Methods and Profitability of Fish Hatchery Enterprise in India

Methods and Profitability of Fish Hatchery Enterprise in India | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Short Report Methods and Profitability of Fish Hatchery Enterprise in India DEBASHIS DUTTA This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-960813/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Enterprise is the key foundation for any start-up or business as it provides scopes to the economic growth of individuals as well as the countries. A fish hatchery is a reliable enterprise with a sustainable good economic return. To maintain the proper and timely supply of the spawns to the fisheries industries the hatcheries should perform their activities over the year. A study in the West Bengal state of India shows that a substantial economic return can be obtained from a fish hatchery. It was also seen that the benefit-cost ratio is also greater than one (1.73). Though further research scope and enhancement of technologies can strengthen the enterprise with more profitability. Aquaculture and Mariculture Fisheries Economics Enterprise Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Introduction The word entrepreneur has originated from the French word entrepreneur meaning the person who undertakes the risk of new enterprise. Entrepreneurship is a critical component of the country's economic growth since it provides a key means of addressing issues like as poverty, unemployment, and low per capita income through capital mobilization and job creation. India is also a major producer of fish through aquaculture across the world. More than 10% of the world's fish variety is found in India. With an annual fish production of around 9.06 million metric tonnes, the country now ranks second in the world in overall fish production (FAO). India provides around 7.7% of global fish output and is the fourth largest exporter of fish products in the world (Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying). In the era of declining productivity of the soil via agricultural means Fish hatchery could came out as an alternative economic farming system to sustain the production economy in profit line. Fish hatchery is the growing of fishes by artificial breeding and hatching in their early stage of life. Many often, the progress of farming have been slowed by a shortage of seed, but once that bottleneck was removed, the industry grew rapidly (Musa et al , 2012). Despite the fact that natural fish supplies in Lake Victoria are diminishing due to overfishing and other causes, demand for fish protein has been steadily rising as a result of fast human population expansion (FAO, 2006). Larval and juvenile fishes produced generally out of these hatcheries. The fish farmers need a sustainable amount of health fish seeds or fingerlings to grow them in proper amount and time to capture the market. This induces the farmers for preparing their own hatcheries to sustain the production of fish seeds and smooth run of the fish farming enterprises. Keeping this in view a study has been carried out in West Bengal, India in rural fish hatchery enterprises to find out minutes of the processes and the economic advantages acquired out of it. Materials And Methods The study was carried out in a fish hatchery farm in North 24 PGs districts of West Bengal State in India. Structured questionnaires were used to find out different wings and arena of the enterprises. The hatcheries were building up in 1987 taking loan from the bank with an inspiration from the ancestors. Infrastructures The farm had four numbers of Hatcheries, eight number of Pump (5 HP), four Motors of Horse Power, four numbers of water tank and six numbers of Nets for covering the hatcheries as its infrastructural assets. 6 labours needed as human resources for 6 month. Key Activities by steps : Step 1: Buying of brood fish (male & female) (Jan,Feb,March) Step 2: Feeding of fish (Ground Nut Cake,Rice,Mahua Cake,Boiled Pea,Soyabean Dust, lentil,Cerelac) Step 3: Application of lime for hardiness of fish and Methylene Blue against diseases. Step 4:Catching of male and female fish by netting during April. Step 5: Placing them in breeding hapa for 4 hours After 4 hours inducing hormones are injected to male and female fish as per the doses in Table-1. Thereafter 5-7 hours female fish lay eggs. The fishes are then taken out from the breeding hapa. “Haritoki Cosh” has been added for hardening the egg sponge. Subsequently after 24 hours eggs are hatched. In about 72 hours of hatching seeds are ready for marketing. Table 1 Doses of hormones Dose Fish Female(mg/Kg) Male(mg/Kg) Dose 1 Punti ( Puntius sanctus ) 1 mg/Kg 1-1.5 mg/Kg Rohu ( Labio rohita) , Katla ( Katla katla) , Mrigel (Cirrhinus mrigala) 1.5-2 mg/Kg 1-1.5 mg/Kg Dose 2 Punti ( Puntius sanctus ) 1 mg/Kg 1-1.5 mg/Kg Rohu ( Labio rohita) , Katla ( Katla katla) , Mrigel (Cirrhinus mrigala) 8.5 mg/Kg 1-1.5 mg/Kg Marketing Channel Marketing channels has also been studied for proper understanding of economics and the after process. It has been identified by several questionnaires that the enterprise can directly sell the seeds to the fish cultivar or can sell in local market for onward selling to the fish farms. Generally the dealers come to them and according to their need they supply the spawns. A numbers of marketing channels involves in these types of hatcheries (Chaudharya et al. , 2021) Result And Discussions After through research and discussion the cost involved has been structured out and simultaneously gross return per year from the enterprises has been analyzed. The following table shows the findings of the survey. Table 2 Cost analysis of the enterprise Fixed Cost Variable Cost Component Cost(in Rs) Component Cost( In Rs) Hatchery and water tank 2,50,000 Labour 2,00,000 Pumps 1,60,000 Inducing hormone 1,00,000 Motors 24,000 Fish feed 1,10,000 Medicine 40,000 Electricity 50,000 Breeder fish 1,00,000 Total Fixed Cost 4,34,000 Fuel 85,000 Nets Total variable cost 6,99,425 *Depriciation was calculated@ Rs 4425 Table 3 Return from the enterprise per season Item Amount produced (bati) Price/Bati(Rs.) Price (Rs.) Punti (Puntius sanctus) 750 400 3,00,000 Rohu (Labio rohita) 350 1100 3,85,000 Katla (Katla katla) 350 1500 5,25,000 Gross return in the season 12,10,000 Table 4 Economic Analysis Total Variable Cost Gross Return Net Return Benefit Cost Ratio (B:C) 6,99,425 12,10,000 5,10,575 =(Gross Return/Total Variable Cost) =12,10,000/6,99,425 = 1.73 As the Benefit Cost ratio (B: C Ratio) is greater than 1 the enterprise may be termed as viable economically. It was observed by the research of Ashley-Dejo et al ., in 2020 that BCR was greater than 1 and a positive net return by the fish enterprises. Quality seed is essential for aquaculture's long-term success. Aquaculture's expansion and development are largely dependent on seed obtained from hatcheries (Chaudharya et al., 2021). Fish farming is the prime need to meet animal protein as it can be done in the agriculturally barren land. It has been found that mostly mens are involved in susch enterprises like the findings of Oladimeji et al ., (2017); Olaoye et al ., (2017) fish farming enterprise is dominated by men. Though improvement needed in fisheries management for a sustainable production (Pauly et al. 2002). Folayan and Folayan (2017) also found fish hatcheries to be an innovative enterprise to uplift rural economy. Conclusion It can be concluded that by the several findings around the globe, fish hatcheries is an reliable enterprise which most of the time gains a good profit and very much important to keep the fish production viable all the way. Declarations Acknowledgement: The researchers are very much thankful to Rahaman enterprise of West Bengal for their full support and cooperation during the survey and collection of databases. The author declares no competing interest. Abbreviations FAO Food and Agriculture Organization References Chaudharya, P., Yadava, P. K., & Jhab, D. K. STATUS OF FISH HATCHERY AND NURSERY MANAGEMENT IN, DHANUSHA, NEPAL. http://www.fao.org/fishery/countrysector/naso_india/en , (Accessed on 11.09.21) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_hatchery , (Accessed on 10.09.21) https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1674522 , (Accesed on 11.09.21) https://www.fao.org/ , (Accessed on 10.09.21) Musa, S. A. F. I. N. A., Aura, C. M., Owiti, G. E. O. R. G. E., Nyonje, B. E. T. T. Y., Orina, P. A. U. L., & Charo-Karisa, H. A. R. R. I. S. O. N. (2012). Fish farming enterprise productivity program (FFEPP) as an impetus to Oreochromis niloticus (L.) farming in Western Kenya: Lessons to learn. African journal of agricultural research, 7(8), 1324-1330. Tidwell, J. H., & Allan, G. L. (2001). Fish as food: aquaculture's contribution. EMBO reports, 2(11), 958-963. Uddin, M. T., Rahman, M. H., & Sarkar, A. A. (1999). Profitability of Fish Hatchery Enterprise in Bangladesh. Economic Affairs (Calcutta), 44(2), 98. Pauly D, Christensen V, Guenette S, et al. 2002. Towards sustainability in world fisheries. Nature 418: 689–95. Oladeji J. O. and Oyesola, O. B. (2002). Women fishing activities in rural communities of Epe Local Government Area of Lagos State. African Journal of Livestock Extension, 1:50–54. Olaoye, O.J., Ogunremi, J.B., Ojebiyi, W.G., Ojelade, C.O., Shopade, O.A. and pele, I.A. (2017). Investigation of Sources of Micro-Credit, and Profitability of Fish arming in Eriwe Fish Farm Estate, Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Food Environment, 4(2):36-50 Ashley-Dejo, S. S. (2020). ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY AND PROFITABILITY OF FISH HATCHERY ENTERPRISES IN OSUN STATE, NIGERIA. Nigeria Agricultural Journal, 51(2), 337-345. Folayan, J.A. and Folayan, O.F. (2017). Socio – Economic and Profitability Analysis of Catfish Production in Akure North Local Government of Ondo State, Nigeria. Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 23(6):1-8 Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-960813","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Short Report","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":55989716,"identity":"459a5d07-ca58-4132-aa3a-d88914261597","order_by":0,"name":"DEBASHIS DUTTA","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4340-9546","institution":"INDIAN FARMERS FERTILIZER COOPERATIVE LIMITED","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"DEBASHIS","middleName":"","lastName":"DUTTA","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2021-10-08 17:16:47","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":true,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"coiExplicitlySet":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-960813/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-960813/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":14415200,"identity":"59b651df-33dd-4736-b285-23e5a213e7bb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-10-11 15:47:28","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":408907,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Breeding Hapa","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-960813/v1/9f975a371949935fa9eb2664.png"},{"id":14415202,"identity":"2e8686f4-1df0-43de-9745-d6e65a6df3b8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-10-11 15:47:29","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":1420645,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Spawns of Puntius sanctius after hatching","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-960813/v1/5308ff1c7fdb1fc844ed1f43.png"},{"id":14415201,"identity":"ef7ac25b-f8bd-46b2-860d-2315c39a3b15","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-10-11 15:47:28","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":46972,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Legend not included with this version","description":"","filename":"floatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-960813/v1/bfabb7d1c1bd965585bbeef2.png"},{"id":14415203,"identity":"545e1f21-3110-4d75-89a2-dad03d442f43","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-10-11 15:47:32","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":619451,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-960813/v1/259edafe-3ab6-4929-a927-2001b4609da7.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eMethods and Profitability of Fish Hatchery Enterprise in India\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe word entrepreneur has originated from the French word entrepreneur meaning the person who undertakes the risk of new enterprise. Entrepreneurship is a critical component of the country's economic growth since it provides a key means of addressing issues like as poverty, unemployment, and low per capita income through capital mobilization and job creation. India is also a major producer of fish through aquaculture across the world. More than 10% of the world's fish variety is found in India. With an annual fish production of around 9.06 million metric tonnes, the country now ranks second in the world in overall fish production (FAO). India provides around 7.7% of global fish output and is the fourth largest exporter of fish products in the world (Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry \u0026amp; Dairying). In the era of declining productivity of the soil via agricultural means Fish hatchery could came out as an alternative economic farming system to sustain the production economy in profit line. Fish hatchery is the growing of fishes by artificial breeding and hatching in their early stage of life. Many often, the progress of farming have been slowed by a shortage of seed, but once that bottleneck was removed, the industry grew rapidly (Musa \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e, 2012). Despite the fact that natural fish supplies in Lake Victoria are diminishing due to overfishing and other causes, demand for fish protein has been steadily rising as a result of fast human population expansion (FAO, 2006). Larval and juvenile fishes produced generally out of these hatcheries. The fish farmers need a sustainable amount of health fish seeds or fingerlings to grow them in proper amount and time to capture the market. This induces the farmers for preparing their own hatcheries to sustain the production of fish seeds and smooth run of the fish farming enterprises. Keeping this in view a study has been carried out in West Bengal, India in rural fish hatchery enterprises to find out minutes of the processes and the economic advantages acquired out of it.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Materials And Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe study was carried out in a fish hatchery farm in North 24 PGs districts of West Bengal State in India. Structured questionnaires were used to find out different wings and arena of the enterprises. The hatcheries were building up in 1987 taking loan from the bank with an inspiration from the ancestors.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eInfrastructures\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe farm had four numbers of Hatcheries, eight number of Pump (5 HP), four Motors of Horse Power, four numbers of water tank and six numbers of Nets for covering the hatcheries as its infrastructural assets. 6 labours needed as human resources for 6 month.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eKey Activities by steps\u003c/b\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStep 1: Buying of brood fish (male \u0026amp; female) (Jan,Feb,March)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStep 2: Feeding of fish (Ground Nut Cake,Rice,Mahua Cake,Boiled Pea,Soyabean Dust, lentil,Cerelac)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStep 3: Application of lime for hardiness of fish and Methylene Blue against diseases.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Step 4:Catching of male and female fish by netting during April.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStep 5: Placing them in breeding hapa for 4 hours\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e After 4 hours inducing hormones are injected to male and female fish as per the doses in Table-1. Thereafter 5-7 hours female fish lay eggs. The fishes are then taken out from the breeding hapa. \u0026ldquo;Haritoki Cosh\u0026rdquo; has been added for hardening the egg sponge. Subsequently after 24 hours eggs are hatched. In about 72 hours of hatching seeds are ready for marketing.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDoses of hormones\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDose\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFish\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale(mg/Kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale(mg/Kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDose 1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePunti (\u003cem\u003ePuntius sanctus\u003c/em\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 mg/Kg\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1-1.5 mg/Kg\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRohu (\u003cem\u003eLabio rohita)\u003c/em\u003e,\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKatla (\u003cem\u003eKatla katla)\u003c/em\u003e,\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMrigel \u003cem\u003e(Cirrhinus mrigala)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5-2 mg/Kg\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1-1.5 mg/Kg\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDose 2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePunti (\u003cem\u003ePuntius sanctus\u003c/em\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 mg/Kg\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1-1.5 mg/Kg\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRohu (\u003cem\u003eLabio rohita)\u003c/em\u003e,\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKatla (\u003cem\u003eKatla katla)\u003c/em\u003e,\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMrigel \u003cem\u003e(Cirrhinus mrigala)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 mg/Kg\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1-1.5 mg/Kg\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarketing Channel\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e Marketing channels has also been studied for proper understanding of economics and the after process. It has been identified by several questionnaires that the enterprise can directly sell the seeds to the fish cultivar or can sell in local market for onward selling to the fish farms. Generally the dealers come to them and according to their need they supply the spawns. A numbers of marketing channels involves in these types of hatcheries (Chaudharya \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e, 2021)\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Result And Discussions","content":"\u003cp\u003eAfter through research and discussion the cost involved has been structured out and simultaneously gross return per year from the enterprises has been analyzed. The following table shows the findings of the survey.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCost analysis of the enterprise\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFixed Cost\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariable Cost\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eComponent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCost(in Rs)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eComponent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCost( In Rs)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHatchery and water tank\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,50,000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLabour\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,00,000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePumps\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1,60,000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInducing hormone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1,00,000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMotors\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24,000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFish feed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1,10,000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedicine\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40,000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eElectricity\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50,000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBreeder fish\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1,00,000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal Fixed Cost\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4,34,000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFuel\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85,000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNets\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal variable cost\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6,99,425\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"4\"\u003e*Depriciation was calculated@ Rs 4425\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eReturn from the enterprise per season\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eItem\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmount produced (bati)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrice/Bati(Rs.)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrice (Rs.)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePunti (Puntius sanctus)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e750\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e400\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3,00,000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRohu (Labio rohita)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e350\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1100\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3,85,000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKatla (Katla katla)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e350\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1500\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,25,000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGross return in the season\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12,10,000\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEconomic Analysis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal Variable Cost\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGross Return\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNet Return\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBenefit Cost Ratio (B:C)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6,99,425\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12,10,000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5,10,575\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e=(Gross Return/Total Variable Cost)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e=12,10,000/6,99,425\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e=\u003cb\u003e1.73\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs the Benefit Cost ratio (B: C Ratio) is greater than 1 the enterprise may be termed as viable economically. It was observed by the research of Ashley-Dejo \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e., in 2020 that BCR was greater than 1 and a positive net return by the fish enterprises. Quality seed is essential for aquaculture's long-term success. Aquaculture's expansion and development are largely dependent on seed obtained from hatcheries (Chaudharya et al., 2021). Fish farming is the prime need to meet animal protein as it can be done in the agriculturally barren land. It has been found that mostly mens are involved in susch enterprises like the findings of Oladimeji \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e., (2017); Olaoye \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e., (2017) fish farming enterprise is dominated by men. Though improvement needed in fisheries management for a sustainable production (Pauly \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e2002). Folayan and Folayan (2017) also found fish hatcheries to be an innovative enterprise to uplift rural economy.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eIt can be concluded that by the several findings around the globe, fish hatcheries is an reliable enterprise which most of the time gains a good profit and very much important to keep the fish production viable all the way.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgement:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe researchers are very much thankful to Rahaman enterprise of West Bengal for their full support and cooperation during the survey and collection of databases.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe author declares no competing interest.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionList\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003e\u003cb\u003eFAO\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFood and Agriculture Organization\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eChaudharya, P., Yadava, P. K., \u0026amp; Jhab, D. K. STATUS OF FISH HATCHERY AND NURSERY MANAGEMENT IN, DHANUSHA, NEPAL.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://www.fao.org/fishery/countrysector/naso_india/en\"\u003ehttp://www.fao.org/fishery/countrysector/naso_india/en\u003c/a\u003e, (Accessed on 11.09.21)\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_hatchery\"\u003ehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_hatchery\u003c/a\u003e, (Accessed on 10.09.21)\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1674522\"\u003ehttps://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1674522\u003c/a\u003e, (Accesed on 11.09.21)\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.fao.org/\"\u003ehttps://www.fao.org/\u003c/a\u003e, (Accessed on 10.09.21)\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMusa, S. A. F. I. N. A., Aura, C. M., Owiti, G. E. O. R. G. E., Nyonje, B. E. T. T. Y., Orina, P. A. U. L., \u0026amp; Charo-Karisa, H. A. R. R. I. S. O. N. (2012). Fish farming enterprise productivity program (FFEPP) as an impetus to Oreochromis niloticus (L.) farming in Western Kenya: Lessons to learn. African journal of agricultural research, 7(8), 1324-1330.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eTidwell, J. H., \u0026amp; Allan, G. L. (2001). Fish as food: aquaculture\u0026apos;s contribution. EMBO reports, 2(11), 958-963.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eUddin, M. T., Rahman, M. H., \u0026amp; Sarkar, A. A. (1999). Profitability of Fish Hatchery Enterprise in Bangladesh. Economic Affairs (Calcutta), 44(2), 98.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003ePauly D, Christensen V, Guenette S, et al. 2002. Towards sustainability in world fisheries. Nature 418: 689\u0026ndash;95.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eOladeji J. O. and Oyesola, O. B. (2002). Women fishing activities in rural communities of Epe Local Government Area of Lagos State. African Journal of \u0026ensp;\u0026emsp;Livestock Extension, 1:50\u0026ndash;54.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eOlaoye, O.J., Ogunremi, J.B., Ojebiyi, W.G., Ojelade, C.O., Shopade, O.A. and pele, I.A. (2017). Investigation of Sources of Micro-Credit, and Profitability of Fish arming in Eriwe Fish Farm Estate, Ijebu-Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Food Environment, 4(2):36-50\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAshley-Dejo, S. S. (2020). ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY AND PROFITABILITY OF FISH HATCHERY ENTERPRISES IN OSUN STATE, NIGERIA. Nigeria Agricultural Journal, 51(2), 337-345.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eFolayan, J.A. and Folayan, O.F. (2017). Socio \u0026ndash; \u0026ensp;Economic and Profitability Analysis of Catfish Production in Akure North Local Government of Ondo State, Nigeria. Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 23(6):1-8\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Fisheries, Economics, Enterprise","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-960813/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-960813/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eEnterprise is the key foundation for any start-up or business as it provides scopes to the economic growth of individuals as well as the countries. A fish hatchery is a reliable enterprise with a sustainable good economic return. To maintain the proper and timely supply of the spawns to the fisheries industries the hatcheries should perform their activities over the year. A study in the West Bengal state of India shows that a substantial economic return can be obtained from a fish hatchery. It was also seen that the benefit-cost ratio is also greater than one (1.73). Though further research scope and enhancement of technologies can strengthen the enterprise with more profitability.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Methods and Profitability of Fish Hatchery Enterprise in India","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2021-10-11 15:47:27","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-960813/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"4ef3c083-632a-47fd-b677-2c5359ad2d77","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 11th, 2021","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":7738540,"name":"Aquaculture and Mariculture"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2021-10-11T15:47:27+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2021-10-11 15:47:27","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-960813","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-960813","identity":"rs-960813","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"7rjqhiLT3MXkJMwkYKINL","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}