPjlxwDyRkGxxI33OAxAGpJA/nFDOiXw7i19L8x/gnSsv/8GaCWOSAt7N/wa5mRYybxwaAmcQNDDlBLgw1QCw8BW2Y8K7P4YHAgccaNHIMDZ44BtRzmKZZIwKPFsD95842EP3WJ/f1nDB9U1EjYs7e3b/zw4Q8eLQ0coFiDKDgAJpmBOAGnBgYGeQb2B0CqDo+SUTAKRsEoGPEAAOkaUcDykdHNAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jayavignesh","middleName":"","lastName":"Thyagarajan","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-04-23 15:39:09","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4313104/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4313104/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":91087224,"identity":"0340d312-8b74-4d5d-8762-e3e31aceec78","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-11 12:33:42","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1197720,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ResearchPaper.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4313104/v1_covered_3aee83ce-c66a-4bba-b60e-873442e03b64.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"End to End Energy Efficient IoUT Architecture: SimulationStudy of Underwater Routing Protocols and LoRa","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Depth-Based Routing, Vector-Based Forwarding, Vector-Based Void Avoidance, LoRa","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4313104/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4313104/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eIn the world of computer networks, underwater areas are a special setting that brings difficulties because of things like sound speed changing, node moving around, and limited node life. 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