Studies on the mechanism of the formation of yield differences in indica- japonica hybrid rice

Studies on the mechanism of the formation of yield differences in indica- japonica hybrid rice | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Studies on the mechanism of the formation of yield differences in indica- japonica hybrid rice Kailiang Mi, Yiyin Lu, Muyan Zhang, Fangfu Xu, Yanju Yang, Haipeng Zhang, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6552695/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 18 Aug, 2025 Read the published version in BMC Plant Biology → Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Optimizing planting density is crucial for enhancing the yield of indica-japonica hybrid rice by regulating yield components and population characteristics. A two-year field experiment was conducted using four indica-japonica hybrid rice varieties with three planting densities: 15.15×10 4 hills hm − 2 (T1), 20.83×10 4 hills hm − 2 (T2), and 27.78×10 4 hills hm − 2 (T3). Results showed that super-high-yielding varieties had larger sink capacity and stronger source compared with high-yielding varieties, while population characteristics such as top three leaves and panicle patterns varied due to genetic differences among varieties. Increasing planting density enhanced the yield of super-high-yielding varieties, primarily through increased panicle number. However, this also led to higher ineffective tiller numbers, reduced productive tiller percentage, accelerated leaf area reduction in the reproductive stage, lower flag leaf SPAD values, restricted plant growth (shorter plant height and smaller top three leaf length, width, and angle), and restricted panicle development (shorter panicle length, fewer branch pedicels, and reduced seed-setting rate, 1000-grain weight, and spikelets per panicle). Despite these limitations, the higher total spikelet number compensated for the yield gap, achieving higher yields. In conclusion, an appropriate increase in planting density enhances sink capacity and is favorable for increasing the yield of super-high-yielding indica-japonica hybrid rice. Indica-japonica hybrid rice Yield formation Population dynamics Planting density Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 1 Introduction Rice serves as a staple food crop for over half of the global population, playing a critical role in meeting both nutritional and energetic demands [ 1 ]. However, the rapidly growing global population and accelerating economic development have led to an increasing demand for food resources. Projections indicate that by 2050, rice production must increase by approximately 30% to sustainably meet human consumption needs [ 2 ]. Despite this urgent demand, recent trends reveal a stagnation in rice yield across several major rice-producing countries, following a prolonged period of steady growth. Furthermore, the land available for rice cultivation is shrinking due to expanding industrialization and urbanization [ 3 , 4 ]. These challenges highlight the pressing need to enhance rice yield per unit area as a fundamental strategy for ensuring global food security. Hybrid rice, particularly indica-japonica hybrids, has garnered considerable attention due to its high yield potential and strong adaptability to diverse environmental conditions. These advantages have contributed to a significant increase in its cultivation area [ 5 ]. Given its potential, a comprehensive understanding of the productivity patterns of indica-japonica hybrid rice under modern cultivation practices is essential for future yield improvements. Achieving high rice yield primarily depends on selecting high-yielding varieties and optimizing cultivation practices to enhance both individual plant performance and population growth, ultimately leading to increased grain yield. The characteristics of a rice population, which encompass variations in population size and quality, play a pivotal role in determining yield outcomes [ 6 ]. Key indicators of population characteristics include dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, tiller number, plant architecture, panicle type, and leaf morphology [ 7 ]. Yield variations among different rice varieties are largely attributed to differences in these population traits [ 8 ]. Poor population growth often results in suboptimal grain yield, underscoring the necessity of continuously optimizing rice population quality through strategic agronomic interventions [ 9 ]. Rice varieties with optimal morphological and physiological traits, such as moderate plant height, erect and sturdy stems, upright panicles with numerous grains, long and thick dark-green leaves, well-developed root systems, and strong environmental adaptability, maximize light energy utilization and optimize carbon and nitrogen metabolism, thereby promoting yield improvement [ 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Moreover, maintaining a well-balanced tillering dynamic is critical for establishing a high-quality rice population [ 13 ]. Excessive tillering often leads to an increased proportion of unproductive tillers, which deplete nutrients and reduce percentage of productive tillers. Conversely, a well-regulated tillering dynamic enhances canopy ventilation and light penetration, increases lodging resistance, and improves panicle formation, thereby facilitating high-yield rice production [ 14 , 15 ]. The formation of rice grain yield is fundamentally governed by the production and distribution of dry matter [ 16 ]. The amount of dry matter accumulated at different growth stages and its subsequent translocation to the panicle significantly influence final yield outcomes [ 17 ]. Indica-japonica hybrid rice, for example, has been shown to accumulate more dry matter compared with hybrid indica rice and conventional japonica rice, ultimately leading to higher yield potential [ 18 ]. Understanding the dynamic trends in population characteristics during yield formation and identifying the contributions of individual yield components are crucial for optimizing rice productivity. Among the various agronomic factors influencing these processes, planting density plays a pivotal role in shaping rice population characteristics, biomass accumulation, and dry matter translocation [ 19 ]. An optimal planting density helps establish a well-structured population and balances the trade-offs between individual plant performance and overall population productivity [ 20 ]. When panicle weight remains stable, moderately increasing planting density can enhance the number of effective panicles, thus expanding the overall rice population and breaking through yield limitations [ 21 ]. However, excessive planting density can negatively impact key physiological processes, leading to reduced leaf area index, diminished canopy photosynthetically active radiation interception, lower light transmittance, and reduced light energy utilization efficiency. Furthermore, poor canopy ventilation and excessive population density can restrict late-stage dry matter accumulation and increase susceptibility to plant diseases and pests [ 15 ]. Rice breeders and agronomists have long been dedicated to realizing the high-yield potential of rice. However, most studies on the relationship between rice population characteristics and yield have focused on a limited number of varieties, primarily hybrid indica and conventional japonica , with relatively few investigations on indica-japonica hybrids. Furthermore, there is a lack of systematic research exploring how variations in population characteristics among indica-japonica hybrids contribute to yield differences. To bridge this knowledge gap, the present study was conducted over two years with three planting density treatments to investigate the yield components and population characteristics of four indica-japonica hybrid rice varieties. The primary objective was to elucidate the population dynamics differences among these varieties. The findings from this study are expected to provide theoretical insights and practical guidance for optimizing cultivation practices to achieve stable and high-yielding indica-japonica hybrid rice production. 2 Materials and methods 2.1 Experimental location The experiment was conducted in 2022 and 2023 at the Qingfeng Village of Nandu Town in Liyang City, Jiangsu Province, China (32.45°N, 119.33°E). The soil type in the experimental was clay loam. The physicochemical properties of topsoil (0–20 cm) were as follows: total nitrogen content of 1.33g kg − 1 , organic matter of 19.1 g kg − 1 ; alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen of 115.4 mg kg − 1 , available phosphorus of 63.7 mg kg − 1 , available potassium of 97.1 mg kg − 1 , pH of 6.02. Temperature and rainfall during the two-year rice growing season are detailed in Fig. 1 (Xihe Energy Big Data Platform, Tudor Technology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China). 2.2 Materials The tested varieties were Yongyou 15, Yongyou 17, and Yongyou 1540, selected by Ningbo Seed Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Province, China, and Shuyou 1, selected by Huanteng Agricultural Co., Ltd., Suqian City, Jiangsu Province, China. All are indica-japonica hybrid rice varieties. These four rice varieties were selected because of their popularity in rice production and widespread cultivation, and the fertility periods of each variety are detailed in Table 1. The controlled release blended fertilizer (N: P 2 O 5 : K 2 O = 26:10:15) was by Maoshi Ecological Fertilizer Co., Ltd. 2.3 Experimental design and crop management Treatments were arranged in two-factor split-plot design with rice varieties as the main plots and planting density treatments as the subplots. There are three planting density in the study, which 22 cm×30 cm (T1), 16 cm×30 cm (T2), 12 cm×30 cm (T3). The experiment had three duplications, and the subplot has an area of 25 m 2 (5 m×5 m). The nitrogen fertilizer application rate was 270 kg hm − 2 , which was applied at once as basal fertilizer one day before rice seedling planting. The experiment utilizes a blanket seedling machine for tray seedling cultivation, with a seeding rate of 100 g per tray. Seeding was conducted on May 21st, and planting took place on June 13th with 2 seedlings per hill. Uniform management measures, including water management and pest control, were implemented throughout the experiment according to the requirements for high-yield cultivation. 2.4 Sampling and data collection 2.4.1 Yield and yield components During the maturity stage, 50 hills were randomly selected from each treatment to investigate the effective panicle number. Additionally, from the same 50 hills, 5 hills with average panicle numbers were selected to assess the number of spikelets per panicle, seed-setting rate, and 1000-grain weight. After reaching maturity, 100 hills were harvested from each plot. After threshing, removing impurities, and air-drying, moisture content and weight were measured. The actual yield was calculated based on a moisture content of 14.5%. 2.4.2 Dry matter accumulation At the jointing stage, heading stage, and maturity stage, three representative plant samples were taken from each treatment based on the average tiller number. The leaf area of the plants was determined using the length-width method, and the leaf area index (LAI) was calculated. The samples were then wilted at 105 ℃ for 30 minutes, dried at 80 ℃ to a constant weight, and the dry matter mass was measured. The cumulative dry matter accumulation and its proportion were calculated for each stage. 2.4.3 Tillering number After entering the tillering stage, 15 hills of representative rice were selected in each treatment for tagging and labeling, and the number of the tillering were observed at fixed points: once every 7 days before the heading. 2.4.4 SPAD values Every 7 days after the heading, SPAD-502 Plus chlorophyll meter (Minolta, Tokyo, Japan) was used to obtain SPAD values for rice flag leaf. SPAD values of the tip, middle, and base of the leaf were obtained (five replicates each), and the average values were used in the analysis. 2.4.5 Plant height and leaf pattern of top three leaves At the heading, 10 hills with consistent growth of different treatment groups were selected, and the main stem was selected to determine plant height, top three leaves’s leaf length, leaf width, leaf base angle, leaf opening angle and leaf drooping angle. 2.4.6 Panicle pattern At the mature stage, representative 15 hills rice plants were selected according to the average number of panicles. These rice plants were then air-dried and tested indoors. The panicle length was measured, and the number of primary branches and secondary branches was recorded. 2.5 Data analysis The harvest index, percentage of productive tiller and leaf area reduction rate was calculated by the following formula: Excel 2016 (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA) was utilized for data processing. Statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA), a statistical analysis software, employed for the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The images were generated using Origin 2021 (Origin Lab Corporation, Northampton, MA, USA). 3 Results 3.1 Effect of planting density on yield and yield components As shown in Table 2, under the same planting density, the yield of the four varieties followed the order SY1 > YY1540 > YY15 > YY17. Compared to the low-density treatment (T1), yield increased with higher planting densities. Under medium- and high-density conditions (T2 and T3), yield increases for YY15, YY17, YY1540, and SY1 ranged from 3.21%-5.95%, 1.87%-6.77%, 2.75%-10.57%, and 2.00%-4.45%, respectively. These significant yield enhancements were primarily due to increased numbers of effective panicles, which led to higher total spikelet numbers. Over the two-year study period, the total spikelet numbers of the four varieties increased significantly by 5.15%-10.64%, 3.34%-12.88%, 5.79%-14.33%, and 3.46%-11.56% under T2 and T3, respectively. While 1000-grain weight and seed-setting rate decreased with increasing density, no significant differences in 1000-grain weight were observed between T1 and higher-density treatments. ANOVA results indicated that experimental year, variety, and planting density had highly significant effects on yield and its components. Moreover, the interaction between year and variety significantly influenced 1000-grain weight and seed-setting rate, while the interaction between variety and planting density significantly affected panicle number, total spikelet number, and yield. 3.2 Effect of planting density on dry matter accumulation Figure 2 shows that at a given planting density, the total dry matter accumulation followed the descending order of SY1 > YY1540 > YY15 > YY17. Dry matter accumulation increased with density at all critical growth stages. For YY15, YY17, and YY1540, dry matter accumulation increased significantly under medium- and high-density treatments (T2 and T3), whereas for SY1, a significant increase was observed only in the 2022 trial. In 2023, SY1 did not exhibit a significant difference at the heading stage under T2 and T3 but did show a significant increase at maturity under T3. The harvest index followed the same ranking as yield (SY1 > YY1540 > YY15 > YY17). Except for YY17 in 2023, the harvest index decreased with increasing planting density, with reductions of 0.77%-3.26%, 0.33%-3.18%, 0.99%-2.42%, and 1.17%-2.53% under T2 and T3 compared to T1. Figure3 and Fig. 4 illustrates that under the same planting density, dry matter accumulation and its proportion during the sowing-jointing and heading-maturity stages followed the order SY1 > YY1540 > YY15 > YY17, aligning with the yield trends. The proportion of dry matter accumulation at these stages increased with planting density across all varieties. Specifically, at the sowing-jointing stage, the increase in dry matter accumulation proportion under T2 and T3 compared to T1 ranged from 1.41%-4.74% for YY15, 2.58%-6.98% for YY17, 2.57%-5.05% for YY1540, and 1.85%-7.60% for SY1. Similarly, at the heading-maturity stage, the increase ranged from 1.75%-3.64%, 1.07%-3.66%, 1.07%-2.59%, and 1.11%-3.51% for the respective varieties. 3.3 Effect of planting density on leaf area index As shown in Fig. 5, under the same density, the LAI at the heading stage was ranked as YY15 > YY17 > SY1 > YY1540. The LAI increased with planting density across all key reproductive stages. Specifically, at the jointing stage, the LAI increased by 2.02%-5.01%, 6.10%-11.41%, 5.57%-8.90%, and 6.47%-12.94% for YY15, YY17, YY1540, and SY1 under T2 and T3, respectively. Similar trends were observed at heading (1.56%-2.85%, 2.28%-5.98%, 1.91%-4.70%, and 1.75%-3.91%) and at maturity (2.20%-4.63%, 3.99%-9.67%, 3.83%-6.71%, and 2.95%-5.90%). The leaf area reduction rate increased with planting density, but a significant increase was only observed under T3 for YY17 and SY1 in 2023. 3.4 Effect of planting density on tillers number Figure 6 illustrates that from transplanting to the heading stage, tiller numbers initially increased, peaking approximately 35 days after transplanting, before declining. Tiller numbers increased with planting density. After transplanting 35 days, compared to T1, tiller numbers under T2 and T3 increased by 10.42%-21.87%, 7.41%-21.10%, 9.27%-22.73%, and 7.96%-18.91% for YY15, YY17, YY1540, and SY1, respectively. As shown in Fig. 7, the percentage of productive tillers decreased with increasing density, with the order of percentage of productive tillers being SY1 > YY1540 > YY15 > YY17. Compared to T1, the reduction in percentage of productive tillers under T2 and T3 ranged from 1.35%-3.10%, 1.01%-2.66%, 0.45%-1.64%, and 1.29%-1.64%, respectively. 3.5 Effect of planting density on SPAD values of flag leaves Chlorophyll constitutes a critical factor in governing photosynthesis within rice plants, and its content serves as a pivotal indicator of both leaf photosynthetic functionality and the progression of leaf senescence. As shown in Fig. 8, after the rice heading stage, it was found that the SPAD values of the flag leaf of all varieties decreased. Specifically, 28 days after heading, the SPAD values declined rapidly. The attenuation rates of SPAD values from heading to 42 days post-heading were 47.47%-48.11% for YY15, 47.66%-51.26% for YY17, 43.09%-46.12% for YY1540, and 44.60%-47.97% for SY1. After heading, the SPAD values decreased with density, indicating that high density led to lower SPAD values and faster decay. 3.6 Effect of planting density on plant height and top three leaf pattern Table 3 reveals that at the same density, the plant height order was YY15 > YY17 > YY1540 > SY1. Plant height decreased with planting density increase. In 2022, significant decreases in plant height of YY15, YY17, and YY1540 were observed under T3 compared with T1; in 2023, the decreases of YY17, YY1540, and SY1 were significant. The leaf length and width of each variety decreased with density. For leaf length of the top three leaves, the order was third leaf > second leaf > flag leaf; for leaf width, it was flag leaf > second leaf > third leaf. According to Table 4, the leaf base angle, leaf opening angle, and leaf drooping angle of the top three leaves decreased with density, with the order of third leaf > second leaf > flag leaf for these parameters. 3.7 Effect of planting density on spike pattern Table 5 shows that at the same density, the grain density order was YY1540 > SY1 > YY15 > YY17. Panicle length, primary branch, secondary branch, spikelets per panicle, and grain density decreased with density increase. Compared with T1, the grain density decreases under T2 and T3 were 0.72%-2.38%, 0.29%-1.75%, 0.92%-2.06%, and 0.35%-2.25%, respectively. The spikelets per panicle decreased by 1.87%-7.03%, 1.42%-4.74%, 2.43%-5.29%, and 1.60%-5.98%. 3.8 Correlation analysis between yield and population characteristics Figure 9 illustrates the relationships between yield and various population characteristics. Yield exhibited a significant positive correlation with grain density, spikelets per panicle, percentage of productive tillers, harvest index, and dry matter accumulation at maturity. In contrast, yield was negatively correlated with plant height, top three leaf length, and leaf area index at the heading stage. Among the yield components, the number of panicles was positively correlated with total spikelets but negatively correlated with 1000-grain weight, seed-setting rate, and spikelets per panicle. Spikelets per panicle showed a positive correlation with total spikelets and 1000-grain weight but was negatively correlated with the seed-setting rate. Additionally, the seed-setting rate was negatively correlated with total spikelets and 1000-grain weight, suggesting a trade-off between the number of spikelets and their filling efficiency. These results highlight the complex interrelationships among population characteristics that determine yield performance. 3.9 Passage analysis of yield and population characteristics Table 6 presents the results of the path analysis, ranking the direct effects of agronomic traits on yield. The most influential factor was dry matter accumulation at maturity ( P = 0.8744), which exhibited both positive and negative indirect effects through other traits. The harvest index had the second-highest direct effect ( P = 0.2088), followed by plant height, flag leaf length, percentage of productive tillers, flag leaf drooping angle, grain density, the decreasing rate of leaf area, and flag leaf width. These findings suggest that enhancing dry matter accumulation at maturity and optimizing the harvest index are key strategies for improving rice yield. Moreover, traits such as plant height and flag leaf morphology influence yield through their effects on light interception, biomass accumulation, and source-sink dynamics. Moreover, our path analysis-derived equation between population characteristics ( x ) of indica-japonica hybrid rice and yield ( y , t hm − 2 ) provides a theoretical framework for high-yield cultivation strategies. The equation is as follows: where x 1 is the harvest index (%), x 2 is the dry matter weight at maturity (t hm − 2 ), x 3 is the leaf area reduction rate (d − 1 ), x 4 is the percentage of productive tillers (panicles, ×10 4 hm − 2 ), x 5 is the plant height (cm), x 6 is the flag leaf length (cm), x 7 is the flag leaf width (cm), x 8 is the flag leaf drooping angle (º), and x 9 is the grain density (grain cm − 1 ).The correlation coefficient calculated was R 2 = 0.99, indicating a strong correlation between indica-japonica hybrid rice yield and these parameters. This suggests that the equation can effectively utilize these parameters to predict final yield. 3.10 Redundancy analysis of yield and total spikelets with source and sink evaluation indicators It is shown in Fig. 10 that the source-sink evaluation indices accounted for 94.64% of rice yield and 76.14% of total spikelets variation. Axis 1 had the dominant explanatory power, accounting for 89.04% and 68.28% of the variance in yield and total spikelets, respectively, while Axis 2 had a comparatively lower contribution. Among source-related traits, dry matter accumulation at maturity and harvest index showed the strongest associations with yield and total spikelets. On the sink side, grain density and 1000-grain weight played significant roles. The positive correlations among these factors indicate that improving both source (biomass production and translocation efficiency) and sink (grain filling capacity) traits is essential for maximizing yield potential. 4 Discussion 4.1 Effect of planting density on yield and yield components of indica-japonica hybrid rice Rice yield is determined by multiple factors, including total spikelets (a function of panicle number and spikelets per panicle), seed-setting rate, and 1000-grain weight [ 22 ]. High-yielding rice cultivars typically exhibit large sink capacity and efficient grain filling [ 23 ]. Sink expansion can be achieved by increasing panicle number, spikelets per panicle, or both, while stable filling depends on maintaining a high seed-setting rate and optimizing grain filling. Previous studies have emphasized the importance of coordinated development among yield components [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Our results demonstrated a significant positive correlation between total spikelets and panicle number but a negative correlation between total spikelets and spikelets per panicle, indicating that an increase in panicle number often comes at the expense of spikelets per panicle. Achieving high yield also requires a well-balanced source-sink relationship [ 25 ]. Photosynthesis in rice leaves serves as the primary carbohydrate source, with assimilates stored in the leaf sheaths before translocating to the grains during filling [ 27 ]. High-yielding rice varieties are characterized by greater dry matter accumulation, larger leaf area index, and slower leaf senescence, ensuring sufficient assimilate supply [ 28 ]. Our redundancy analysis (Fig. 6) showed that source and sink factors accounted for 94.64% and 76.14% of yield and total spikelets variation, respectively, highlighting that sink size is the primary determinant of yield in indica-japonica hybrid rice, provided an adequate source supply. Optimizing planting density is crucial for balancing population- and individual-level growth, improving land-use efficiency, and regulating total spikelets and 1000-grain weight [ 29 ]. Increasing planting density can enhance panicle number by increasing the number of basic seedlings, leading to higher total spikelets and yield [ 30 ]. However, some studies suggest that wider row spacing improves ventilation and light penetration, promoting larger panicles and compensating for reduced panicle number [ 31 ]. In this study, higher planting density increased panicle number but reduced spikelets per panicle, seed-setting rate, and 1000-grain weight. Nonetheless, the overall increase in total spikelets contributed to yield enhancement. Thus, maintaining an optimal balance between panicle number and spikelets per panicle while ensuring stable 1000-grain weight and seed-setting rate is essential for achieving high yield. Comparative varietal analysis showed that super-high-yielding indica-japonica hybrid rice (yield ≥ 13.5 t hm − 2 ), represented by YY1540 and SY1, had significantly higher total spikelets (12.66%-24.49% higher) than high-yielding varieties (12-13.5 t hm − 2 ). However, differences in 1000-grain weight and seed-setting rate were variety-dependent. SY1 had a higher 1000-grain weight but a lower seed-setting rate, likely due to inefficient assimilate distribution leading to grain-filling constraints. Conversely, YY1540 exhibited lower 1000-grain weight and seed-setting rate but compensated with a larger total spikelets count. These findings underscore that achieving super-high-yielding relies primarily on increasing total spikelets while maintaining stable grain weight and seed-setting rate. Additionally, extreme high temperatures in 2022 reduced yields across all varieties, emphasizing the need for improved heat stress management strategies in future breeding and cultivation efforts. 4.2 Effect of planting density on yield-forming population characteristics of indica-japonica hybrid rice Enhancing biomass accumulation and optimizing the harvest index are key strategies for improving rice yield [ 32 ]. Our results showed that dry matter accumulation at maturity followed the order SY1 > YY1540 > YY15 > YY17, with super-high-yielding varieties accumulating more biomass than high-yielding varieties, aligning with yield patterns. Notably, rapid biomass accumulation during mid-to-late growth stages was a major contributor to high yield. Dry matter accumulation increased with planting density, particularly during the heading-to-maturity stage, likely due to improved light interception and higher seedling counts. However, excessive density can lead to competition for resources, reducing grain-filling efficiency [ 33 ]. The harvest index, which reflects source-sink relationships and resource utilization efficiency, followed the order SY1 > YY1540 > YY15 > YY17. However, increasing planting density reduced the harvest index, likely due to intensified shading, which impaired post-flowering photosynthesis and assimilate translocation. While genetic improvements have historically been the primary means of enhancing the harvest index, recent studies highlight the potential of optimized agronomic practices [ 34 ]. Our findings suggest that balancing biomass accumulation and harvest index is critical for maximizing yield potential. LAI and SPAD values are crucial indicators of source strength, influencing photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation [ 35 ]. Approximately 70% of assimilates for grain filling originate from post-heading photosynthesis, making it essential to maintain high LAI and SPAD values in later growth stages [ 36 ]. While high-yielding varieties (YY15, YY17) had higher LAI than super-high-yielding varieties (YY1540, SY1), the latter achieved superior yields, suggesting more efficient utilization of light and temperature resources. Higher planting density increased LAI but also accelerated leaf senescence and reduced SPAD values in later stages due to mutual shading. Thus, optimizing planting density is essential to balance LAI expansion with light penetration to ensure sustained photosynthesis. Tillering and panicle formation are critical for yield determination [ 37 ]. Super-high-yielding varieties exhibited higher percentage of productive tiller (SY1 > YY1540 > YY15 > YY17), contributing to their superior yield potential. Their peak seedling stage occurred later, with higher peak seedling numbers and greater percentage of productive tiller. Effective tiller management through optimized fertilization and water control is essential to minimize ineffective tillers and enhance percentage of productive tiller [ 38 ]. While increased planting density promoted tiller formation, it also intensified nutrient competition and shading, reducing spike conversion efficiency. Strategies such as controlled irrigation and timely nutrient adjustments are necessary to optimize tiller productivity. Plant height and leaf morphology influence photosynthetic efficiency and lodging resistance. Excessively short plants may limit biomass production, while overly tall plants are prone to lodging [ 39 ]. Super-high-yielding varieties exhibited shorter plant height but achieved higher yields, likely due to improved light utilization and dry matter allocation. Leaf morphology variations were primarily genetic, warranting further investigation to establish optimal traits for super-high-yielding rice. Increased planting density reduced plant height due to competition for resources, in line with previous findings that wider spacing enhances leaf expansion and photosynthetic capacity [ 40 ]. Panicle traits including panicle length, primary and secondary branch numbers, and grain density, directly affect yield potential [ 41 ]. A higher number of secondary branches increases spikelets per panicle, enhancing grain yield. Super-high-yielding varieties exhibited greater grain density across both years, indicating its importance in yield formation. However, increasing planting density reduced spikelets per panicle and grain density, likely due to suppressed panicle branching. These findings highlight the trade-off between planting density and panicle development, emphasizing the need for density optimization. Our study demonstrated that increased planting density enhanced indica-japonica hybrid rice yield by improving sink capacity. However, excessive density led to stronger competition for resources, potentially limiting yield gains. Unlike some previous studies that reported yield reductions with increased density [ 31 , 42 ], our results suggest that the planting densities tested in this study may remain within the optimal range for indica-japonica hybrid rice. Future research should explore the upper limit of optimal planting density for super-high-yielding varieties. Based on our findings, we propose key population parameters as diagnostic indicators for super-high-yielding rice cultivation (Table 7). Moreover, the path analysis-derived equation linking population characteristics ( x ) of indica-japonica hybrid rice to yield ( y ) provides a theoretical framework for high-yield cultivation strategies. By implementing targeted agronomic practices to optimize these parameters according to the equation, super-high-yielding in rice production can be effectively achieved. 5 Conclusion In this study, compared with high-yielding indica-japonica hybrid rice, super-high-yielding indica-japonica hybrid rice exhibited larger sink capacity, higher harvest index, and higher productive tiller percentage. However, population characteristics such as the top three leaves and panicle patterns require further exploration. Increasing planting density of super-high-yielding indica-japonica hybrid rice enhanced basic seedling numbers and leaf area index, and increased panicle numbers through higher basic seedling counts. This led to increased dry matter accumulation, total spikelets, and yield. However, it also resulted in higher ineffective tiller numbers, reduced productive tiller percentage rate, and smaller plant spacing, which hindered ventilation and light transmission. Lower leaves struggled to intercept light energy, leading to accelerated leaf area reduction during the reproductive stage and lower flag leaf SPAD values. Plant growth was restricted, with shorter plant heights and smaller top three leaf lengths, widths, and angles, increasing lodging risk. Panicle development was also limited, with shorter panicle lengths, fewer branch pedicels, and reduced seed-setting rate, 1000-grain weight, and spikelets per panicle. Despite these limitations, the larger total spikelet number compensated for the yield gap, achieving the goal of increased yield. Abbreviations YY15 Yongyou 15 YY17 Yongyou 17 YY1540 Yongyou 1540 SY1 Shuyou 1 LAI Leaf area index. Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate Not applicable. Consent for publication Not applicable. Availability of data and materials All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article. Competing Interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Funding This work received financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China (2024YFD2300301), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32472223, 31901447), the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and the Blue Project of Yangzhou University. Authors' contributions Kailiang Mi: Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing - original draft, Writing - review and editing, Funding acquisition, Project administration. Yiyin Lu: Investigation, Formal analysis, Data curation. Muyan Zhang: Data curation, Methodology, Software. Fangfu Xu: Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing - original draft. Yanju Yang: Investigation, Data curation. Haipeng Zhang: Funding acquisition, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing - review and editing. Hongcheng Zhang : Investigation, Data curation, Formal analysis, Supervision. Acknowledgements Not applicable. References Stuart AM, Pam ARP, Silva JV, Dikitanan RC, Rutsaert P, Malabayabas AJB, Lampayan RM, Radanielson AM, Singleton GR. Yield gaps in rice-based farming systems: Insights from local studies and prospects for future analysis. Field Crops Res. 2016;194:43–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2016.04.039 . Zhang JW, Li WW, Zhou Y, Ding YF, Xu L, Jiang Y, Li GH. Long-term straw incorporation increases rice yield stability under high fertilization level conditions in the rice-wheat system. Crop J. 2021;9:1191–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2020.11.007 . Yuan S, Stuart AM, Laborte AG, Edreira JIR, Dobermann A, Kien LVN, Thuy LT, Paothong K, Traesang P, Tint KM, San SS, Villafuerte MQ, Quicho ED, Pame ARP, Then R, Flor RJ, Thon N, Agus F, Agustiani N, Deng NY, Li T, Grassini P. Southeast Asia must narrow down the yield gap to continue to be a major rice bowl. Nat Food. 2022;3:217–26. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-022-00477-z . Yu YQ, Huang Y, Zhang W. Changes in rice yields in China since 1980 associated with cultivar improvement, climate and crop management. Field Crops Res. 2012;136:65–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2012.07.021 . Gou YJ, Heng YQ, Ding WY, Xu CH, Tan QS, Li YJ, Fang YD, Li XQ, Zhou DG, Zhu XY, Zhang MY, Ye RJ, Wang HY, Shen RX. Natural variation in OsMYB8 confers diurnal floret opening time divergence between indica and japonica subspecies. Nat Commun. 2024;15:2262. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-46579-z . Guo CC, Yuan XJ, Wen YF, Yang YG, Ma YM, Yan FJ, Li B, Wang ZL, Xing MW, Zhang RP, Yang ZY, Ma J, Sun YJ. Common population characteristics of direct-seeded hybrid indica rice for high yield. Agron J. 2023;115:1606–21. https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.21359 . Yang ZY, Li N, Ma J, Sun YJ, Xu H. High-yielding traits of heavy panicle varieties under triangle planting geometry: A new plant spatial configuration for hybrid rice in China. Field Crops Res. 2014;168:135–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2014.07.017 . Tang L, Xu ZJ, Chen WF. Advances and prospects of super rice breeding in China. J Integr Agr. 2017;16:984–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61604-0 . Li M, Zhu DW, Jiang MJ, Luo DQ, Jiang XH, Ji GM, Li LJ, Zhou WJ. Dry matter production and panicle characteristics of high yield and good taste indica hybrid rice varieties. J Integr Agr. 2023;22:1338–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.033 . Wang DY, Li XY, Ye C, Xu CM, Chen S, Chu G, Zhang YB, Zhang XF. Geographic variation in the yield formation of single-season high-yielding hybrid rice in southern China. J Integr Agr. 2021;20:438–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63360-3 . Liu K, Chen Y, Huang J, Qiu YY, Li SY, Zhuo XX, Yu F, Gao J, Li GM, Zhang WY, Zhang H, Gu JF, Liu LJ, Yang JC. Spikelet differentiation and degeneration in rice varieties with different panicle sizes. Food Energy Secur. 2022;11:e320. https://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.320 . Chang SQ, Chang TG, Song QF, Zhu XG, Deng QY. Photosynthetic and agronomic traits of an elite hybrid rice Y-Liang-You 900 with a record-high yield. Field Crops Res. 2016;187:49–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2015.10.011 . Cui JY, Nishide N, Mashiguchi K, Kuroha K, Miya M, Sugimoto K, Itoh JI, Yamaguchi S, Izawa T. Fertilization controls tiller numbers via transcriptional regulation of a MAX1 -like gene in rice cultivation. Nat Commun. 2023;14:3191. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-38670-8 . Yan J, Yu J, Tao GC, Vos J, Bauman BAM, Xie GH, Meinke H. Yield formation and tillering dynamics of direct-seeded rice in flooded and nonflooded soils in the Huai River Basin of China. Field Crops Res. 2010;116:252–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2010.01.002 . Zhu GL, Wu H, Chen YT, Mondal S, Ismail AM. Growth characteristics and yield of contrasting rice genotypes under long-term stagnant flooding. Field Crops Res. 2023;301:109020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2023.109020 . Lu B, Li ZY, Yang F, Xu CS, Tang XN, Zhang JW, Ding C, Xu DZ, Zhu GF, Zhang J, Li WW, Qian HY, Jiang Y, Liu ZH, Ding YF, Li GH. Nitrogen application increased yield sensitivity of indica hybrid rice to climate resource. Eur J Agron. 2024;159:127257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2024.127257 . Deng F, He LH, Chen D, Zhang C, Tian QL, Wu ZY, Li QP, Zeng YL, Zhong XY, Zhong XY, Chen H, Wang L, Ren WJ. Growth characteristics and grain yield of machine-transplanted medium indica hybrid rice with high daily yield. J Integr Agr. 2022;21:2547–25558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.030 . Wei HH, Meng TY, Li C, Xu K, Huo ZY, Wei HY, Guo BW, Zhang HC, Dai QG. Comparisons of grain yield and nutrient accumulation and translocation in high-yielding japonica/indica hybrids, indica hybrids, and japonica conventional varieties. Field Crops Res. 2017;204:101–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.01.001 . Huang M, Chen JN, Cao FB, Zou YB. Increased hill density can compensate for yield loss from reduced nitrogen input in machine-transplanted double-cropped rice. Field Crops Res. 2018;221:333–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.06.028 . Li XY, Li Z, Xie Y, Wang B, Kuai J, Zhou GS. An improvement in oilseed rape ( Brassica napus L.) productivity through optimization of rice-straw quantity and plant density. Field Crops Res. 2021;273:108290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108290 . Miao SH, Wang XD, Song Y, Zhang Y, Li XB, Che WK, Piao JL, Xie LM, Jin F. Optimal agronomic measures combined with biochar increased rice yield through enhancing nitrogen use efficiency in soda saline-alkali fields. Eur J Agron. 2024;161:127365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2024.127365 . Gao P, Chen FF, Liu HT, Fan SJ, Zeng JR, Diao X, Liu Y, Song WC, Wang SF, Li J, Zhu XB, Tu B, Chen WL, Li T, Wang YP, Ma BT, Li SG, Yuan H, Yuan H. qGW11a / OsCAT8 , encoding an amino acid permease, negatively regulates grain size and weight in rice. Crop J. 2024;12:1150–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2024.07.001 . Ueda T, Taniguchi Y, Adachi S, Shenton M, Hori K, Tanaka J. Gene Pyramiding Strategies for Sink Size and Source Capacity for High-Yield Japonica Rice Breeding. Rice. 2025;18:6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-025-00756-w . Fei LW, Pan YH, Ma HL, Guo RJ, Wang M, Ling N, Shen QR, Guo SW. Optimal organic-inorganic fertilization increases rice yield through source-sink balance during grain filling. Field Crops Res. 2024;308:109285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109285 . Pan YH, Guo JJ, Fan LY, Ji Y, Liu Z, Wang F, Pu ZX, Ling N, Shen QR, Guo SW. The source-sink balance during the grain filling period facilitates rice production under organic fertilizer substitution. Eur J Agron. 2022;135:126468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2022.126468 . Wang Y, Pang YL, Chen K, Zhai LY, Shen CC, Wang S, Xu JL. Genetic bases of source-, sink-, and yield-related traits revealed by genome-wide association study in Xian rice. Crop J. 2020;8:119–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2019.05.001 . Ye M, Wang ZY, Wu M, Li HY, Gu JF, Yang JC, Zhang H, Zhang ZJ. Optimized leaf anatomy improves photosynthetic producing capacity of mid-season indica rice in the Yangtze River Basin during the genetic improvement. Eur J Agron. 2024;158:127196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2024.127196 . Zhang H, Chen TT, Liu LJ, Wang ZQ, Yang JC, Zhang JH. Performance in Grain Yield and Physiological Traits of Rice in the Yangtze River Basin of China During the Last 60 year. J Integr Agr. 2013;12:57–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60205-1 . Zhang H, Hou DP, Peng XL, Ma BJ, Shao SM, Jing WJ, Gu JF, Liu LJ, Wang ZQ, Liu YY, Yang JC. Optimizing integrative cultivation management improves grain quality while increasing yield and nitrogen use efficiency in rice. J Integr Agr. 2019;18:2716–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62836-4 . Huang M, Shan SL, Xie XB, Cao FB, Zou YB. Why high grain yield can be achieved in single seedling machine-transplanted hybrid rice under dense planting conditions? J Integr Agr. 2018;17:1229–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61771-4 . Singh YP, Mishra VK, Gupta RK. Optimizing Seedling Number and Hill Spacing: A Way Forward to Harness Productivity Potential of Salt-Tolerant Rice Cultivars in Salt-Affected Soils. Agr Res. 2020;9:77–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40003-019-00405-x . Dwivedi SK, Kumar S, Natividad MA, Quintana MR, Chinnusamy V, Henry A. Disentangling the Roles of Plant Water Status and Stem Carbohydrate Remobilization on Rice Harvest Index Under Drought. Rice. 2023;16:14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-023-00631-6 . Duan MY, Luo HW, Pan SG, Mo ZW, Yang XJ, Tian JY, Nie J, Wang HX, Li L, Tang XR. High transplant density cause loss yield and quality decrement by affecting photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation and transportation in super rice. Appl Ecol Env Res. 2019;17:6069–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1703_60696079 . Meng XS, Pan YH, Chai YX, Ji Y, Du HS, Huang J, Chen SX, Wang M, Guo SW. Higher light utilization and assimilate translocation efficiency produced greater grain yield in super hybrid rice. Plant Soil. 2024;504:528–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06639-1 . Wei HH, Geng XY, Zhu W, Zhang X, Zhang XB, Chen YL, Huo ZY, Xu K, Zhou GS, Meng TY, Dai QG. Individual and combined influences of salinity and drought stress on the agro-physiological traits and grain yield of rice. Field Crops Res. 2023;3044:109172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2023.109172 . Tian JY, Li SP, Cheng S, Liu QY, Zhou L, Tao Y, Xing ZP, Hu YJ, Guo BW, Wei HY, Zhang HC. Increasing the appropriate seedling density for higher yield in dry direct-seeded rice sown by a multifunctional seeder after wheat-straw return. J Integr Agr. 2023;22:400–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.064 . Fang ZM, Ji YY, Hu J, Guo RK, Sun SY, Wang XL. Strigolactones and Brassinosteroids Antagonistically Regulate the Stability of the D53-OsBZR1 Complex to Determine FC1 Expression in Rice Tillering. Mol Plant. 2020;13:586–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2019.12.005 . Liu ZL, Meng JR, Sun ZF, Su JK, Luo XY, Song JM, Li PF, Sun YK, Yu CL, Peng XL. Zinc application after low temperature stress promoted rice tillers recovery: Aspects of nutrient absorption and plant hormone regulation. Plant Sci. 2022;314:111104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111104 . Zhang YX, Yu CS, Lin JZ, Liu J, Liu B, Wang J, Huang AB, Li HY, Zhao T. OsMPH1 regulates plant height and improves grain yield in rice. PLoS ONE. 2017;12:e0180825. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180825 . Li ZZ, Deng F, Zhu L, Tang L, Zhou T, Lu H, Xia HX, Zhong XY, Wang L, Tao YF, Zhou W, Lei XL, Chen Y, Hu JF, Ren WJ. Fewer hills with more seedlings improved lodging resistance of whole hill and yield stability of machine-transplanted rice. Agron J. 2023;115:620–364. https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.21302 . Yang Y, Zhang Y, Li J, Xu P, Wu ZJ, Deng XN, Pu QH, Lv YG, Elgamal WHAS, Maniruzzaman S, Deng W, Zhou JW. hree QTL from Oryza meridionalis Could Improve Panicle Architecture in Asian Cultivated Rice. Rice. 2023;16:22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-023-00640-5 . Deng F, Li B, Yuan YJ, He CY, Zhou X, Li QP, Zhu YY, Huang XF, He YX, Ai XF, Tao YF, Zhou W, Wang L, Cheng H, Chen Y, Wang MT, Ren WJ. Increasing the number of seedlings per hill with reduced number of hills improves rice grain quality by optimizing canopy structure and light utilization under shading stress. Field Crops Res. 2022;287:108668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108668 . Tables Table 1 Main fertility periods of different indica-japonica rice hybrids Year Variety Jointing Heading Maturity 2022 YY15 7.21 9.08 10.31 YY17 7.28 9.12 11.05 YY1540 7.23 9.07 10.31 SY1 7.18 8.21 10.15 2023 YY15 7.23 9.10 11.01 YY17 7.30 9.14 11.06 YY1540 7.28 9.10 10.31 SY1 7.22 8.25 10.18 Note: YY15: Yongyou 15, YY17, Yongyou 17, YY1540: Yongyou 1540, SY1: Shuyou 1. Table 2 Effect of planting density on yield and components of indica-japonica hybrid rice Year Variety Treatment Panicles (×10 4 hm -2 ) Total spikelets (×10 5 hm -2 ) 1000-grain weight (g) Seed-setting rate (%) Yield (t hm -2 ) 2022 YY15 T1 194.44±3.78c 5307.93±105.41c 25.64±0.11a 89.62±0.54a 11.96±0.27b T2 213.45±2.02b 5581.13±44.30b 25.49±0.11a 88.58±0.31b 12.34±0.13ab T3 230.56±2.27a 5851.27±32.93a 25.40±0.06a 88.06±0.29b 12.55±0.08a Mean 212.81 5580.11 25.51 88.75 12.28 YY17 T1 222.73±3.27c 5355.60±55.66c 24.58±0.07a 90.50±0.53a 11.71±0.11b T2 245.14±1.97b 5811.35±66.37b 24.53±0.04a 89.26±0.63ab 11.98±0.14b T3 263.89±2.27a 6045.50±79.85a 24.45±0.07a 88.68±0.58b 12.36±0.17a Mean 243.92 5737.48 24.52 89.48 12.02 YY1540 T1 239.39±5.67c 6509.66±53.56c 24.42±0.10a 87.61±0.20a 13.43±0.12b T2 260.42±6.81b 6910.86±148.03b 24.23±0.22a 86.34±0.24b 13.80±0.19b T3 287.04±6.93a 7420.01±136.05a 24.13±0.03a 86.01±0.18b 14.67±0.19a Mean 262.28 6946.84 24.26 86.65 13.97 SY1 T1 209.09±3.27c 6105.13±68.84c 27.81±0.09a 86.38±0.11a 14.42±0.14c T2 223.61±2.60b 6425.01±66.41b 27.64±0.14a 86.11±0.05b 14.72±0.11b T3 241.67±2.27a 6811.02±35.15a 27.42±0.33a 85.85±0.06c 15.05±0.06a Mean 224.79 6447.06 27.62 86.11 14.73 2023 YY15 T1 204.04±3.78c 5651.09±31.43c 25.35±0.17a 93.31±0.11a 12.92±0.12b T2 222.22±2.60b 6041.23±81.23b 25.14±0.10a 92.99±0.34a 13.49±0.10a T3 235.19±3.46a 6252.23±73.02a 25.10±0.02a 92.70±0.25a 13.69±0.10a Mean 220.48 5981.52 25.19 93.00 13.37 YY17 T1 233.84±1.89c 5746.07±76.13c 24.97±0.12a 90.76±0.30a 12.41±0.12b T2 248.61±2.60b 5938.02±28.69b 24.84±0.11a 90.50±0.22ab 12.64±0.10b T3 265.28±1.13a 6226.48±28.65a 24.76±0.09a 90.10±0.24b 13.25±0.08a Mean 249.24 5970.19 24.85 90.45 12.77 YY1540 T1 245.45±5.39c 6809.42±108.23c 24.52±0.11a 90.45±0.75a 14.26±0.20c T2 269.44±4.28b 7203.87±172.75b 24.39±0.33a 89.46±0.16ab 14.87±0.25b T3 296.30±5.71a 7785.19±113.74a 24.22±0.26a 88.47±0.23b 15.77±0.05a Mean 270.40 7266.16 24.38 89.46 14.97 SY1 T1 213.13±1.89c 6468.69±68.20b 28.23±0.09a 88.12±0.29a 15.54±0.21b T2 227.08±3.40b 6692.67±144.98b 28.14±0.09a 87.42±0.16b 15.85±0.35ab T3 247.22±2.27a 7054.24±64.60a 28.06±0.09a 87.04±0.09b 16.23±0.16a Mean 229.15 6738.53 28.14 87.52 15.87 Year (Y) ** ** ** ** ** Variety (V) ** ** ** ** ** Treatment (T) ** ** ** ** ** Y×V NS NS ** ** NS Y×T NS NS NS NS NS V×T ** ** NS NS ** Y×V×T NS NS NS NS NS Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference of 5% (results in different years were compared respectively), * and ** are significant difference at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively. Ns: no significant difference. Table 3 Effect of planting density on plant height and top three leaf length and width of indica-japonica hybrid rice Year Variety Treatment Plant height (cm) Flag leaf Second leaf from top Third leaf from top Leaf length (cm) Leaf width (cm) Leaf length (cm) Leaf width (cm) Leaf length (cm) Leaf width (cm) 2022 YY15 T1 164.50±1.47a 65.40±1.64a 2.50±0.08a 78.67±1.25a 2.10±0.08a 79.00±0.41a 1.97±0.12a T2 162.90±1.37ab 63.07±0.90ab 2.33±0.17a 76.33±1.70ab 2.03±0.05a 77.37±0.63b 1.93±0.12a T3 160.33±0.85b 61.17±0.62b 2.27±0.05a 74.17±0.85b 1.93±0.17a 75.23±0.76c 1.77±0.09a Mean 162.58 63.21 2.37 76.39 2.02 77.20 1.89 YY17 T1 159.67±1.60a 68.13±0.74a 2.57±0.12a 75.30±0.93a 2.30±0.08a 77.97±0.26a 2.07±0.12a T2 157.40±2.21ab 65.17±1.03b 2.53±0.05a 74.17±0.62a 2.10±0.22a 76.57±1.31a 1.87±0.21a T3 155.13±0.82b 63.70±1.20b 2.40±0.16a 72.9±1.04b 2.03±0.12a 73.47±0.52b 1.73±0.05a Mean 157.40 67.57 2.50 74.12 2.14 76.00 1.89 YY1540 T1 146.63±1.56a 52.00±1.08a 3.00±0.16a 58.40±2.21a 2.83±0.17a 61.33±2.87a 1.87±0.05a T2 143.30±1.56ab 51.73±1.23a 2.83±0.05ab 57.53±1.43a 2.67±0.09a 59.27±2.07a 1.70±0.08ab T3 141.67±1.25b 49.33±1.03a 2.60±0.08b 56.97±0.87a 2.53±0.09a 58.70±0.22a 1.67±0.09b Mean 143.87 51.02 2.81 57.63 2.68 59.77 1.74 SY1 T1 124.17±3.12a 43.20±1.07a 2.93±0.09a 55.00±1.80a 2.27±0.17a 57.73±0.46a 1.90±0.14a T2 122.33±0.85a 40.83±0.62b 2.80±0.16a 54.03±0.86a 2.13±0.09a 56.83±1.18a 1.70±0.22a T3 121.33±1.84a 39.47±0.45b 2.77±0.21a 53.60±0.70a 2.00±0.22a 56.03±0.38a 1.67±0.12a Mean 122.61 41.17 2.83 54.21 2.13 56.87 1.76 2023 YY15 T1 164.33±3.12a 65.33±1.03a 2.63±0.26a 78.00±0.82a 2.30±0.22a 79.30±1.20a 2.00±0.08a T2 162.93±1.05a 64.17±0.24ab 2.50±0.08a 75.07±0.90b 2.13±0.05ab 78.23±1.76ab 1.90±0.08a T3 161.73±0.90a 62.63±1.10b 2.27±0.12a 73.67±0.62b 1.90±0.08b 75.33±1.25b 1.83±0.05a Mean 163.00 64.04 2.47 75.58 2.11 77.62 1.91 YY17 T1 159.23±0.71a 67.50±1.47a 2.50±0.08a 74.53±0.69a 2.13±0.12a 77.93±0.91a 2.03±0.19a T2 157.50±0.82ab 66.83±0.85ab 2.47±0.05a 72.4±0.43ab 2.00±0.08a 74.07±1.37b 1.87±0.05a T3 155.63±1.14b 64.13±0.97b 2.37±0.05a 70.97±1.47b 1.93±0.05a 72.43±0.95b 1.80±0.08a Mean 157.46 66.16 2.45 72.63 2.02 74.81 1.90 YY1540 T1 145.57±2.08a 53.20±1.07a 2.90±0.14a 57.70±1.20a 2.17±0.05a 58.73±0.52a 2.03±0.17a T2 143.70±1.84ab 51.33±0.47b 2.67±0.09ab 56.33±1.70ab 1.97±0.05ab 58.17±0.85a 1.78±0.02ab T3 141.17±0.54b 50.27±0.45b 2.57±0.05b 54.10±0.94b 1.90±0.14b 57.47±1.04a 1.60±0.08b Mean 143.48 51.6 2.71 56.04 2.01 58.12 1.81 SY1 T1 123.17±1.03a 43.83±1.25a 2.87±0.09a 55.73±0.33a 2.40±0.08a 58.33±0.47a 1.97±0.12a T2 121.50±0.41ab 41.27±1.11ab 2.73±0.09a 54.50±1.78a 2.33±0.12a 57.00±0.82ab 1.90±0.22a T3 120.33±0.85b 40.23±0.76b 2.70±0.08a 53.03±0.41a 2.30±0.22a 56.50±0.41b 1.87±0.25a Mean 121.67 41.78 2.77 54.42 2.34 57.28 1.91 Year (Y) NS * NS * ** NS NS Variety (V) ** ** ** ** ** ** NS Treatment (T) ** ** ** ** ** ** ** Y×V NS NS NS NS ** NS NS Y×T NS NS NS NS NS NS NS V×T NS NS NS NS NS * NS Y×V×T NS NS NS NS NS NS NS Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference of 5% (results in different years were compared respectively), * and ** are significant difference at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively. Ns: no significant difference. Table 4 Effect of planting density on the angle of top three leaf of indica-japonica hybrid rice Year Variety Treatment Flag leaf Second leaf from top Third leaf from top Leaf base angle (º) Leaf opening angle (º) Leaf drooping angle (º) Leaf base angle (º) Leaf opening angle (º) Leaf drooping angle (º) Leaf base angle (º) Leaf opening angle (º) Leaf drooping angle (º) 2022 YY15 T1 8.03±0.70a 14.63±0.42a 6.60±0.36a 9.13±0.74a 15.93±1.06a 6.80±1.57a 10.27±0.38a 17.83±0.45a 7.57±0.39a T2 7.97±0.74a 13.50±0.99ab 5.53±1.32a 9.00±0.78a 14.60±0.36ab 5.60±1.10a 9.30±0.43b 16.27±0.21b 6.97±0.42ab T3 7.13±0.29a 12.37±0.19b 5.23±0.46a 8.43±0.33a 14.00±0.16b 5.57±0.37a 8.87±0.29b 15.27±0.45c 6.40±0.29b Mean 7.71 13.50 5.79 8.86 14.84 5.99 9.48 16.46 6.98 YY17 T1 6.73±0.52a 11.40±0.54a 4.67±0.85a 11.57±0.46a 17.87±0.47a 6.30±0.36a 13.33±1.20a 21.70±1.07a 8.37±1.13a T2 6.63±0.42a 11.03±0.83a 4.40±1.14a 10.13±0.66b 15.90±0.70b 5.77±0.37a 12.43±0.88a 20.27±0.71ab 7.83±0.38a T3 6.33±0.26a 10.70±0.37a 4.37±0.62a 9.90±0.22b 14.43±0.26c 4.53±0.17b 11.27±0.98a 18.23±0.66b 6.97±1.63a Mean 6.57 11.04 4.48 10.53 16.07 5.53 12.34 20.07 7.72 YY1540 T1 7.57±0.34a 12.63±0.50a 5.07±0.62a 8.93±0.12a 15.03±0.70a 6.10±0.65a 9.87±0.34a 16.57±0.96a 6.70±0.98a T2 6.77±0.4ab 11.60±0.85ab 4.83±1.08a 7.57±0.34b 13.63±0.45b 6.07±0.12a 8.20±0.08b 14.73±0.41b 6.53±0.37a T3 6.33±0.34b 10.20±0.29b 3.87±0.61a 7.30±0.45b 12.93±0.52b 5.63±0.40a 8.10±0.75b 13.90±0.28b 5.80±0.49a Mean 6.89 11.48 4.59 7.93 13.87 5.93 8.72 15.07 6.34 SY1 T1 7.30±0.08a 14.70±0.50a 7.40±0.57a 8.17±0.25a 16.33±0.09a 8.17±0.25a 10.27±0.90a 19.97±0.82a 9.70±0.82a T2 6.80±0.37a 13.50±0.94ab 6.70±0.78a 7.50±0.33b 15.23±0.78ab 7.73±0.97a 9.13±0.78ab 17.60±0.50b 8.47±1.21a T3 6.60±0.29a 12.93±0.54b 6.33±0.31a 7.17±0.12b 14.47±0.29b 7.30±0.28a 8.40±0.37b 16.50±0.54b 8.10±0.90a Mean 6.90 13.71 6.81 7.61 15.34 7.73 9.27 18.02 8.76 2023 YY15 T1 7.20±0.36a 14.07±0.12a 6.87±0.34a 8.83±0.29a 16.87±0.88a 8.03±1.11a 9.00±0.22a 17.17±0.25a 8.17±0.12a T2 6.87±0.56a 13.07±0.12ab 6.20±0.64a 7.47±0.31b 14.70±0.43b 7.23±0.74a 8.70±0.16a 16.40±0.28b 7.70±0.43a T3 6.47±0.52a 12.23±0.74b 5.77±0.34a 7.20±0.29b 14.03±0.17b 6.83±0.12a 7.83±0.45b 15.30±0.22c 7.47±0.62a Mean 6.84 13.12 6.28 7.83 15.20 7.37 8.51 16.29 7.78 YY17 T1 8.47±0.59a 11.80±0.42a 3.33±0.56a 8.70±0.78a 13.77±0.61a 5.07±0.39a 12.80±0.79a 19.37±0.60a 6.57±1.07a T2 7.87±0.26ab 11.03±0.12a 3.17±0.25a 8.07±0.82a 12.50±0.42ab 4.43±0.88a 11.43±0.73a 17.77±0.54b 6.33±1.11a T3 6.67±0.88b 9.73±0.41b 3.07±0.56a 7.57±0.33a 11.73±0.56b 4.17±0.24a 10.93±1.18a 16.60±0.29b 5.67±0.90a Mean 7.67 10.86 3.19 8.11 12.67 4.56 11.72 17.91 6.19 YY1540 T1 6.67±0.48a 13.53±0.40a 6.87±0.87a 8.23±0.71a 15.70±0.41a 7.47±0.92a 9.17±0.21a 18.17±0.63a 9.00±0.78a T2 6.57±0.66a 13.07±0.21a 6.50±0.50a 8.17±0.39a 15.33±0.48ab 7.17±0.74a 8.97±0.12a 17.57±0.39a 8.60±0.36a T3 6.23±0.45a 12.57±0.81a 6.33±0.98a 7.33±0.45a 14.40±0.29b 7.07±0.61a 8.53±0.50a 16.93±0.86a 8.40±0.37a Mean 6.49 13.06 6.57 7.91 15.14 7.23 8.89 17.56 8.67 SY1 T1 7.17±0.05a 13.57±2.34a 6.40±2.30a 7.97±0.17a 15.50±0.92a 7.53±0.90a 9.13±1.18a 20.47±1.39a 11.33±0.46a T2 6.73±0.37a 12.97±0.42a 6.23±0.12a 7.63±0.31a 14.83±0.68a 7.20±0.54a 8.67±0.66a 18.70±0.43ab 10.03±1.03ab T3 6.17±0.09b 12.20±0.08a 6.03±0.17a 7.37±0.25a 14.43±1.09a 7.07±1.23a 8.30±0.59a 16.93±0.39b 8.63±0.33b Mean 6.69 12.91 6.22 7.66 14.92 7.27 8.70 18.70 10.00 Year (Y) NS NS NS ** ** NS * NS * Variety (V) ** ** ** ** * ** ** ** ** Treatment (T) ** ** NS ** ** ** ** ** ** Y×V ** ** ** ** ** ** NS ** ** Y×T NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS V×T NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS Y×V×T NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS NS Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference of 5% (results in different years were compared respectively), * and ** are significant difference at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively. Ns: no significant difference. Table 5 Effect of planting density on panicle patterns of indica-japonica hybrid rice Year Variety Treatment Panicle length (cm) The primary branch The secondary branch Spikelets per panicle Grain density (grain cm -1 ) 2022 YY15 T1 24.60±0.27a 16.21±0.48a 54.19±1.92a 273.00±3.06a 11.10±0.19a T2 23.46±0.08b 14.44±0.22b 49.14±0.35b 261.50±3.23b 11.02±0.09a T3 22.73±0.26c 13.53±0.25c 46.98±0.42b 253.80±1.79c 10.97±0.10a Mean 23.60 14.72 50.10 262.77 11.03 YY17 T1 22.95±0.66a 18.13±0.09a 48.72±0.38a 240.47±1.42a 10.48±0.25a T2 21.48±0.11b 16.47±0.25b 45.48±0.77b 237.06±2.04a 10.45±0.07a T3 20.61±0.08b 15.77±0.10c 42.35±0.29c 229.08±1.18b 10.41±0.07a Mean 21.68 16.79 45.52 235.54 10.45 YY1540 T1 19.29±0.14a 16.50±0.17a 48.82±0.17a 272.03±4.43a 14.11±0.34a T2 18.71±0.12b 14.93±0.06b 43.70±0.95b 265.41±1.27ab 13.98±0.07a T3 18.00±0.16c 13.71±0.49c 41.40±0.60c 258.56±3.23b 13.82±0.13a Mean 18.67 15.04 44.64 265.33 13.97 SY1 T1 23.03±0.14a 22.42±0.13a 51.52±0.15a 292.00±1.69a 12.68±0.15a T2 21.86±0.15b 21.35±0.24b 46.20±0.14b 287.34±0.96b 12.61±0.11a T3 20.47±0.10c 19.83±0.59c 45.32±0.91b 281.85±1.20c 12.50±0.07a Mean 21.79 21.20 47.68 287.06 12.60 2023 YY15 T1 25.34±0.22a 16.76±0.14a 58.54±0.20a 277.03±3.86a 10.93±0.19a T2 23.85±0.11b 15.26±0.13b 52.53±0.37b 271.85±1.00a 10.85±0.09a T3 22.30±0.10c 14.97±0.03c 52.43±0.47b 265.85±0.82b 10.67±0.06a Mean 23.83 15.66 54.50 271.58 10.82 YY17 T1 23.90±0.03a 17.02±0.06a 50.26±0.09a 245.72±1.32a 10.28±0.04a T2 21.91±0.06b 15.03±0.09b 47.89±0.05b 238.86±1.47b 10.15±0.18a T3 20.87±0.04c 13.41±0.03c 43.51±0.34c 234.71±0.21c 10.10±0.04a Mean 22.23 15.15 47.22 239.77 10.18 YY1540 T1 19.57±0.16a 16.18±0.11a 48.76±0.53a 277.46±1.73a 14.18±0.07a T2 19.12±0.05b 15.52±0.14b 43.57±1.28b 267.33±2.58b 13.98±0.12ab T3 18.69±0.12c 15.23±0.38b 40.91±0.46c 262.78±2.23b 13.89±0.13b Mean 19.13 15.65 44.41 269.19 14.02 SY1 T1 21.34±0.10a 21.73±0.11a 55.19±0.30a 303.50±0.66a 14.22±0.07a T2 20.79±0.07b 20.46±0.15b 49.95±0.25b 294.69±1.97b 14.17±0.14a T3 20.52±0.11c 19.29±0.03c 48.61±0.27c 285.35±2.01c 13.90±0.06b Mean 20.88 20.50 51.25 294.51 14.10 Year (Y) * ** ** ** ** Variety (V) ** ** ** ** ** Treatment (T) ** ** ** ** ** Y×V ** ** ** ** ** Y×T NS NS NS NS NS V×T NS ** NS NS NS Y×V×T * * NS NS NS Note: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference of 5% (results in different years were compared respectively), * and ** are significant difference at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively. NS: no significant difference. Table 6 Path analysis of rice population dynamics on yield of indica-japonica hybrid rice Path factor Total Direction Indirection →X 1 →X 2 →X 3 →X 4 →X 5 →X 6 →X 7 →X 8 →X 9 Total X 1 0.6421 0.2088 0.4277 0.0001 -0.0036 0.0188 -0.0122 -0.0002 0.0018 0.0009 0.4333 X 2 0.9826 0.8744 0.1021 -0.0003 -0.0033 0.0230 -0.0153 -0.0001 0.0011 0.0010 0.1082 X 3 0.2313 -0.0010 -0.0298 0.2593 -0.0001 0.0067 -0.0032 0.0000 -0.0006 0.0000 0.2323 X 4 0.8393 -0.0044 0.1717 0.6601 0.0000 0.0259 -0.0166 -0.0002 0.0018 0.0011 0.8437 X 5 -0.8386 -0.0290 -0.1358 -0.6935 0.0002 0.0039 0.0175 0.0002 -0.0012 -0.0010 -0.8097 X 6 -0.8796 0.0183 -0.1391 -0.7329 0.0002 0.0040 -0.0277 0.0002 -0.0014 -0.0011 -0.8979 X 7 0.4541 -0.0003 0.1394 0.3102 0.0001 -0.0030 0.0170 -0.0111 0.0009 0.0009 0.4544 X 8 0.3981 0.0034 0.1103 0.2836 0.0002 -0.0023 0.0102 -0.0077 -0.0001 0.0005 0.3947 X 9 0.8028 0.0013 0.1335 0.6644 0.0000 -0.0036 0.0210 -0.0149 -0.0002 0.0013 0.8015 Note: X 1 : Harvest index, X 2 : Maturity stage dry matter weight, X 3 : Leaf area reduction rate, X 4 : Percentage of productive tiller, X 5 : Plant height, X 6 : Flag leaf length, X 7 : Flag leaf width, X 8 : Flag leaf drooping angle, X 9 : Grain density. Table 7 Parameters of super-high-yielding indica-japonica hybrid rice population dynamics Type Item Unit Parameter 1000-grain weight>24 g Total spikelets ×10 5 hm -2 6800~7700 Seed-setting rate % 86.0~90.0 Maturity stage dry matter accumulation t hm -2 26.0~30.0 Harvest index % 52.0~54.0 Proportion of dry matter accumulation of heading-maturity % 36.2~37.5 Heading leaf area index 7.3~7.7 Percentage of productive tiller % 78.0~80.0 Plant height cm 141.0~147.0 Grain density grain cm -1 13.8~14.2 1000-grain weight>27.5 g Total spikelets ×10 5 hm -2 6100~7000 Seed-setting rate % 87.0~88.0 Maturity stage dry matter accumulation t hm -2 26.5~30.5 Harvest index % 53.0~55.0 Proportion of dry matter accumulation of heading-maturity % 36.8~38.3 Heading leaf area index 7.3~7.7 Percentage of productive tiller % 81.5~85.0 Plant height cm 120.0~125.0 Grain density grain cm -1 12.5~14.2 Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 18 Aug, 2025 Read the published version in BMC Plant Biology → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 17 Jun, 2025 Reviews received at journal 05 Jun, 2025 Reviews received at journal 29 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 27 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 27 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 22 May, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 20 May, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 11 May, 2025 Editor invited by journal 09 May, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 09 May, 2025 First submitted to journal 09 May, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6552695","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":460069490,"identity":"dcb503ec-5cc8-4b39-aa7a-18e7901a6827","order_by":0,"name":"Kailiang Mi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Yangzhou University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kailiang","middleName":"","lastName":"Mi","suffix":""},{"id":460069491,"identity":"9dc5c3ad-d952-4898-bed1-08c9916ca12c","order_by":1,"name":"Yiyin Lu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Yangzhou University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yiyin","middleName":"","lastName":"Lu","suffix":""},{"id":460069492,"identity":"60b81b55-1cce-46f1-8fd7-5243cadc7242","order_by":2,"name":"Muyan Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Yangzhou University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Muyan","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":460069493,"identity":"d6c41419-2658-4f4d-b79d-1ad66673dfb8","order_by":3,"name":"Fangfu Xu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Yangzhou University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Fangfu","middleName":"","lastName":"Xu","suffix":""},{"id":460069494,"identity":"f1c868b3-e839-434b-8603-664b4d9f8a1c","order_by":4,"name":"Yanju Yang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Yangzhou University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yanju","middleName":"","lastName":"Yang","suffix":""},{"id":460069495,"identity":"4d7e0857-6507-4f9b-8d09-aade51388a43","order_by":5,"name":"Haipeng Zhang","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA10lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACAwYGNhAtB+GykaDFmHQtiQ1EazGXbn/24OeO2vQN588YMHwoO8zAP7sBvxbLOQfSDXvPHM/dcOCMAeOMc4cZJO4cIOCwGwnHJHjbjuVuONhjwMzbdpjBQCKBkJbENsm/bcfSDQ7zGDD/JU5LMps0b1tNgsExoBZGorTcOcYmLdt2wHDmGbaCgz3n0nkkbhDScrv9meTbtjp5vvOHNz74UWYtxz+DgBYGCTB5mEHhAAMDEDHwEFAP11LHIN9AWO0oGAWjYBSMUAAAtotGvacyEfUAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Yangzhou University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Haipeng","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":460069496,"identity":"f3a42ee0-c76c-455b-b17a-a99a8c789af1","order_by":6,"name":"Hongcheng Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Yangzhou University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hongcheng","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-04-29 05:23:48","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6552695/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6552695/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-07105-5","type":"published","date":"2025-08-18T15:56:49+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":83290668,"identity":"32e602b3-f46d-4c7a-818d-59d0c4ce5cce","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-22 12:53:58","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":75749,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eMeteorological data for the 2022 and 2023 rice seasons\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6552695/v1/c7f9569f5a4c0514d251ca55.png"},{"id":83292625,"identity":"0f976346-ac3c-4709-bdb6-507be5fefd47","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-22 13:17:59","extension":"jpg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":6770421,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eEffect of planting density on dry matter accumulation and harvest index of \u003cem\u003eindica-japonica\u003c/em\u003e hybrid rice\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNotes: a: 2022, b: 2023. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference of 5% (results in different years were compared, respectively).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image2.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6552695/v1/cf885791edf828c20c36736f.jpg"},{"id":83290683,"identity":"19f50ee8-9444-4b97-9edd-711fc39585a4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-22 12:53:59","extension":"jpg","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":5288674,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eEffect of planting density on dry matter accumulation at different stages of \u003cem\u003eindica-japonica\u003c/em\u003ehybrid rice\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNotes: a: 2022, b: 2023. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference of 5% (results in different years were compared, respectively).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image3.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6552695/v1/d8a8ba0a51be1a147b753870.jpg"},{"id":83291756,"identity":"7d40e8e4-c5c3-4996-8252-163dbe49f56e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-22 13:09:59","extension":"jpg","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":5295392,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eEffect of planting density on the proportion of dry matter accumulation of \u003cem\u003eindica-japonica\u003c/em\u003ehybrid rice\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNotes: a: 2022, b: 2023. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference of 5% (results in different years were compared, respectively).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image4.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6552695/v1/037d1a396e716e88208c6e05.jpg"},{"id":83290931,"identity":"f6137a76-9434-4de8-9f3c-9fb3e0d99822","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-22 13:01:59","extension":"jpg","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":6435530,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eEffect of planting density on leaf area index of \u003cem\u003eindica-japonica\u003c/em\u003e hybrid rice\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNotes: a: 2022, b: 2023. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference of 5% (results in different years were compared, respectively).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image5.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6552695/v1/0ad4becce4612c9baacda4f7.jpg"},{"id":83291758,"identity":"7feea50d-8e24-4f62-b46a-76ecad575f69","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-22 13:09:59","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":250922,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eEffect of planting density on tillers numbers of \u003cem\u003eindica-japonica \u003c/em\u003ehybrid rice\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNotes: a: Yongyou 15, b: Yongyou 17, c: Yongyou 1540, d: Shuyou 1. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference of 5% (results in different years were compared, respectively).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6552695/v1/0e8ddb0967d2dd9154466bef.png"},{"id":83290680,"identity":"f4bc463b-ddcc-4c54-9fb1-fb301510cc1e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-22 12:53:59","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":81282,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eEffect of planting density on percentage of productive tiller of \u003cem\u003eindica-japonica\u003c/em\u003ehybrid rice\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNotes: a: Yongyou 15, b: Yongyou 17, c: Yongyou 1540, d: Shuyou 1. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference of 5% (results in different years were compared, respectively).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6552695/v1/e5002584672eb992eccd32f3.png"},{"id":83290928,"identity":"7748577b-9457-488a-b9f0-9937216e40ff","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-22 13:01:59","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"Figure 8","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":219307,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eEffect of planting density on leaf SPAD value of \u003cem\u003eindica-japonica\u003c/em\u003e hybrid rice\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNotes: a: Yongyou 15, b: Yongyou 17, c: Yongyou 1540, d: Shuyou 1. Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference of 5% (results in different years were compared, respectively).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6552695/v1/c844c4dabfc9dbf26f76ea5a.png"},{"id":83290692,"identity":"bad9a09a-a5c9-4b9a-a69a-462c68436a53","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-22 12:53:59","extension":"jpeg","order_by":9,"title":"Figure 9","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":404991,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eCorrelation analysis between yield and rice population dynamics of \u003cem\u003eindica-japonica\u003c/em\u003e hybrid rice\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote: P: Panicles, TS: Total spikelets, GW: 1000-grain weight, SE: Seed-setting rate, Y: Yield, MD: Maturity stage dry matter weight, HI: Harvest index, HA: Heading stage leaf area index, AD: Leaf area reduction rate, PT: Percentage of productive tiller, PH: Plant height, FL: Flag leaf length, SL: Second leaf length from top, TL: Third leaf length from top, SP: Spikelets per panicle, GD: Grain density, *: significant at the p \u0026lt; 0.05 level.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image9.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6552695/v1/9e352a0b5d6a8a5e0d151903.jpeg"},{"id":83290925,"identity":"77970313-cab7-40f2-a6cb-3539c43b71b4","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-22 13:01:59","extension":"png","order_by":10,"title":"Figure 10","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":308068,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eRedundancy analysis of rice yield, total spikelets and indicators for source and sink evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote: a: redundancy analysis of source evaluation indicators, B: redundancy analysis of sink evaluation indicators.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTS: Total spikelets, Y: Yield, HA: Heading stage leaf area index, AD: Leaf area reduction rate, PH: Plant height, FL: Flag leaf length, HI: Harvest index, MD: Maturity stage dry matter weight, GW: 1000-grain weight, SE: Seed-setting rate, PL: Panicle length, PB: The primary branch, EB: The secondary branch, GD: Grain density, SP: Spikelets per panicle.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"image10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6552695/v1/2c063e871f36696ce6d66926.png"},{"id":89846995,"identity":"706dbdda-0c15-47ac-8bc3-31c109a46042","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-25 16:32:55","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":16254244,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6552695/v1/04d64104-ccf5-43e2-94bf-98e490001b7e.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Studies on the mechanism of the formation of yield differences in indica- japonica hybrid rice","fulltext":[{"header":"1 Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eRice serves as a staple food crop for over half of the global population, playing a critical role in meeting both nutritional and energetic demands [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. However, the rapidly growing global population and accelerating economic development have led to an increasing demand for food resources. Projections indicate that by 2050, rice production must increase by approximately 30% to sustainably meet human consumption needs [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. Despite this urgent demand, recent trends reveal a stagnation in rice yield across several major rice-producing countries, following a prolonged period of steady growth. Furthermore, the land available for rice cultivation is shrinking due to expanding industrialization and urbanization [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]. These challenges highlight the pressing need to enhance rice yield per unit area as a fundamental strategy for ensuring global food security.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHybrid rice, particularly \u003cem\u003eindica-japonica\u003c/em\u003e hybrids, has garnered considerable attention due to its high yield potential and strong adaptability to diverse environmental conditions. These advantages have contributed to a significant increase in its cultivation area [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. Given its potential, a comprehensive understanding of the productivity patterns of \u003cem\u003eindica-japonica\u003c/em\u003e hybrid rice under modern cultivation practices is essential for future yield improvements. Achieving high rice yield primarily depends on selecting high-yielding varieties and optimizing cultivation practices to enhance both individual plant performance and population growth, ultimately leading to increased grain yield. The characteristics of a rice population, which encompass variations in population size and quality, play a pivotal role in determining yield outcomes [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. Key indicators of population characteristics include dry matter accumulation, leaf area index, tiller number, plant architecture, panicle type, and leaf morphology [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]. Yield variations among different rice varieties are largely attributed to differences in these population traits [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. Poor population growth often results in suboptimal grain yield, underscoring the necessity of continuously optimizing rice population quality through strategic agronomic interventions [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]. Rice varieties with optimal morphological and physiological traits, such as moderate plant height, erect and sturdy stems, upright panicles with numerous grains, long and thick dark-green leaves, well-developed root systems, and strong environmental adaptability, maximize light energy utilization and optimize carbon and nitrogen metabolism, thereby promoting yield improvement [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e]. Moreover, maintaining a well-balanced tillering dynamic is critical for establishing a high-quality rice population [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]. Excessive tillering often leads to an increased proportion of unproductive tillers, which deplete nutrients and reduce percentage of productive tillers. Conversely, a well-regulated tillering dynamic enhances canopy ventilation and light penetration, increases lodging resistance, and improves panicle formation, thereby facilitating high-yield rice production [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe formation of rice grain yield is fundamentally governed by the production and distribution of dry matter [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]. The amount of dry matter accumulated at different growth stages and its subsequent translocation to the panicle significantly influence final yield outcomes [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]. \u003cem\u003eIndica-japonica\u003c/em\u003e hybrid rice, for example, has been shown to accumulate more dry matter compared with hybrid \u003cem\u003eindica\u003c/em\u003e rice and conventional \u003cem\u003ejaponica\u003c/em\u003e rice, ultimately leading to higher yield potential [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e]. Understanding the dynamic trends in population characteristics during yield formation and identifying the contributions of individual yield components are crucial for optimizing rice productivity. Among the various agronomic factors influencing these processes, planting density plays a pivotal role in shaping rice population characteristics, biomass accumulation, and dry matter translocation [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e]. An optimal planting density helps establish a well-structured population and balances the trade-offs between individual plant performance and overall population productivity [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e]. When panicle weight remains stable, moderately increasing planting density can enhance the number of effective panicles, thus expanding the overall rice population and breaking through yield limitations [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e]. However, excessive planting density can negatively impact key physiological processes, leading to reduced leaf area index, diminished canopy photosynthetically active radiation interception, lower light transmittance, and reduced light energy utilization efficiency. Furthermore, poor canopy ventilation and excessive population density can restrict late-stage dry matter accumulation and increase susceptibility to plant diseases and pests [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRice breeders and agronomists have long been dedicated to realizing the high-yield potential of rice. However, most studies on the relationship between rice population characteristics and yield have focused on a limited number of varieties, primarily hybrid \u003cem\u003eindica\u003c/em\u003e and conventional \u003cem\u003ejaponica\u003c/em\u003e, with relatively few investigations on \u003cem\u003eindica-japonica\u003c/em\u003e hybrids. Furthermore, there is a lack of systematic research exploring how variations in population characteristics among \u003cem\u003eindica-japonica\u003c/em\u003e hybrids contribute to yield differences. To bridge this knowledge gap, the present study was conducted over two years with three planting density treatments to investigate the yield components and population characteristics of four \u003cem\u003eindica-japonica\u003c/em\u003e hybrid rice varieties. The primary objective was to elucidate the population dynamics differences among these varieties. The findings from this study are expected to provide theoretical insights and practical guidance for optimizing cultivation practices to achieve stable and high-yielding \u003cem\u003eindica-japonica\u003c/em\u003e hybrid rice production.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2 Materials and methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.1 Experimental location\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe experiment was conducted in 2022 and 2023 at the Qingfeng Village of Nandu Town in Liyang City, Jiangsu Province, China (32.45\u0026deg;N, 119.33\u0026deg;E). The soil type in the experimental was clay loam. The physicochemical properties of topsoil (0\u0026ndash;20 cm) were as follows: total nitrogen content of 1.33g kg\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e, organic matter of 19.1 g kg\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e; alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen of 115.4 mg kg\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e, available phosphorus of 63.7 mg kg\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e, available potassium of 97.1 mg kg\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e, pH of 6.02. Temperature and rainfall during the two-year rice growing season are detailed in Fig.\u0026nbsp;1 (Xihe Energy Big Data Platform, Tudor Technology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.2 Materials\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe tested varieties were Yongyou 15, Yongyou 17, and Yongyou 1540, selected by Ningbo Seed Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Province, China, and Shuyou 1, selected by Huanteng Agricultural Co., Ltd., Suqian City, Jiangsu Province, China. All are \u003cem\u003eindica-japonica\u003c/em\u003e hybrid rice varieties. These four rice varieties were selected because of their popularity in rice production and widespread cultivation, and the fertility periods of each variety are detailed in Table\u0026nbsp;1. The controlled release blended fertilizer (N: P\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e: K\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eO\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;26:10:15) was by Maoshi Ecological Fertilizer Co., Ltd.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.3 Experimental design and crop management\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatments were arranged in two-factor split-plot design with rice varieties as the main plots and planting density treatments as the subplots. There are three planting density in the study, which 22 cm\u0026times;30 cm (T1), 16 cm\u0026times;30 cm (T2), 12 cm\u0026times;30 cm (T3). The experiment had three duplications, and the subplot has an area of 25 m\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e (5 m\u0026times;5 m). The nitrogen fertilizer application rate was 270 kg hm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;2\u003c/sup\u003e, which was applied at once as basal fertilizer one day before rice seedling planting. The experiment utilizes a blanket seedling machine for tray seedling cultivation, with a seeding rate of 100 g per tray. Seeding was conducted on May 21st, and planting took place on June 13th with 2 seedlings per hill. Uniform management measures, including water management and pest control, were implemented throughout the experiment according to the requirements for high-yield cultivation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.4 Sampling and data collection\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.4.1 Yield and yield components\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eDuring the maturity stage, 50 hills were randomly selected from each treatment to investigate the effective panicle number. Additionally, from the same 50 hills, 5 hills with average panicle numbers were selected to assess the number of spikelets per panicle, seed-setting rate, and 1000-grain weight. After reaching maturity, 100 hills were harvested from each plot. After threshing, removing impurities, and air-drying, moisture content and weight were measured. The actual yield was calculated based on a moisture content of 14.5%.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.4.2 Dry matter accumulation\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAt the jointing stage, heading stage, and maturity stage, three representative plant samples were taken from each treatment based on the average tiller number. The leaf area of the plants was determined using the length-width method, and the leaf area index (LAI) was calculated. The samples were then wilted at 105 ℃ for 30 minutes, dried at 80 ℃ to a constant weight, and the dry matter mass was measured. The cumulative dry matter accumulation and its proportion were calculated for each stage.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.4.3 Tillering number\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfter entering the tillering stage, 15 hills of representative rice were selected in each treatment for tagging and labeling, and the number of the tillering were observed at fixed points: once every 7 days before the heading.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.4.4 SPAD values\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvery 7 days after the heading, SPAD-502 Plus chlorophyll meter (Minolta, Tokyo, Japan) was used to obtain SPAD values for rice flag leaf. SPAD values of the tip, middle, and base of the leaf were obtained (five replicates each), and the average values were used in the analysis.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.4.5 Plant height and leaf pattern of top three leaves\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAt the heading, 10 hills with consistent growth of different treatment groups were selected, and the main stem was selected to determine plant height, top three leaves\u0026rsquo;s leaf length, leaf width, leaf base angle, leaf opening angle and leaf drooping angle.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.4.6 Panicle pattern\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e At the mature stage, representative 15 hills rice plants were selected according to the average number of panicles. These rice plants were then air-dried and tested indoors. The panicle length was measured, and the number of primary branches and secondary branches was recorded.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.5 Data analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe harvest index, percentage of productive tiller and leaf area reduction rate was calculated by the following formula:\u003c/div\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"data:image/png;base64,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\" height=\"138\" width=\"468\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eExcel 2016 (Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA) was utilized for data processing. Statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA), a statistical analysis software, employed for the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The images were generated using Origin 2021 (Origin Lab Corporation, Northampton, MA, USA).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"3 Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.1 Effect of planting density on yield and yield components\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs shown in Table\u0026nbsp;2, under the same planting density, the yield of the four varieties followed the order SY1\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;YY1540\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;YY15\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;YY17. Compared to the low-density treatment (T1), yield increased with higher planting densities. Under medium- and high-density conditions (T2 and T3), yield increases for YY15, YY17, YY1540, and SY1 ranged from 3.21%-5.95%, 1.87%-6.77%, 2.75%-10.57%, and 2.00%-4.45%, respectively. These significant yield enhancements were primarily due to increased numbers of effective panicles, which led to higher total spikelet numbers. Over the two-year study period, the total spikelet numbers of the four varieties increased significantly by 5.15%-10.64%, 3.34%-12.88%, 5.79%-14.33%, and 3.46%-11.56% under T2 and T3, respectively. While 1000-grain weight and seed-setting rate decreased with increasing density, no significant differences in 1000-grain weight were observed between T1 and higher-density treatments. ANOVA results indicated that experimental year, variety, and planting density had highly significant effects on yield and its components. Moreover, the interaction between year and variety significantly influenced 1000-grain weight and seed-setting rate, while the interaction between variety and planting density significantly affected panicle number, total spikelet number, and yield.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.2 Effect of planting density on dry matter accumulation\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eFigure 2 shows that at a given planting density, the total dry matter accumulation followed the descending order of SY1\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;YY1540\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;YY15\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;YY17. Dry matter accumulation increased with density at all critical growth stages. For YY15, YY17, and YY1540, dry matter accumulation increased significantly under medium- and high-density treatments (T2 and T3), whereas for SY1, a significant increase was observed only in the 2022 trial. In 2023, SY1 did not exhibit a significant difference at the heading stage under T2 and T3 but did show a significant increase at maturity under T3. The harvest index followed the same ranking as yield (SY1\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;YY1540\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;YY15\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;YY17). Except for YY17 in 2023, the harvest index decreased with increasing planting density, with reductions of 0.77%-3.26%, 0.33%-3.18%, 0.99%-2.42%, and 1.17%-2.53% under T2 and T3 compared to T1.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFigure3 and Fig.\u0026nbsp;4 illustrates that under the same planting density, dry matter accumulation and its proportion during the sowing-jointing and heading-maturity stages followed the order SY1\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;YY1540\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;YY15\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;YY17, aligning with the yield trends. The proportion of dry matter accumulation at these stages increased with planting density across all varieties. Specifically, at the sowing-jointing stage, the increase in dry matter accumulation proportion under T2 and T3 compared to T1 ranged from 1.41%-4.74% for YY15, 2.58%-6.98% for YY17, 2.57%-5.05% for YY1540, and 1.85%-7.60% for SY1. Similarly, at the heading-maturity stage, the increase ranged from 1.75%-3.64%, 1.07%-3.66%, 1.07%-2.59%, and 1.11%-3.51% for the respective varieties.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.3 Effect of planting density on leaf area index\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;5, under the same density, the LAI at the heading stage was ranked as YY15\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;YY17\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;SY1\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;YY1540. The LAI increased with planting density across all key reproductive stages. Specifically, at the jointing stage, the LAI increased by 2.02%-5.01%, 6.10%-11.41%, 5.57%-8.90%, and 6.47%-12.94% for YY15, YY17, YY1540, and SY1 under T2 and T3, respectively. Similar trends were observed at heading (1.56%-2.85%, 2.28%-5.98%, 1.91%-4.70%, and 1.75%-3.91%) and at maturity (2.20%-4.63%, 3.99%-9.67%, 3.83%-6.71%, and 2.95%-5.90%). The leaf area reduction rate increased with planting density, but a significant increase was only observed under T3 for YY17 and SY1 in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec18\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.4 Effect of planting density on tillers number\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eFigure 6 illustrates that from transplanting to the heading stage, tiller numbers initially increased, peaking approximately 35 days after transplanting, before declining. Tiller numbers increased with planting density. After transplanting 35 days, compared to T1, tiller numbers under T2 and T3 increased by 10.42%-21.87%, 7.41%-21.10%, 9.27%-22.73%, and 7.96%-18.91% for YY15, YY17, YY1540, and SY1, respectively. As shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;7, the percentage of productive tillers decreased with increasing density, with the order of percentage of productive tillers being SY1\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;YY1540\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;YY15\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;YY17. Compared to T1, the reduction in percentage of productive tillers under T2 and T3 ranged from 1.35%-3.10%, 1.01%-2.66%, 0.45%-1.64%, and 1.29%-1.64%, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec19\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.5 Effect of planting density on SPAD values of flag leaves\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eChlorophyll constitutes a critical factor in governing photosynthesis within rice plants, and its content serves as a pivotal indicator of both leaf photosynthetic functionality and the progression of leaf senescence. As shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;8, after the rice heading stage, it was found that the SPAD values of the flag leaf of all varieties decreased. Specifically, 28 days after heading, the SPAD values declined rapidly. The attenuation rates of SPAD values from heading to 42 days post-heading were 47.47%-48.11% for YY15, 47.66%-51.26% for YY17, 43.09%-46.12% for YY1540, and 44.60%-47.97% for SY1. After heading, the SPAD values decreased with density, indicating that high density led to lower SPAD values and faster decay.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec20\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.6 Effect of planting density on plant height and top three leaf pattern\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;3 reveals that at the same density, the plant height order was YY15\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;YY17\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;YY1540\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;SY1. Plant height decreased with planting density increase. In 2022, significant decreases in plant height of YY15, YY17, and YY1540 were observed under T3 compared with T1; in 2023, the decreases of YY17, YY1540, and SY1 were significant. The leaf length and width of each variety decreased with density. For leaf length of the top three leaves, the order was third leaf\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;second leaf\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;flag leaf; for leaf width, it was flag leaf\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;second leaf\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;third leaf. According to Table\u0026nbsp;4, the leaf base angle, leaf opening angle, and leaf drooping angle of the top three leaves decreased with density, with the order of third leaf\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;second leaf\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;flag leaf for these parameters.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec21\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.7 Effect of planting density on spike pattern\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;5 shows that at the same density, the grain density order was YY1540\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;SY1\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;YY15\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;YY17. Panicle length, primary branch, secondary branch, spikelets per panicle, and grain density decreased with density increase. Compared with T1, the grain density decreases under T2 and T3 were 0.72%-2.38%, 0.29%-1.75%, 0.92%-2.06%, and 0.35%-2.25%, respectively. The spikelets per panicle decreased by 1.87%-7.03%, 1.42%-4.74%, 2.43%-5.29%, and 1.60%-5.98%.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec22\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.8 Correlation analysis between yield and population characteristics\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eFigure 9 illustrates the relationships between yield and various population characteristics. Yield exhibited a significant positive correlation with grain density, spikelets per panicle, percentage of productive tillers, harvest index, and dry matter accumulation at maturity. In contrast, yield was negatively correlated with plant height, top three leaf length, and leaf area index at the heading stage. Among the yield components, the number of panicles was positively correlated with total spikelets but negatively correlated with 1000-grain weight, seed-setting rate, and spikelets per panicle. Spikelets per panicle showed a positive correlation with total spikelets and 1000-grain weight but was negatively correlated with the seed-setting rate. Additionally, the seed-setting rate was negatively correlated with total spikelets and 1000-grain weight, suggesting a trade-off between the number of spikelets and their filling efficiency. These results highlight the complex interrelationships among population characteristics that determine yield performance.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec23\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.9 Passage analysis of yield and population characteristics\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;6 presents the results of the path analysis, ranking the direct effects of agronomic traits on yield. The most influential factor was dry matter accumulation at maturity (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.8744), which exhibited both positive and negative indirect effects through other traits. The harvest index had the second-highest direct effect (\u003cem\u003eP\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.2088), followed by plant height, flag leaf length, percentage of productive tillers, flag leaf drooping angle, grain density, the decreasing rate of leaf area, and flag leaf width. These findings suggest that enhancing dry matter accumulation at maturity and optimizing the harvest index are key strategies for improving rice yield. Moreover, traits such as plant height and flag leaf morphology influence yield through their effects on light interception, biomass accumulation, and source-sink dynamics. Moreover, our path analysis-derived equation between population characteristics (\u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e) of \u003cem\u003eindica-japonica\u003c/em\u003e hybrid rice and yield (\u003cem\u003ey\u003c/em\u003e, t hm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;2\u003c/sup\u003e) provides a theoretical framework for high-yield cultivation strategies. The equation is as follows:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ewhere \u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e is the harvest index (%), \u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e is the dry matter weight at maturity (t hm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;2\u003c/sup\u003e), \u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e is the leaf area reduction rate (d\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e), \u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e is the percentage of productive tillers (panicles, \u0026times;10\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e hm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;2\u003c/sup\u003e), \u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e is the plant height (cm), \u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e is the flag leaf length (cm), \u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003e is the flag leaf width (cm), \u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003e is the flag leaf drooping angle (\u0026ordm;), and \u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e\u003csub\u003e9\u003c/sub\u003e is the grain density (grain cm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e).The correlation coefficient calculated was \u003cem\u003eR\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.99, indicating a strong correlation between \u003cem\u003eindica-japonica\u003c/em\u003e hybrid rice yield and these parameters. This suggests that the equation can effectively utilize these parameters to predict final yield.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec24\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e3.10 Redundancy analysis of yield and total spikelets with source and sink evaluation indicators\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt is shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;10 that the source-sink evaluation indices accounted for 94.64% of rice yield and 76.14% of total spikelets variation. Axis 1 had the dominant explanatory power, accounting for 89.04% and 68.28% of the variance in yield and total spikelets, respectively, while Axis 2 had a comparatively lower contribution. Among source-related traits, dry matter accumulation at maturity and harvest index showed the strongest associations with yield and total spikelets. On the sink side, grain density and 1000-grain weight played significant roles. The positive correlations among these factors indicate that improving both source (biomass production and translocation efficiency) and sink (grain filling capacity) traits is essential for maximizing yield potential.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"4 Discussion","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec26\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.1 Effect of planting density on yield and yield components of \u003cem\u003eindica-japonica\u003c/em\u003e hybrid rice\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eRice yield is determined by multiple factors, including total spikelets (a function of panicle number and spikelets per panicle), seed-setting rate, and 1000-grain weight [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]. High-yielding rice cultivars typically exhibit large sink capacity and efficient grain filling [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e]. Sink expansion can be achieved by increasing panicle number, spikelets per panicle, or both, while stable filling depends on maintaining a high seed-setting rate and optimizing grain filling. Previous studies have emphasized the importance of coordinated development among yield components [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e]. Our results demonstrated a significant positive correlation between total spikelets and panicle number but a negative correlation between total spikelets and spikelets per panicle, indicating that an increase in panicle number often comes at the expense of spikelets per panicle.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAchieving high yield also requires a well-balanced source-sink relationship [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e]. Photosynthesis in rice leaves serves as the primary carbohydrate source, with assimilates stored in the leaf sheaths before translocating to the grains during filling [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e]. High-yielding rice varieties are characterized by greater dry matter accumulation, larger leaf area index, and slower leaf senescence, ensuring sufficient assimilate supply [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e]. Our redundancy analysis (Fig.\u0026nbsp;6) showed that source and sink factors accounted for 94.64% and 76.14% of yield and total spikelets variation, respectively, highlighting that sink size is the primary determinant of yield in \u003cem\u003eindica-japonica\u003c/em\u003e hybrid rice, provided an adequate source supply.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOptimizing planting density is crucial for balancing population- and individual-level growth, improving land-use efficiency, and regulating total spikelets and 1000-grain weight [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e]. Increasing planting density can enhance panicle number by increasing the number of basic seedlings, leading to higher total spikelets and yield [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e]. However, some studies suggest that wider row spacing improves ventilation and light penetration, promoting larger panicles and compensating for reduced panicle number [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e]. In this study, higher planting density increased panicle number but reduced spikelets per panicle, seed-setting rate, and 1000-grain weight. Nonetheless, the overall increase in total spikelets contributed to yield enhancement. Thus, maintaining an optimal balance between panicle number and spikelets per panicle while ensuring stable 1000-grain weight and seed-setting rate is essential for achieving high yield.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparative varietal analysis showed that super-high-yielding \u003cem\u003eindica-japonica\u003c/em\u003e hybrid rice (yield\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;13.5 t hm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;2\u003c/sup\u003e), represented by YY1540 and SY1, had significantly higher total spikelets (12.66%-24.49% higher) than high-yielding varieties (12-13.5 t hm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;2\u003c/sup\u003e). However, differences in 1000-grain weight and seed-setting rate were variety-dependent. SY1 had a higher 1000-grain weight but a lower seed-setting rate, likely due to inefficient assimilate distribution leading to grain-filling constraints. Conversely, YY1540 exhibited lower 1000-grain weight and seed-setting rate but compensated with a larger total spikelets count. These findings underscore that achieving super-high-yielding relies primarily on increasing total spikelets while maintaining stable grain weight and seed-setting rate. Additionally, extreme high temperatures in 2022 reduced yields across all varieties, emphasizing the need for improved heat stress management strategies in future breeding and cultivation efforts.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec27\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e4.2 Effect of planting density on yield-forming population characteristics of \u003cem\u003eindica-japonica\u003c/em\u003e hybrid rice\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnhancing biomass accumulation and optimizing the harvest index are key strategies for improving rice yield [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e]. Our results showed that dry matter accumulation at maturity followed the order SY1\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;YY1540\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;YY15\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;YY17, with super-high-yielding varieties accumulating more biomass than high-yielding varieties, aligning with yield patterns. Notably, rapid biomass accumulation during mid-to-late growth stages was a major contributor to high yield. Dry matter accumulation increased with planting density, particularly during the heading-to-maturity stage, likely due to improved light interception and higher seedling counts. However, excessive density can lead to competition for resources, reducing grain-filling efficiency [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e]. The harvest index, which reflects source-sink relationships and resource utilization efficiency, followed the order SY1\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;YY1540\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;YY15\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;YY17. However, increasing planting density reduced the harvest index, likely due to intensified shading, which impaired post-flowering photosynthesis and assimilate translocation. While genetic improvements have historically been the primary means of enhancing the harvest index, recent studies highlight the potential of optimized agronomic practices [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e]. Our findings suggest that balancing biomass accumulation and harvest index is critical for maximizing yield potential.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLAI and SPAD values are crucial indicators of source strength, influencing photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e]. Approximately 70% of assimilates for grain filling originate from post-heading photosynthesis, making it essential to maintain high LAI and SPAD values in later growth stages [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e]. While high-yielding varieties (YY15, YY17) had higher LAI than super-high-yielding varieties (YY1540, SY1), the latter achieved superior yields, suggesting more efficient utilization of light and temperature resources. Higher planting density increased LAI but also accelerated leaf senescence and reduced SPAD values in later stages due to mutual shading. Thus, optimizing planting density is essential to balance LAI expansion with light penetration to ensure sustained photosynthesis.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTillering and panicle formation are critical for yield determination [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e]. Super-high-yielding varieties exhibited higher percentage of productive tiller (SY1\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;YY1540\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;YY15\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;YY17), contributing to their superior yield potential. Their peak seedling stage occurred later, with higher peak seedling numbers and greater percentage of productive tiller. Effective tiller management through optimized fertilization and water control is essential to minimize ineffective tillers and enhance percentage of productive tiller [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e]. While increased planting density promoted tiller formation, it also intensified nutrient competition and shading, reducing spike conversion efficiency. Strategies such as controlled irrigation and timely nutrient adjustments are necessary to optimize tiller productivity. Plant height and leaf morphology influence photosynthetic efficiency and lodging resistance. Excessively short plants may limit biomass production, while overly tall plants are prone to lodging [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e]. Super-high-yielding varieties exhibited shorter plant height but achieved higher yields, likely due to improved light utilization and dry matter allocation. Leaf morphology variations were primarily genetic, warranting further investigation to establish optimal traits for super-high-yielding rice. Increased planting density reduced plant height due to competition for resources, in line with previous findings that wider spacing enhances leaf expansion and photosynthetic capacity [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePanicle traits including panicle length, primary and secondary branch numbers, and grain density, directly affect yield potential [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e]. A higher number of secondary branches increases spikelets per panicle, enhancing grain yield. Super-high-yielding varieties exhibited greater grain density across both years, indicating its importance in yield formation. However, increasing planting density reduced spikelets per panicle and grain density, likely due to suppressed panicle branching. These findings highlight the trade-off between planting density and panicle development, emphasizing the need for density optimization. Our study demonstrated that increased planting density enhanced \u003cem\u003eindica-japonica\u003c/em\u003e hybrid rice yield by improving sink capacity. However, excessive density led to stronger competition for resources, potentially limiting yield gains. Unlike some previous studies that reported yield reductions with increased density [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e], our results suggest that the planting densities tested in this study may remain within the optimal range for \u003cem\u003eindica-japonica\u003c/em\u003e hybrid rice. Future research should explore the upper limit of optimal planting density for super-high-yielding varieties. Based on our findings, we propose key population parameters as diagnostic indicators for super-high-yielding rice cultivation (Table\u0026nbsp;7). Moreover, the path analysis-derived equation linking population characteristics (\u003cem\u003ex\u003c/em\u003e) of \u003cem\u003eindica-japonica\u003c/em\u003e hybrid rice to yield (\u003cem\u003ey\u003c/em\u003e) provides a theoretical framework for high-yield cultivation strategies. By implementing targeted agronomic practices to optimize these parameters according to the equation, super-high-yielding in rice production can be effectively achieved.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"5 Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn this study, compared with high-yielding \u003cem\u003eindica-japonica\u003c/em\u003e hybrid rice, super-high-yielding \u003cem\u003eindica-japonica\u003c/em\u003e hybrid rice exhibited larger sink capacity, higher harvest index, and higher productive tiller percentage. However, population characteristics such as the top three leaves and panicle patterns require further exploration. Increasing planting density of super-high-yielding \u003cem\u003eindica-japonica\u003c/em\u003e hybrid rice enhanced basic seedling numbers and leaf area index, and increased panicle numbers through higher basic seedling counts. This led to increased dry matter accumulation, total spikelets, and yield. However, it also resulted in higher ineffective tiller numbers, reduced productive tiller percentage rate, and smaller plant spacing, which hindered ventilation and light transmission. Lower leaves struggled to intercept light energy, leading to accelerated leaf area reduction during the reproductive stage and lower flag leaf SPAD values. Plant growth was restricted, with shorter plant heights and smaller top three leaf lengths, widths, and angles, increasing lodging risk. Panicle development was also limited, with shorter panicle lengths, fewer branch pedicels, and reduced seed-setting rate, 1000-grain weight, and spikelets per panicle. Despite these limitations, the larger total spikelet number compensated for the yield gap, achieving the goal of increased yield.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionList\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eYY15\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYongyou 15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eYY17\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYongyou 17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eYY1540\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYongyou 1540\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eSY1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShuyou 1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eLAI\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeaf area index.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting Interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis work received financial support from the National Key R\u0026amp;D Program of China (2024YFD2300301), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32472223, 31901447), the Project Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions and the Blue Project of Yangzhou University.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u0026apos; contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKailiang Mi:\u003c/strong\u003e Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing - original draft, Writing - review and editing, Funding acquisition, Project administration.\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Yiyin Lu:\u003c/strong\u003e Investigation, Formal analysis, Data curation. \u003cstrong\u003eMuyan Zhang:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eData curation, Methodology, Software. \u003cstrong\u003eFangfu Xu:\u003c/strong\u003e Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing - original draft. \u003cstrong\u003eYanju Yang:\u003c/strong\u003e Investigation, Data curation. \u003cstrong\u003eHaipeng Zhang:\u003c/strong\u003e Funding acquisition, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing - review and editing. \u003cstrong\u003eHongcheng Zhang\u003c/strong\u003e: Investigation, Data curation, Formal analysis, Supervision.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eStuart AM, Pam ARP, Silva JV, Dikitanan RC, Rutsaert P, Malabayabas AJB, Lampayan RM, Radanielson AM, Singleton GR. Yield gaps in rice-based farming systems: Insights from local studies and prospects for future analysis. Field Crops Res. 2016;194:43\u0026ndash;56. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2016.04.039\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.fcr.2016.04.039\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZhang JW, Li WW, Zhou Y, Ding YF, Xu L, Jiang Y, Li GH. Long-term straw incorporation increases rice yield stability under high fertilization level conditions in the rice-wheat system. Crop J. 2021;9:1191\u0026ndash;7. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2020.11.007\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.cj.2020.11.007\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eYuan S, Stuart AM, Laborte AG, Edreira JIR, Dobermann A, Kien LVN, Thuy LT, Paothong K, Traesang P, Tint KM, San SS, Villafuerte MQ, Quicho ED, Pame ARP, Then R, Flor RJ, Thon N, Agus F, Agustiani N, Deng NY, Li T, Grassini P. Southeast Asia must narrow down the yield gap to continue to be a major rice bowl. Nat Food. 2022;3:217\u0026ndash;26. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-022-00477-z\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1038/s43016-022-00477-z\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eYu YQ, Huang Y, Zhang W. Changes in rice yields in China since 1980 associated with cultivar improvement, climate and crop management. Field Crops Res. 2012;136:65\u0026ndash;75. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2012.07.021\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.fcr.2012.07.021\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGou YJ, Heng YQ, Ding WY, Xu CH, Tan QS, Li YJ, Fang YD, Li XQ, Zhou DG, Zhu XY, Zhang MY, Ye RJ, Wang HY, Shen RX. Natural variation in \u003cem\u003eOsMYB8\u003c/em\u003e confers diurnal floret opening time divergence between \u003cem\u003eindica\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003ejaponica\u003c/em\u003e subspecies. Nat Commun. 2024;15:2262. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-46579-z\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1038/s41467-024-46579-z\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGuo CC, Yuan XJ, Wen YF, Yang YG, Ma YM, Yan FJ, Li B, Wang ZL, Xing MW, Zhang RP, Yang ZY, Ma J, Sun YJ. Common population characteristics of direct-seeded hybrid \u003cem\u003eindica\u003c/em\u003e rice for high yield. Agron J. 2023;115:1606\u0026ndash;21. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.21359\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1002/agj2.21359\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eYang ZY, Li N, Ma J, Sun YJ, Xu H. High-yielding traits of heavy panicle varieties under triangle planting geometry: A new plant spatial configuration for hybrid rice in China. Field Crops Res. 2014;168:135\u0026ndash;47. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2014.07.017\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.fcr.2014.07.017\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTang L, Xu ZJ, Chen WF. Advances and prospects of super rice breeding in China. J Integr Agr. 2017;16:984\u0026ndash;91. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61604-0\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/S2095-3119(16)61604-0\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLi M, Zhu DW, Jiang MJ, Luo DQ, Jiang XH, Ji GM, Li LJ, Zhou WJ. Dry matter production and panicle characteristics of high yield and good taste \u003cem\u003eindica\u003c/em\u003e hybrid rice varieties. J Integr Agr. 2023;22:1338\u0026ndash;50. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.033\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.033\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWang DY, Li XY, Ye C, Xu CM, Chen S, Chu G, Zhang YB, Zhang XF. Geographic variation in the yield formation of single-season high-yielding hybrid rice in southern China. J Integr Agr. 2021;20:438\u0026ndash;49. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63360-3\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/S2095-3119(20)63360-3\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLiu K, Chen Y, Huang J, Qiu YY, Li SY, Zhuo XX, Yu F, Gao J, Li GM, Zhang WY, Zhang H, Gu JF, Liu LJ, Yang JC. Spikelet differentiation and degeneration in rice varieties with different panicle sizes. Food Energy Secur. 2022;11:e320. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1002/fes3.320\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1002/fes3.320\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChang SQ, Chang TG, Song QF, Zhu XG, Deng QY. Photosynthetic and agronomic traits of an elite hybrid rice Y-Liang-You 900 with a record-high yield. Field Crops Res. 2016;187:49\u0026ndash;57. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2015.10.011\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.fcr.2015.10.011\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCui JY, Nishide N, Mashiguchi K, Kuroha K, Miya M, Sugimoto K, Itoh JI, Yamaguchi S, Izawa T. Fertilization controls tiller numbers via transcriptional regulation of a \u003cem\u003eMAX1\u003c/em\u003e-like gene in rice cultivation. Nat Commun. 2023;14:3191. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-38670-8\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1038/s41467-023-38670-8\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eYan J, Yu J, Tao GC, Vos J, Bauman BAM, Xie GH, Meinke H. Yield formation and tillering dynamics of direct-seeded rice in flooded and nonflooded soils in the Huai River Basin of China. Field Crops Res. 2010;116:252\u0026ndash;9. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2010.01.002\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.fcr.2010.01.002\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZhu GL, Wu H, Chen YT, Mondal S, Ismail AM. Growth characteristics and yield of contrasting rice genotypes under long-term stagnant flooding. Field Crops Res. 2023;301:109020. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2023.109020\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.fcr.2023.109020\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLu B, Li ZY, Yang F, Xu CS, Tang XN, Zhang JW, Ding C, Xu DZ, Zhu GF, Zhang J, Li WW, Qian HY, Jiang Y, Liu ZH, Ding YF, Li GH. Nitrogen application increased yield sensitivity of indica hybrid rice to climate resource. Eur J Agron. 2024;159:127257. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2024.127257\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.eja.2024.127257\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDeng F, He LH, Chen D, Zhang C, Tian QL, Wu ZY, Li QP, Zeng YL, Zhong XY, Zhong XY, Chen H, Wang L, Ren WJ. Growth characteristics and grain yield of machine-transplanted medium \u003cem\u003eindica\u003c/em\u003e hybrid rice with high daily yield. J Integr Agr. 2022;21:2547\u0026ndash;25558. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.030\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.jia.2022.07.030\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWei HH, Meng TY, Li C, Xu K, Huo ZY, Wei HY, Guo BW, Zhang HC, Dai QG. Comparisons of grain yield and nutrient accumulation and translocation in high-yielding japonica/indica hybrids, indica hybrids, and japonica conventional varieties. Field Crops Res. 2017;204:101\u0026ndash;9. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.01.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.fcr.2017.01.001\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHuang M, Chen JN, Cao FB, Zou YB. Increased hill density can compensate for yield loss from reduced nitrogen input in machine-transplanted double-cropped rice. Field Crops Res. 2018;221:333\u0026ndash;8. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.06.028\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.fcr.2017.06.028\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLi XY, Li Z, Xie Y, Wang B, Kuai J, Zhou GS. An improvement in oilseed rape (\u003cem\u003eBrassica napus\u003c/em\u003e L.) productivity through optimization of rice-straw quantity and plant density. Field Crops Res. 2021;273:108290. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108290\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108290\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMiao SH, Wang XD, Song Y, Zhang Y, Li XB, Che WK, Piao JL, Xie LM, Jin F. Optimal agronomic measures combined with biochar increased rice yield through enhancing nitrogen use efficiency in soda saline-alkali fields. Eur J Agron. 2024;161:127365. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2024.127365\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.eja.2024.127365\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGao P, Chen FF, Liu HT, Fan SJ, Zeng JR, Diao X, Liu Y, Song WC, Wang SF, Li J, Zhu XB, Tu B, Chen WL, Li T, Wang YP, Ma BT, Li SG, Yuan H, Yuan H. \u003cem\u003eqGW11a\u003c/em\u003e/\u003cem\u003eOsCAT8\u003c/em\u003e, encoding an amino acid permease, negatively regulates grain size and weight in rice. Crop J. 2024;12:1150\u0026ndash;8. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2024.07.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.cj.2024.07.001\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eUeda T, Taniguchi Y, Adachi S, Shenton M, Hori K, Tanaka J. Gene Pyramiding Strategies for Sink Size and Source Capacity for High-Yield \u003cem\u003eJaponica\u003c/em\u003e Rice Breeding. Rice. 2025;18:6. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-025-00756-w\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1186/s12284-025-00756-w\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFei LW, Pan YH, Ma HL, Guo RJ, Wang M, Ling N, Shen QR, Guo SW. Optimal organic-inorganic fertilization increases rice yield through source-sink balance during grain filling. Field Crops Res. 2024;308:109285. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109285\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109285\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePan YH, Guo JJ, Fan LY, Ji Y, Liu Z, Wang F, Pu ZX, Ling N, Shen QR, Guo SW. The source-sink balance during the grain filling period facilitates rice production under organic fertilizer substitution. Eur J Agron. 2022;135:126468. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2022.126468\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.eja.2022.126468\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWang Y, Pang YL, Chen K, Zhai LY, Shen CC, Wang S, Xu JL. Genetic bases of source-, sink-, and yield-related traits revealed by genome-wide association study in \u003cem\u003eXian\u003c/em\u003e rice. Crop J. 2020;8:119\u0026ndash;31. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2019.05.001\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.cj.2019.05.001\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eYe M, Wang ZY, Wu M, Li HY, Gu JF, Yang JC, Zhang H, Zhang ZJ. Optimized leaf anatomy improves photosynthetic producing capacity of mid-season indica rice in the Yangtze River Basin during the genetic improvement. Eur J Agron. 2024;158:127196. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2024.127196\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.eja.2024.127196\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZhang H, Chen TT, Liu LJ, Wang ZQ, Yang JC, Zhang JH. Performance in Grain Yield and Physiological Traits of Rice in the Yangtze River Basin of China During the Last 60 year. J Integr Agr. 2013;12:57\u0026ndash;66. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60205-1\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/S2095-3119(13)60205-1\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZhang H, Hou DP, Peng XL, Ma BJ, Shao SM, Jing WJ, Gu JF, Liu LJ, Wang ZQ, Liu YY, Yang JC. Optimizing integrative cultivation management improves grain quality while increasing yield and nitrogen use efficiency in rice. J Integr Agr. 2019;18:2716\u0026ndash;31. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62836-4\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62836-4\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHuang M, Shan SL, Xie XB, Cao FB, Zou YB. Why high grain yield can be achieved in single seedling machine-transplanted hybrid rice under dense planting conditions? J Integr Agr. 2018;17:1229\u0026ndash;306. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61771-4\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61771-4\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSingh YP, Mishra VK, Gupta RK. Optimizing Seedling Number and Hill Spacing: A Way Forward to Harness Productivity Potential of Salt-Tolerant Rice Cultivars in Salt-Affected Soils. Agr Res. 2020;9:77\u0026ndash;84. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1007/s40003-019-00405-x\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1007/s40003-019-00405-x\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDwivedi SK, Kumar S, Natividad MA, Quintana MR, Chinnusamy V, Henry A. Disentangling the Roles of Plant Water Status and Stem Carbohydrate Remobilization on Rice Harvest Index Under Drought. Rice. 2023;16:14. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-023-00631-6\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1186/s12284-023-00631-6\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDuan MY, Luo HW, Pan SG, Mo ZW, Yang XJ, Tian JY, Nie J, Wang HX, Li L, Tang XR. High transplant density cause loss yield and quality decrement by affecting photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation and transportation in super rice. Appl Ecol Env Res. 2019;17:6069\u0026ndash;79. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1703_60696079\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.15666/aeer/1703_60696079\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMeng XS, Pan YH, Chai YX, Ji Y, Du HS, Huang J, Chen SX, Wang M, Guo SW. Higher light utilization and assimilate translocation efficiency produced greater grain yield in super hybrid rice. Plant Soil. 2024;504:528\u0026ndash;44. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-024-06639-1\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1007/s11104-024-06639-1\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWei HH, Geng XY, Zhu W, Zhang X, Zhang XB, Chen YL, Huo ZY, Xu K, Zhou GS, Meng TY, Dai QG. Individual and combined influences of salinity and drought stress on the agro-physiological traits and grain yield of rice. Field Crops Res. 2023;3044:109172. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2023.109172\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.fcr.2023.109172\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTian JY, Li SP, Cheng S, Liu QY, Zhou L, Tao Y, Xing ZP, Hu YJ, Guo BW, Wei HY, Zhang HC. Increasing the appropriate seedling density for higher yield in dry direct-seeded rice sown by a multifunctional seeder after wheat-straw return. J Integr Agr. 2023;22:400\u0026ndash;16. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.064\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.jia.2022.08.064\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFang ZM, Ji YY, Hu J, Guo RK, Sun SY, Wang XL. Strigolactones and Brassinosteroids Antagonistically Regulate the Stability of the D53-OsBZR1 Complex to Determine \u003cem\u003eFC1\u003c/em\u003e Expression in Rice Tillering. Mol Plant. 2020;13:586\u0026ndash;97. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.molp.2019.12.005\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.molp.2019.12.005\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLiu ZL, Meng JR, Sun ZF, Su JK, Luo XY, Song JM, Li PF, Sun YK, Yu CL, Peng XL. Zinc application after low temperature stress promoted rice tillers recovery: Aspects of nutrient absorption and plant hormone regulation. Plant Sci. 2022;314:111104. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111104\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111104\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZhang YX, Yu CS, Lin JZ, Liu J, Liu B, Wang J, Huang AB, Li HY, Zhao T. \u003cem\u003eOsMPH1\u003c/em\u003e regulates plant height and improves grain yield in rice. PLoS ONE. 2017;12:e0180825. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180825\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1371/journal.pone.0180825\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLi ZZ, Deng F, Zhu L, Tang L, Zhou T, Lu H, Xia HX, Zhong XY, Wang L, Tao YF, Zhou W, Lei XL, Chen Y, Hu JF, Ren WJ. Fewer hills with more seedlings improved lodging resistance of whole hill and yield stability of machine-transplanted rice. Agron J. 2023;115:620\u0026ndash;364. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.21302\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1002/agj2.21302\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eYang Y, Zhang Y, Li J, Xu P, Wu ZJ, Deng XN, Pu QH, Lv YG, Elgamal WHAS, Maniruzzaman S, Deng W, Zhou JW. hree QTL from \u003cem\u003eOryza meridionalis\u003c/em\u003e Could Improve Panicle Architecture in Asian Cultivated Rice. Rice. 2023;16:22. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-023-00640-5\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1186/s12284-023-00640-5\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDeng F, Li B, Yuan YJ, He CY, Zhou X, Li QP, Zhu YY, Huang XF, He YX, Ai XF, Tao YF, Zhou W, Wang L, Cheng H, Chen Y, Wang MT, Ren WJ. Increasing the number of seedlings per hill with reduced number of hills improves rice grain quality by optimizing canopy structure and light utilization under shading stress. Field Crops Res. 2022;287:108668. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108668\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108668\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1\u003c/strong\u003e Main fertility periods of different \u003cem\u003eindica-japonica\u003c/em\u003e rice hybrids\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYear\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariety\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eJointing\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeading\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMaturity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2022\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYY15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYY17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYY1540\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSY1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2023\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYY15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYY17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYY1540\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSY1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote: YY15: Yongyou 15, YY17, Yongyou 17, YY1540: Yongyou 1540, SY1: Shuyou 1.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2\u003c/strong\u003e Effect of planting density on yield and components of \u003cem\u003eindica-japonica\u003c/em\u003e hybrid rice\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"812\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYear\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariety\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTreatment\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePanicles\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u0026times;10\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e hm\u003csup\u003e-2\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal spikelets\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(\u0026times;10\u003csup\u003e5\u003c/sup\u003e hm\u003csup\u003e-2\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1000-grain weight\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(g)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSeed-setting rate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYield\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(t hm\u003csup\u003e-2\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"16\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2022\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYY15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e194.44\u0026plusmn;3.78c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5307.93\u0026plusmn;105.41c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.64\u0026plusmn;0.11a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e89.62\u0026plusmn;0.54a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.96\u0026plusmn;0.27b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e213.45\u0026plusmn;2.02b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5581.13\u0026plusmn;44.30b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.49\u0026plusmn;0.11a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88.58\u0026plusmn;0.31b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.34\u0026plusmn;0.13ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e230.56\u0026plusmn;2.27a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5851.27\u0026plusmn;32.93a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.40\u0026plusmn;0.06a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88.06\u0026plusmn;0.29b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.55\u0026plusmn;0.08a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e212.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5580.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYY17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e222.73\u0026plusmn;3.27c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5355.60\u0026plusmn;55.66c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.58\u0026plusmn;0.07a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90.50\u0026plusmn;0.53a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.71\u0026plusmn;0.11b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e245.14\u0026plusmn;1.97b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5811.35\u0026plusmn;66.37b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.53\u0026plusmn;0.04a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e89.26\u0026plusmn;0.63ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.98\u0026plusmn;0.14b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e263.89\u0026plusmn;2.27a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6045.50\u0026plusmn;79.85a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.45\u0026plusmn;0.07a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88.68\u0026plusmn;0.58b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.36\u0026plusmn;0.17a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e243.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5737.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e89.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYY1540\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e239.39\u0026plusmn;5.67c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6509.66\u0026plusmn;53.56c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.42\u0026plusmn;0.10a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e87.61\u0026plusmn;0.20a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.43\u0026plusmn;0.12b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e260.42\u0026plusmn;6.81b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6910.86\u0026plusmn;148.03b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.23\u0026plusmn;0.22a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86.34\u0026plusmn;0.24b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.80\u0026plusmn;0.19b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e287.04\u0026plusmn;6.93a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7420.01\u0026plusmn;136.05a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.13\u0026plusmn;0.03a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86.01\u0026plusmn;0.18b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.67\u0026plusmn;0.19a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e262.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6946.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSY1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e209.09\u0026plusmn;3.27c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6105.13\u0026plusmn;68.84c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.81\u0026plusmn;0.09a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86.38\u0026plusmn;0.11a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.42\u0026plusmn;0.14c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e223.61\u0026plusmn;2.60b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6425.01\u0026plusmn;66.41b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.64\u0026plusmn;0.14a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86.11\u0026plusmn;0.05b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.72\u0026plusmn;0.11b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e241.67\u0026plusmn;2.27a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6811.02\u0026plusmn;35.15a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.42\u0026plusmn;0.33a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85.85\u0026plusmn;0.06c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.05\u0026plusmn;0.06a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e224.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6447.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"16\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2023\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYY15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e204.04\u0026plusmn;3.78c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5651.09\u0026plusmn;31.43c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.35\u0026plusmn;0.17a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e93.31\u0026plusmn;0.11a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.92\u0026plusmn;0.12b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e222.22\u0026plusmn;2.60b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6041.23\u0026plusmn;81.23b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.14\u0026plusmn;0.10a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e92.99\u0026plusmn;0.34a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.49\u0026plusmn;0.10a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e235.19\u0026plusmn;3.46a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6252.23\u0026plusmn;73.02a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.10\u0026plusmn;0.02a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e92.70\u0026plusmn;0.25a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.69\u0026plusmn;0.10a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e220.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5981.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e93.00\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYY17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e233.84\u0026plusmn;1.89c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5746.07\u0026plusmn;76.13c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.97\u0026plusmn;0.12a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90.76\u0026plusmn;0.30a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.41\u0026plusmn;0.12b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e248.61\u0026plusmn;2.60b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5938.02\u0026plusmn;28.69b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.84\u0026plusmn;0.11a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90.50\u0026plusmn;0.22ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.64\u0026plusmn;0.10b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e265.28\u0026plusmn;1.13a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6226.48\u0026plusmn;28.65a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.76\u0026plusmn;0.09a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90.10\u0026plusmn;0.24b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.25\u0026plusmn;0.08a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e249.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5970.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYY1540\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e245.45\u0026plusmn;5.39c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6809.42\u0026plusmn;108.23c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.52\u0026plusmn;0.11a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90.45\u0026plusmn;0.75a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.26\u0026plusmn;0.20c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e269.44\u0026plusmn;4.28b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7203.87\u0026plusmn;172.75b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.39\u0026plusmn;0.33a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e89.46\u0026plusmn;0.16ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.87\u0026plusmn;0.25b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e296.30\u0026plusmn;5.71a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7785.19\u0026plusmn;113.74a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.22\u0026plusmn;0.26a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88.47\u0026plusmn;0.23b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.77\u0026plusmn;0.05a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e270.40\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7266.16\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e89.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSY1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e213.13\u0026plusmn;1.89c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6468.69\u0026plusmn;68.20b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.23\u0026plusmn;0.09a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88.12\u0026plusmn;0.29a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.54\u0026plusmn;0.21b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e227.08\u0026plusmn;3.40b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6692.67\u0026plusmn;144.98b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.14\u0026plusmn;0.09a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e87.42\u0026plusmn;0.16b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.85\u0026plusmn;0.35ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e247.22\u0026plusmn;2.27a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7054.24\u0026plusmn;64.60a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.06\u0026plusmn;0.09a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e87.04\u0026plusmn;0.09b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.23\u0026plusmn;0.16a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 90px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e229.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6738.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e87.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 241px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYear (Y)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 241px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariety (V)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 241px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTreatment (T)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 241px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eY\u0026times;V\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 241px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eY\u0026times;T\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 241px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eV\u0026times;T\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 241px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eY\u0026times;V\u0026times;T\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 113px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 117px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference of 5% (results in different years were compared respectively), * and ** are significant difference at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively. Ns: no significant difference.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 3\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eEffect of planting density on plant height and top three leaf length and width of \u003cem\u003eindica-japonica\u003c/em\u003e hybrid rice\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"989\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 45px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYear\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariety\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTreatment\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePlant height\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(cm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 230px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFlag leaf\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 230px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSecond leaf from top\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 230px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Third leaf from top\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLeaf length\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(cm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLeaf width\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(cm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLeaf length\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(cm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLeaf width\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(cm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLeaf length\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(cm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLeaf width\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(cm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"16\" style=\"width: 45px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2022\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYY15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e164.50\u0026plusmn;1.47a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65.40\u0026plusmn;1.64a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.50\u0026plusmn;0.08a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78.67\u0026plusmn;1.25a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.10\u0026plusmn;0.08a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79.00\u0026plusmn;0.41a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.97\u0026plusmn;0.12a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e162.90\u0026plusmn;1.37ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63.07\u0026plusmn;0.90ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.33\u0026plusmn;0.17a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76.33\u0026plusmn;1.70ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.03\u0026plusmn;0.05a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77.37\u0026plusmn;0.63b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.93\u0026plusmn;0.12a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e160.33\u0026plusmn;0.85b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.17\u0026plusmn;0.62b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.27\u0026plusmn;0.05a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74.17\u0026plusmn;0.85b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.93\u0026plusmn;0.17a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75.23\u0026plusmn;0.76c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.77\u0026plusmn;0.09a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e162.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYY17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e159.67\u0026plusmn;1.60a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68.13\u0026plusmn;0.74a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.57\u0026plusmn;0.12a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75.30\u0026plusmn;0.93a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.30\u0026plusmn;0.08a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77.97\u0026plusmn;0.26a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.07\u0026plusmn;0.12a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e157.40\u0026plusmn;2.21ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65.17\u0026plusmn;1.03b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.53\u0026plusmn;0.05a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74.17\u0026plusmn;0.62a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.10\u0026plusmn;0.22a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76.57\u0026plusmn;1.31a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.87\u0026plusmn;0.21a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e155.13\u0026plusmn;0.82b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63.70\u0026plusmn;1.20b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.40\u0026plusmn;0.16a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72.9\u0026plusmn;1.04b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.03\u0026plusmn;0.12a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73.47\u0026plusmn;0.52b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.73\u0026plusmn;0.05a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e157.40\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67.57\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.50\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74.12\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.14\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.89\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYY1540\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e146.63\u0026plusmn;1.56a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52.00\u0026plusmn;1.08a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.00\u0026plusmn;0.16a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.40\u0026plusmn;2.21a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.83\u0026plusmn;0.17a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61.33\u0026plusmn;2.87a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.87\u0026plusmn;0.05a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e143.30\u0026plusmn;1.56ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.73\u0026plusmn;1.23a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.83\u0026plusmn;0.05ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.53\u0026plusmn;1.43a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.67\u0026plusmn;0.09a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59.27\u0026plusmn;2.07a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.70\u0026plusmn;0.08ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e141.67\u0026plusmn;1.25b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49.33\u0026plusmn;1.03a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.60\u0026plusmn;0.08b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56.97\u0026plusmn;0.87a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.53\u0026plusmn;0.09a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.70\u0026plusmn;0.22a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.67\u0026plusmn;0.09b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e143.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSY1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e124.17\u0026plusmn;3.12a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.20\u0026plusmn;1.07a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.93\u0026plusmn;0.09a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.00\u0026plusmn;1.80a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.27\u0026plusmn;0.17a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.73\u0026plusmn;0.46a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.90\u0026plusmn;0.14a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e122.33\u0026plusmn;0.85a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.83\u0026plusmn;0.62b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.80\u0026plusmn;0.16a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.03\u0026plusmn;0.86a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.13\u0026plusmn;0.09a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56.83\u0026plusmn;1.18a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.70\u0026plusmn;0.22a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e121.33\u0026plusmn;1.84a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.47\u0026plusmn;0.45b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.77\u0026plusmn;0.21a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.60\u0026plusmn;0.70a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.00\u0026plusmn;0.22a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56.03\u0026plusmn;0.38a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.67\u0026plusmn;0.12a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e122.61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"16\" style=\"width: 45px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2023\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYY15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e164.33\u0026plusmn;3.12a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65.33\u0026plusmn;1.03a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.63\u0026plusmn;0.26a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78.00\u0026plusmn;0.82a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.30\u0026plusmn;0.22a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79.30\u0026plusmn;1.20a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.00\u0026plusmn;0.08a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e162.93\u0026plusmn;1.05a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.17\u0026plusmn;0.24ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.50\u0026plusmn;0.08a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75.07\u0026plusmn;0.90b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.13\u0026plusmn;0.05ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78.23\u0026plusmn;1.76ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.90\u0026plusmn;0.08a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e161.73\u0026plusmn;0.90a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.63\u0026plusmn;1.10b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.27\u0026plusmn;0.12a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e73.67\u0026plusmn;0.62b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.90\u0026plusmn;0.08b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75.33\u0026plusmn;1.25b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.83\u0026plusmn;0.05a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e163.00\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYY17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e159.23\u0026plusmn;0.71a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67.50\u0026plusmn;1.47a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.50\u0026plusmn;0.08a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74.53\u0026plusmn;0.69a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.13\u0026plusmn;0.12a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77.93\u0026plusmn;0.91a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.03\u0026plusmn;0.19a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e157.50\u0026plusmn;0.82ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66.83\u0026plusmn;0.85ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.47\u0026plusmn;0.05a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72.4\u0026plusmn;0.43ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.00\u0026plusmn;0.08a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74.07\u0026plusmn;1.37b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.87\u0026plusmn;0.05a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e155.63\u0026plusmn;1.14b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.13\u0026plusmn;0.97b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.37\u0026plusmn;0.05a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70.97\u0026plusmn;1.47b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.93\u0026plusmn;0.05a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72.43\u0026plusmn;0.95b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.80\u0026plusmn;0.08a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e157.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.90\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYY1540\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e145.57\u0026plusmn;2.08a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.20\u0026plusmn;1.07a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.90\u0026plusmn;0.14a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.70\u0026plusmn;1.20a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.17\u0026plusmn;0.05a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.73\u0026plusmn;0.52a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.03\u0026plusmn;0.17a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e143.70\u0026plusmn;1.84ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.33\u0026plusmn;0.47b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.67\u0026plusmn;0.09ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56.33\u0026plusmn;1.70ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.97\u0026plusmn;0.05ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.17\u0026plusmn;0.85a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.78\u0026plusmn;0.02ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e141.17\u0026plusmn;0.54b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50.27\u0026plusmn;0.45b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.57\u0026plusmn;0.05b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.10\u0026plusmn;0.94b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.90\u0026plusmn;0.14b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.47\u0026plusmn;1.04a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.60\u0026plusmn;0.08b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e143.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSY1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e123.17\u0026plusmn;1.03a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.83\u0026plusmn;1.25a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.87\u0026plusmn;0.09a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.73\u0026plusmn;0.33a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.40\u0026plusmn;0.08a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.33\u0026plusmn;0.47a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.97\u0026plusmn;0.12a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e121.50\u0026plusmn;0.41ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.27\u0026plusmn;1.11ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.73\u0026plusmn;0.09a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.50\u0026plusmn;1.78a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.33\u0026plusmn;0.12a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.00\u0026plusmn;0.82ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.90\u0026plusmn;0.22a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e120.33\u0026plusmn;0.85b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.23\u0026plusmn;0.76b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.70\u0026plusmn;0.08a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.03\u0026plusmn;0.41a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.30\u0026plusmn;0.22a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56.50\u0026plusmn;0.41b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.87\u0026plusmn;0.25a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e121.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 179px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYear (Y)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 179px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariety (V)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 179px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTreatment (T)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 179px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eY\u0026times;V\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 179px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eY\u0026times;T\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 179px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eV\u0026times;T\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 179px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eY\u0026times;V\u0026times;T\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 119px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 115px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference of 5% (results in different years were compared respectively), * and ** are significant difference at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively. Ns: no significant difference.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 4\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eEffect of planting density on the angle of top three leaf of \u003cem\u003eindica-japonica\u003c/em\u003e hybrid rice\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"1002\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e \u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003eYear\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariety\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTreatment\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 276px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFlag leaf\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 275px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSecond leaf from top\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 274px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThird leaf from top\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLeaf base\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eangle (\u0026ordm;)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLeaf opening angle (\u0026ordm;)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLeaf drooping angle (\u0026ordm;)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLeaf base\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eangle (\u0026ordm;)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLeaf opening angle (\u0026ordm;)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLeaf drooping angle (\u0026ordm;)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLeaf base\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eangle (\u0026ordm;)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLeaf opening angle (\u0026ordm;)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLeaf drooping angle (\u0026ordm;)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"16\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2022\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYY15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.03\u0026plusmn;0.70a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.63\u0026plusmn;0.42a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.60\u0026plusmn;0.36a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.13\u0026plusmn;0.74a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.93\u0026plusmn;1.06a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.80\u0026plusmn;1.57a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.27\u0026plusmn;0.38a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.83\u0026plusmn;0.45a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.57\u0026plusmn;0.39a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.97\u0026plusmn;0.74a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.50\u0026plusmn;0.99ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.53\u0026plusmn;1.32a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.00\u0026plusmn;0.78a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.60\u0026plusmn;0.36ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.60\u0026plusmn;1.10a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.30\u0026plusmn;0.43b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.27\u0026plusmn;0.21b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.97\u0026plusmn;0.42ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.13\u0026plusmn;0.29a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.37\u0026plusmn;0.19b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.23\u0026plusmn;0.46a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.43\u0026plusmn;0.33a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.00\u0026plusmn;0.16b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.57\u0026plusmn;0.37a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.87\u0026plusmn;0.29b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.27\u0026plusmn;0.45c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.40\u0026plusmn;0.29b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYY17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.73\u0026plusmn;0.52a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.40\u0026plusmn;0.54a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.67\u0026plusmn;0.85a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.57\u0026plusmn;0.46a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.87\u0026plusmn;0.47a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.30\u0026plusmn;0.36a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.33\u0026plusmn;1.20a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.70\u0026plusmn;1.07a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.37\u0026plusmn;1.13a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.63\u0026plusmn;0.42a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.03\u0026plusmn;0.83a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.40\u0026plusmn;1.14a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.13\u0026plusmn;0.66b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.90\u0026plusmn;0.70b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.77\u0026plusmn;0.37a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.43\u0026plusmn;0.88a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.27\u0026plusmn;0.71ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.83\u0026plusmn;0.38a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.33\u0026plusmn;0.26a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.70\u0026plusmn;0.37a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.37\u0026plusmn;0.62a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.90\u0026plusmn;0.22b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.43\u0026plusmn;0.26c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.53\u0026plusmn;0.17b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.27\u0026plusmn;0.98a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.23\u0026plusmn;0.66b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.97\u0026plusmn;1.63a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYY1540\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.57\u0026plusmn;0.34a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.63\u0026plusmn;0.50a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.07\u0026plusmn;0.62a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.93\u0026plusmn;0.12a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.03\u0026plusmn;0.70a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.10\u0026plusmn;0.65a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.87\u0026plusmn;0.34a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.57\u0026plusmn;0.96a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.70\u0026plusmn;0.98a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.77\u0026plusmn;0.4ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.60\u0026plusmn;0.85ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.83\u0026plusmn;1.08a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.57\u0026plusmn;0.34b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.63\u0026plusmn;0.45b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.07\u0026plusmn;0.12a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.20\u0026plusmn;0.08b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.73\u0026plusmn;0.41b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.53\u0026plusmn;0.37a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.33\u0026plusmn;0.34b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.20\u0026plusmn;0.29b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.87\u0026plusmn;0.61a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.30\u0026plusmn;0.45b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.93\u0026plusmn;0.52b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.63\u0026plusmn;0.40a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.10\u0026plusmn;0.75b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.90\u0026plusmn;0.28b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.80\u0026plusmn;0.49a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.87\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSY1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.30\u0026plusmn;0.08a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.70\u0026plusmn;0.50a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.40\u0026plusmn;0.57a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.17\u0026plusmn;0.25a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.33\u0026plusmn;0.09a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.17\u0026plusmn;0.25a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.27\u0026plusmn;0.90a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.97\u0026plusmn;0.82a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.70\u0026plusmn;0.82a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.80\u0026plusmn;0.37a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.50\u0026plusmn;0.94ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.70\u0026plusmn;0.78a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.50\u0026plusmn;0.33b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.23\u0026plusmn;0.78ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.73\u0026plusmn;0.97a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.13\u0026plusmn;0.78ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.60\u0026plusmn;0.50b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.47\u0026plusmn;1.21a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.60\u0026plusmn;0.29a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.93\u0026plusmn;0.54b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.33\u0026plusmn;0.31a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.17\u0026plusmn;0.12b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.47\u0026plusmn;0.29b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.30\u0026plusmn;0.28a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.40\u0026plusmn;0.37b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.50\u0026plusmn;0.54b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.10\u0026plusmn;0.90a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"16\" style=\"width: 42px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2023\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYY15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.20\u0026plusmn;0.36a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.07\u0026plusmn;0.12a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.87\u0026plusmn;0.34a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.83\u0026plusmn;0.29a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.87\u0026plusmn;0.88a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.03\u0026plusmn;1.11a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.00\u0026plusmn;0.22a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.17\u0026plusmn;0.25a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.17\u0026plusmn;0.12a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.87\u0026plusmn;0.56a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.07\u0026plusmn;0.12ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.20\u0026plusmn;0.64a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.47\u0026plusmn;0.31b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.70\u0026plusmn;0.43b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.23\u0026plusmn;0.74a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.70\u0026plusmn;0.16a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.40\u0026plusmn;0.28b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.70\u0026plusmn;0.43a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.47\u0026plusmn;0.52a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.23\u0026plusmn;0.74b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.77\u0026plusmn;0.34a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.20\u0026plusmn;0.29b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.03\u0026plusmn;0.17b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.83\u0026plusmn;0.12a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.83\u0026plusmn;0.45b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.30\u0026plusmn;0.22c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.47\u0026plusmn;0.62a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.84\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.37\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYY17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.47\u0026plusmn;0.59a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.80\u0026plusmn;0.42a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.33\u0026plusmn;0.56a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.70\u0026plusmn;0.78a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.77\u0026plusmn;0.61a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.07\u0026plusmn;0.39a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.80\u0026plusmn;0.79a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.37\u0026plusmn;0.60a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.57\u0026plusmn;1.07a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.87\u0026plusmn;0.26ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.03\u0026plusmn;0.12a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.17\u0026plusmn;0.25a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.07\u0026plusmn;0.82a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.50\u0026plusmn;0.42ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.43\u0026plusmn;0.88a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.43\u0026plusmn;0.73a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.77\u0026plusmn;0.54b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.33\u0026plusmn;1.11a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.67\u0026plusmn;0.88b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.73\u0026plusmn;0.41b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.07\u0026plusmn;0.56a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.57\u0026plusmn;0.33a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.73\u0026plusmn;0.56b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.17\u0026plusmn;0.24a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.93\u0026plusmn;1.18a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.60\u0026plusmn;0.29b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.67\u0026plusmn;0.90a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYY1540\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.67\u0026plusmn;0.48a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.53\u0026plusmn;0.40a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.87\u0026plusmn;0.87a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.23\u0026plusmn;0.71a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.70\u0026plusmn;0.41a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.47\u0026plusmn;0.92a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.17\u0026plusmn;0.21a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.17\u0026plusmn;0.63a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.00\u0026plusmn;0.78a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.57\u0026plusmn;0.66a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.07\u0026plusmn;0.21a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.50\u0026plusmn;0.50a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.17\u0026plusmn;0.39a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.33\u0026plusmn;0.48ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.17\u0026plusmn;0.74a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.97\u0026plusmn;0.12a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.57\u0026plusmn;0.39a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.60\u0026plusmn;0.36a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.23\u0026plusmn;0.45a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.57\u0026plusmn;0.81a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.33\u0026plusmn;0.98a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.33\u0026plusmn;0.45a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.40\u0026plusmn;0.29b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.07\u0026plusmn;0.61a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.53\u0026plusmn;0.50a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.93\u0026plusmn;0.86a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.40\u0026plusmn;0.37a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.57\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 63px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSY1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.17\u0026plusmn;0.05a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.57\u0026plusmn;2.34a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.40\u0026plusmn;2.30a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.97\u0026plusmn;0.17a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.50\u0026plusmn;0.92a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.53\u0026plusmn;0.90a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.13\u0026plusmn;1.18a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.47\u0026plusmn;1.39a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.33\u0026plusmn;0.46a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.73\u0026plusmn;0.37a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.97\u0026plusmn;0.42a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.23\u0026plusmn;0.12a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.63\u0026plusmn;0.31a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.83\u0026plusmn;0.68a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.20\u0026plusmn;0.54a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.67\u0026plusmn;0.66a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.70\u0026plusmn;0.43ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.03\u0026plusmn;1.03ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.17\u0026plusmn;0.09b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.20\u0026plusmn;0.08a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.03\u0026plusmn;0.17a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.37\u0026plusmn;0.25a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.43\u0026plusmn;1.09a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.07\u0026plusmn;1.23a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.30\u0026plusmn;0.59a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.93\u0026plusmn;0.39b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.63\u0026plusmn;0.33b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 177px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYear (Y)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 177px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariety (V)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 177px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTreatment (T)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 177px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eY\u0026times;V\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 177px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eY\u0026times;T\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 177px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eV\u0026times;T\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 177px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eY\u0026times;V\u0026times;T\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 84px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 92px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 99px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 91px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 98px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference of 5% (results in different years were compared respectively), * and ** are significant difference at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively. Ns: no significant difference.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 5\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eEffect of planting density on panicle patterns of \u003cem\u003eindica-japonica\u003c/em\u003e hybrid rice\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"723\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYear\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariety\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTreatment\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePanicle length (cm)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe primary branch\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe secondary branch\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSpikelets per panicle\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGrain density (grain cm\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"16\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2022\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYY15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.60\u0026plusmn;0.27a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.21\u0026plusmn;0.48a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.19\u0026plusmn;1.92a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e273.00\u0026plusmn;3.06a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.10\u0026plusmn;0.19a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.46\u0026plusmn;0.08b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.44\u0026plusmn;0.22b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49.14\u0026plusmn;0.35b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e261.50\u0026plusmn;3.23b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.02\u0026plusmn;0.09a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.73\u0026plusmn;0.26c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.53\u0026plusmn;0.25c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.98\u0026plusmn;0.42b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e253.80\u0026plusmn;1.79c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.97\u0026plusmn;0.10a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e262.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.03\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYY17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.95\u0026plusmn;0.66a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.13\u0026plusmn;0.09a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.72\u0026plusmn;0.38a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e240.47\u0026plusmn;1.42a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.48\u0026plusmn;0.25a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.48\u0026plusmn;0.11b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.47\u0026plusmn;0.25b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.48\u0026plusmn;0.77b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e237.06\u0026plusmn;2.04a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.45\u0026plusmn;0.07a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.61\u0026plusmn;0.08b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.77\u0026plusmn;0.10c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.35\u0026plusmn;0.29c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e229.08\u0026plusmn;1.18b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.41\u0026plusmn;0.07a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e235.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.45\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYY1540\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.29\u0026plusmn;0.14a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.50\u0026plusmn;0.17a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.82\u0026plusmn;0.17a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e272.03\u0026plusmn;4.43a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.11\u0026plusmn;0.34a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.71\u0026plusmn;0.12b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.93\u0026plusmn;0.06b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.70\u0026plusmn;0.95b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e265.41\u0026plusmn;1.27ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.98\u0026plusmn;0.07a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.00\u0026plusmn;0.16c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.71\u0026plusmn;0.49c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.40\u0026plusmn;0.60c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e258.56\u0026plusmn;3.23b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.82\u0026plusmn;0.13a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e265.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.97\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSY1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.03\u0026plusmn;0.14a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.42\u0026plusmn;0.13a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.52\u0026plusmn;0.15a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e292.00\u0026plusmn;1.69a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.68\u0026plusmn;0.15a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.86\u0026plusmn;0.15b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.35\u0026plusmn;0.24b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.20\u0026plusmn;0.14b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e287.34\u0026plusmn;0.96b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.61\u0026plusmn;0.11a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.47\u0026plusmn;0.10c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.83\u0026plusmn;0.59c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45.32\u0026plusmn;0.91b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e281.85\u0026plusmn;1.20c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.50\u0026plusmn;0.07a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e287.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.60\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"16\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2023\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYY15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.34\u0026plusmn;0.22a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.76\u0026plusmn;0.14a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58.54\u0026plusmn;0.20a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e277.03\u0026plusmn;3.86a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.93\u0026plusmn;0.19a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.85\u0026plusmn;0.11b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.26\u0026plusmn;0.13b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52.53\u0026plusmn;0.37b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e271.85\u0026plusmn;1.00a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.85\u0026plusmn;0.09a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.30\u0026plusmn;0.10c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.97\u0026plusmn;0.03c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52.43\u0026plusmn;0.47b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e265.85\u0026plusmn;0.82b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.67\u0026plusmn;0.06a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e271.58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.82\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYY17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.90\u0026plusmn;0.03a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.02\u0026plusmn;0.06a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50.26\u0026plusmn;0.09a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e245.72\u0026plusmn;1.32a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.28\u0026plusmn;0.04a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.91\u0026plusmn;0.06b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.03\u0026plusmn;0.09b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.89\u0026plusmn;0.05b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e238.86\u0026plusmn;1.47b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.15\u0026plusmn;0.18a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.87\u0026plusmn;0.04c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.41\u0026plusmn;0.03c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.51\u0026plusmn;0.34c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e234.71\u0026plusmn;0.21c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.10\u0026plusmn;0.04a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e239.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.18\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYY1540\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.57\u0026plusmn;0.16a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.18\u0026plusmn;0.11a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.76\u0026plusmn;0.53a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e277.46\u0026plusmn;1.73a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.18\u0026plusmn;0.07a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.12\u0026plusmn;0.05b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.52\u0026plusmn;0.14b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43.57\u0026plusmn;1.28b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e267.33\u0026plusmn;2.58b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.98\u0026plusmn;0.12ab\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.69\u0026plusmn;0.12c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.23\u0026plusmn;0.38b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40.91\u0026plusmn;0.46c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e262.78\u0026plusmn;2.23b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.89\u0026plusmn;0.13b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e269.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.02\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"4\" style=\"width: 72px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSY1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.34\u0026plusmn;0.10a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.73\u0026plusmn;0.11a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.19\u0026plusmn;0.30a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e303.50\u0026plusmn;0.66a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.22\u0026plusmn;0.07a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.79\u0026plusmn;0.07b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.46\u0026plusmn;0.15b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49.95\u0026plusmn;0.25b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e294.69\u0026plusmn;1.97b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.17\u0026plusmn;0.14a\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.52\u0026plusmn;0.11c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.29\u0026plusmn;0.03c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.61\u0026plusmn;0.27c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e285.35\u0026plusmn;2.01c\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.90\u0026plusmn;0.06b\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 71px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e294.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.10\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 200px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYear (Y)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 200px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariety (V)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 200px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTreatment (T)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 200px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eY\u0026times;V\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 200px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eY\u0026times;T\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 200px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eV\u0026times;T\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 200px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eY\u0026times;V\u0026times;T\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 102px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 111px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 106px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote: Different lowercase letters in the same column indicate significant difference of 5% (results in different years were compared respectively), * and ** are significant difference at the 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively. NS: no significant difference.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 6\u003c/strong\u003e Path analysis of rice population dynamics on yield of \u003cem\u003eindica-japonica\u003c/em\u003e hybrid rice\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"913\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePath factor\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDirection\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"10\" style=\"width: 680px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIndirection\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026rarr;X\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026rarr;X\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026rarr;X\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026rarr;X\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026rarr;X\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026rarr;X\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026rarr;X\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026rarr;X\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026rarr;X\u003csub\u003e9\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eX\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6421\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2088\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.4277\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0036\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0188\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0122\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0002\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0018\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0009\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.4333\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eX\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9826\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8744\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.1021\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0003\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0033\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0230\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0153\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0001\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0011\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0010\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.1082\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eX\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2313\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0010\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0298\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2593\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0001\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0067\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0032\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0000\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0006\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0000\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2323\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eX\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8393\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0044\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.1717\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6601\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0000\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0259\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0166\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0002\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0018\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0011\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8437\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eX\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.8386\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0290\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.1358\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.6935\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0002\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0039\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0175\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0002\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0012\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0010\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.8097\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eX\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.8796\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0183\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.1391\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.7329\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0002\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0040\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0277\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0002\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0014\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0011\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.8979\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eX\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.4541\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0003\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.1394\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3102\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0030\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0170\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0111\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0009\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0009\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.4544\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eX\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3981\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0034\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.1103\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2836\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0002\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0023\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0102\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0077\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0001\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0005\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3947\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 103px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eX\u003csub\u003e9\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8028\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 70px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0013\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.1335\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.6644\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0000\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0036\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0210\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0149\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.0002\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0013\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 68px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8015\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNote: X\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e: Harvest index, X\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e:\u0026nbsp;Maturity stage dry matter weight, X\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e: Leaf area reduction rate, X\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e: Percentage of productive tiller, X\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e: Plant height, X\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e: Flag leaf length, X\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003e: Flag leaf width, X\u003csub\u003e8\u003c/sub\u003e: Flag leaf drooping angle, X\u003csub\u003e9\u003c/sub\u003e: Grain density.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 7\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eParameters of super-high-yielding\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;indica-japonica\u003c/em\u003e hybrid rice population dynamics\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"719\" class=\"fr-table-selection-hover\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eType\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 350px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eItem\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnit\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParameter\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"9\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1000-grain weight\u0026gt;24 g\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 350px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal spikelets\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026times;10\u003csup\u003e5\u003c/sup\u003e hm\u003csup\u003e-2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6800~7700\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 350px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSeed-setting rate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86.0~90.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 350px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMaturity stage dry matter accumulation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003et hm\u003csup\u003e-2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.0~30.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 350px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHarvest index\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52.0~54.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 350px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProportion of dry matter accumulation of heading-maturity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.2~37.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 350px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeading leaf area index\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.3~7.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 350px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercentage of productive tiller\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78.0~80.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 350px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePlant height\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ecm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e141.0~147.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 350px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGrain density\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003egrain cm\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.8~14.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"9\" style=\"width: 170px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1000-grain weight\u0026gt;27.5 g\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 350px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal spikelets\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026times;10\u003csup\u003e5\u003c/sup\u003e hm\u003csup\u003e-2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6100~7000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 350px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSeed-setting rate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e87.0~88.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 350px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMaturity stage dry matter accumulation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003et hm\u003csup\u003e-2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.5~30.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 350px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHarvest index\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.0~55.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 350px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProportion of dry matter accumulation of heading-maturity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.8~38.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 350px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeading leaf area index\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.3~7.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 350px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercentage of productive tiller\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81.5~85.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 350px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePlant height\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ecm\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e120.0~125.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 350px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGrain density\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 105px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003egrain cm\u003csup\u003e-1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.5~14.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-plant-biology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"pbio","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Plant Biology](http://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/pbio/default.aspx","title":"BMC Plant Biology","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Indica-japonica hybrid rice, Yield formation, Population dynamics, Planting density","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6552695/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6552695/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eOptimizing planting density is crucial for enhancing the yield of \u003cem\u003eindica-japonica\u003c/em\u003e hybrid rice by regulating yield components and population characteristics. A two-year field experiment was conducted using four \u003cem\u003eindica-japonica\u003c/em\u003e hybrid rice varieties with three planting densities: 15.15\u0026times;10\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e hills hm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;2\u003c/sup\u003e (T1), 20.83\u0026times;10\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e hills hm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;2\u003c/sup\u003e (T2), and 27.78\u0026times;10\u003csup\u003e4\u003c/sup\u003e hills hm\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;2\u003c/sup\u003e (T3). Results showed that super-high-yielding varieties had larger sink capacity and stronger source compared with high-yielding varieties, while population characteristics such as top three leaves and panicle patterns varied due to genetic differences among varieties. Increasing planting density enhanced the yield of super-high-yielding varieties, primarily through increased panicle number. However, this also led to higher ineffective tiller numbers, reduced productive tiller percentage, accelerated leaf area reduction in the reproductive stage, lower flag leaf SPAD values, restricted plant growth (shorter plant height and smaller top three leaf length, width, and angle), and restricted panicle development (shorter panicle length, fewer branch pedicels, and reduced seed-setting rate, 1000-grain weight, and spikelets per panicle). Despite these limitations, the higher total spikelet number compensated for the yield gap, achieving higher yields. In conclusion, an appropriate increase in planting density enhances sink capacity and is favorable for increasing the yield of super-high-yielding \u003cem\u003eindica-japonica\u003c/em\u003e hybrid rice.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Studies on the mechanism of the formation of yield differences in indica- japonica hybrid rice","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-05-22 12:53:53","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6552695/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-06-17T11:53:02+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-06-05T16:16:23+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-05-30T00:55:09+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"184489222295952911543669854657559935356","date":"2025-05-27T14:28:29+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"221620997717594855945357487318362517285","date":"2025-05-27T05:01:19+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"336723212512046223579515270566666125668","date":"2025-05-22T14:38:34+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-05-20T14:06:50+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-05-11T12:11:54+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-05-09T11:46:45+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-05-09T05:34:02+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Plant Biology","date":"2025-05-09T05:32:54+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-plant-biology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"pbio","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Plant Biology](http://bmcplantbiol.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/pbio/default.aspx","title":"BMC Plant Biology","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"6dcb6782-f63c-4b9a-9ded-0747867f06d9","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 22nd, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-08-25T16:29:55+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-6552695","link":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-07105-5","journal":{"identity":"bmc-plant-biology","isVorOnly":false,"title":"BMC Plant Biology"},"publishedOn":"2025-08-18 15:56:49","publishedOnDateReadable":"August 18th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-05-22 12:53:53","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1186/s12870-025-07105-5","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-025-07105-5","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6552695","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6552695","identity":"rs-6552695","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}