Synthesis and characterization of UV-curable organic–inorganic hybrid materials based on multi-functional urethane acrylate resin (MUA) and TiO2 with high refractive index

Synthesis and characterization of UV-curable organic–inorganic hybrid materials based on multi-functional urethane acrylate resin (MUA) and TiO2 with high refractive index | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Synthesis and characterization of UV-curable organic–inorganic hybrid materials based on multi-functional urethane acrylate resin (MUA) and TiO2 with high refractive index Kuan-Liang Liu, Jin-Lin Han, Kuo-Huang Hsieh This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4458600/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The UV curable Multifunctional Urethane-Acrylate resin was prepared through a chemical reaction using Isophorone Diisocyanate and Pentaerythritol Triacrylate. The TiO 2 was synthesized via a sol-gel reaction and then used 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate to surface treatment for increased compatibility with MUA resin and enhanced the materials of refractive index. Traditional composite materials have a combination of organic and inorganic structure. The interaction on the organic and inorganic interface mainly depends on physical forces like Hydrogen bonding or Van der Waals forces, which are relatively weak compared to covalent or ionic bonds. Consequently, the interface strength and contact area between organic and inorganic components affect the mechanical characteristics. In contrast, hybrid composite differs from composite materials in that they combine organic and inorganic substances at the nanometer scale, creating a molecular-level composite material. By utilizing van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonding, and chemical bonding, hybrid materials overcome the macroscopic phase separation observed in traditional composite materials. This allows them to exhibit the characteristics of both organic and inorganic materials, meeting the requirements for high-performance materials. The highest refractive index of the organic–inorganic hybrid material can reach 1.71. urethane acrylate hybrid material Titanium dioxide refractive index Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4458600","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":312378004,"identity":"7c7040c3-e6e7-4729-8f19-18940751c20b","order_by":0,"name":"Kuan-Liang Liu","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA6ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDCC483HP0hUSPCwsTeA+YwNBLWcOZbGYHHGRo6P5wBYNZBgJqDlRo4ZQ2VbmrGcRAKRWviAWh7cbDuc2Cb59vhjHgYb2Q0H+I9J4NMieeZZueGMc0At0nmJzTwMacYbDjCz4dVicDx5g7REGUhLjiFQy+FEkJYbeLUcSDCQ/sMGctgZkJb/RGg5kWImIQH0PpsED0jLAcJaJM8cSzaQAAYyG0+O4cw5BsnGMw8zm//Ap4XvePPBB6ColG8/Y/DhTYWdbN/xxscG+LSguxOICcXkKBgFo2AUjALCAAASmFBwfTnX2gAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"National Taiwan University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kuan-Liang","middleName":"","lastName":"Liu","suffix":""},{"id":312378005,"identity":"7c64fb54-7296-4db6-b342-7642a80507c3","order_by":1,"name":"Jin-Lin Han","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Ilan University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jin-Lin","middleName":"","lastName":"Han","suffix":""},{"id":312378006,"identity":"6a473ed5-2718-4b46-bbd4-fb2903303585","order_by":2,"name":"Kuo-Huang Hsieh","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"National Taiwan University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kuo-Huang","middleName":"","lastName":"Hsieh","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-05-22 06:22:46","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4458600/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4458600/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":65328796,"identity":"2899313d-76c3-4340-8197-537bf3623b8b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-09-26 06:47:10","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":651458,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"0527manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4458600/v1_covered_0398bf43-4ead-4a98-8aee-6a0c48ed7bc4.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Synthesis and characterization of UV-curable organic–inorganic hybrid materials based on multi-functional urethane acrylate resin (MUA) and TiO2 with high refractive index","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"urethane acrylate, hybrid material, Titanium dioxide, refractive index","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4458600/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4458600/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe UV curable Multifunctional Urethane-Acrylate resin was prepared through a chemical reaction using Isophorone Diisocyanate and Pentaerythritol Triacrylate. The TiO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e was synthesized via a sol-gel reaction and then used 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate to surface treatment for increased compatibility with MUA resin and enhanced the materials of refractive index.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTraditional composite materials have a combination of organic and inorganic structure. The interaction on the organic and inorganic interface mainly depends on physical forces like Hydrogen bonding or Van der Waals forces, which are relatively weak compared to covalent or ionic bonds. Consequently, the interface strength and contact area between organic and inorganic components affect the mechanical characteristics.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn contrast, hybrid composite differs from composite materials in that they combine organic and inorganic substances at the nanometer scale, creating a molecular-level composite material. 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