Notch1 Haploinsufficiency in Mice Accelerates Adipogenesis

Notch signaling has been recognized recently as a key regulator of metabolism. Here, we determined the role of Notch1 in adipogenesis in wild-type (WT) and Notch1 hetero-mutant (N1+/-) mice provided with 12-week normal or high-fat diet. Haploinsufficiency of Notch1 was associated with adipose tissue accumulation despite similar food intake. White adipose tissue (WAT) of N1+/- showed accumulation of adipogenic cells (CD34 + CD68 + cells), crown-like structures, and upregulation of cell proliferation markers (cyclin D1 and Ki67). Notch1 expression in WAT reached peak levels in 8-week-old WT mice in parallel with fat accumulation, especially under HF/HS-feeding, whereas such increment was blunted in N1+/- mice. Downstream of Notch1 haploinsufficiency, over-expression of adipogenic factors PPARγ and C/EBPα was noted following down-regulation of downstream transcriptional factors of Notch signaling (Hes-1, Pref-1, and Sox9). Both pharmacological Notch signal inhibition and Notch1 knockdown enhanced adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. N1+/- mice showed impaired glucose and insulin tolerance with downregulation of IRS-1 and GLUT4 in WAT after high-fat diet. Taken together, our results suggest that haploinsufficiency of Notch1 promotes fat accumulation and adipogenesis and provides a mechanistic link between Notch signaling and development of metabolic syndrome.