Nijmegen Coinage 450–1200 CE: A Short Synthesis of Independent Research

Nijmegen Coinage 450–1200 CE: A Short Synthesis of Independent Research | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Nijmegen Coinage 450–1200 CE: A Short Synthesis of Independent Research Robert Jan Duchateau This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9405637/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This synthesis examines 1,001 single-coin finds from the Rhine–Meuse delta between 450 and 1200 CE. It proposes that the southeast quadrant, and particularly the Meuse–Niers valley, operated as a resilient pilaster-quadrant within polycentric networks. Extension of the pilaster-place model to the quadrant scale reconciles the Valkhof Paradox by demonstrating a remarkably balanced numismatic profile, high adaptive capacity, and low rigidity in the eastern delta. Statistical analyses, including chi-square tests with Holm–Bonferroni correction, Cramér’s V, Shannon entropy, and cosine similarity, together with cluster-specific adjusted standardised residuals, provide a transferable heuristic for understanding early medieval power structures in dynamic riverine landscapes (Duchateau, 2026b–e). History Valkhof Paradox pilaster-place model pilaster-quadrant single-coin finds Rhine–Meuse delta Meuse–Niers valley polycentric networks resilience theory itinerant kingship numismatic signature Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9405637","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":622385787,"identity":"1b59864d-fe8b-4655-b103-e8af9ef1db00","order_by":0,"name":"Robert Jan Duchateau","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA4klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACHgYJBoYDEPYHIGZjJ1YLD5DJOAOkhZkULcwggoGQFvP23oO3eWruyNuzNz+Ttvm1TZ6PmYHxw8cc3FpkzpxLtuY59sywh+eYmXRu323DNmYGZsmZ23BrkZDIMZPmbTjM2CORANTSc5sRqIWNmZcILfY98s+/SVv23LYnWktijwSPmTTDj9uJhLXwnEu2nHPscHLPmZxiy96G28ltzIzN+P3C3nvwxpuaw7bt7cc33vjx57bt/Pbmgx8+4tGCChjbwGQDsepB4A8pikfBKBgFo2CkAADJaUyVOMDscgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9975-4497","institution":"Independent Researcher","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Robert","middleName":"Jan","lastName":"Duchateau","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-04-13 14:49:11","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9405637/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9405637/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":106890848,"identity":"68ed564a-04f6-4d7b-973f-83af78488d07","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-14 13:27:12","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":420011,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"05Preprint1242026NijmegenCoinage4501200CEAShortSynthesisofIndependentResearch.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9405637/v1_covered_fa63f40e-86ba-4710-b259-773be48e332b.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eNijmegen Coinage 450–1200 CE: A Short Synthesis of Independent Research\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Independent Researcher","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Valkhof Paradox, pilaster-place model, pilaster-quadrant, single-coin finds, Rhine–Meuse delta, Meuse–Niers valley, polycentric networks, resilience theory, itinerant kingship, numismatic signature","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9405637/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9405637/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis synthesis examines 1,001 single-coin finds from the Rhine–Meuse delta between 450 and 1200 CE. 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