A Paper-Based Bi-Enzymatic Sensor for Chemiresistive Glucose Detection

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Abstract

At-home testing of glucose levels is crucial for safe monitoring of a variety of diseases, such as pancreatitis, psoriasis, cirrhosis, acute myocardial infarction, and, of course, diabetes. Current blood tests are invasive, leading to the research of alternative biofluids such as saliva, tears, and sweat. Nevertheless, such fluids are limited in quantity and contains various interfering molecules, posing stringent technological requirements. In this study, a simple paper-based glucose sensor is designed by using the conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and a bi-enzymatic solution of Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) and Glucose Oxidase (GOx). Unlike most electrochemical glucose sensors, this sensor employs a chemiresistive mechanism, allowing simple configurations, low costs, and easy signal measurements. The designed sensor demonstrates a working range suitable for various biofluid analysis, e.g., saliva, with a limit of detection of 1.1 µM and a linear detection range of 102 – 104 µM while only requiring 40 µL sample volume. Detection in whole artificial saliva is also carried out to demonstrate the sensor applicability. The limited analyte volume required, and the suitable detection range and limit of detection achieved by this sensor make it an excellent candidate for developing a non-invasive, at home glucose meter.
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A Paper-Based Bi-Enzymatic Sensor for Chemiresistive Glucose Detection | Authorea try { document.documentElement.classList.add('js'); } catch (e) { } var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'G-8VDV14Y67G']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); Skip to main content Preprints Collections Wiley Open Research IET Open Research Ecological Society of Japan All Collections About About Authorea FAQs Contact Us Quick Search anywhere Search for preprint articles, keywords, etc. Search Search ADVANCED SEARCH SCROLL View This is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 13 February 2025 V1 Latest version Share on A Paper-Based Bi-Enzymatic Sensor for Chemiresistive Glucose Detection Authors : Riccardo Zulli , Jacopo Giaretta 0000-0003-0006-2132 , Theja Prabhakar , Ronil J. Rath , Suvan Shrestha , Sara Spilimbergo , Syamak Farajikhah 0000-0002-2997-5931 [email protected] , and Fariba Dehghani Authors Info & Affiliations https://doi.org/10.22541/au.173942497.77491625/v1 Published VIEW Version of record Peer review timeline 598 views 333 downloads Contents Abstract Supplementary Material Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract At-home testing of glucose levels is crucial for safe monitoring of a variety of diseases, such as pancreatitis, psoriasis, cirrhosis, acute myocardial infarction, and, of course, diabetes. Current blood tests are invasive, leading to the research of alternative biofluids such as saliva, tears, and sweat. Nevertheless, such fluids are limited in quantity and contains various interfering molecules, posing stringent technological requirements. In this study, a simple paper-based glucose sensor is designed by using the conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and a bi-enzymatic solution of Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) and Glucose Oxidase (GOx). Unlike most electrochemical glucose sensors, this sensor employs a chemiresistive mechanism, allowing simple configurations, low costs, and easy signal measurements. The designed sensor demonstrates a working range suitable for various biofluid analysis, e.g., saliva, with a limit of detection of 1.1 µM and a linear detection range of 102 – 104 µM while only requiring 40 µL sample volume. Detection in whole artificial saliva is also carried out to demonstrate the sensor applicability. The limited analyte volume required, and the suitable detection range and limit of detection achieved by this sensor make it an excellent candidate for developing a non-invasive, at home glucose meter. Supplementary Material File (manuscript-2.pdf) Download 804.45 KB Information & Authors Information Version history V1 Version 1 13 February 2025 Peer review timeline Published VIEW Version of Record 3 Jul 2025 Published Copyright This work is licensed under a Non Exclusive No Reuse License. Collection View Keywords chemiresistive electrochemical glucose saliva sensor Authors Affiliations Riccardo Zulli Universita degli Studi di Padova View all articles by this author Jacopo Giaretta 0000-0003-0006-2132 The University of Sydney View all articles by this author Theja Prabhakar The University of Sydney View all articles by this author Ronil J. Rath The University of Sydney View all articles by this author Suvan Shrestha The University of Sydney View all articles by this author Sara Spilimbergo Universita degli Studi di Padova View all articles by this author Syamak Farajikhah 0000-0002-2997-5931 [email protected] The University of Sydney View all articles by this author Fariba Dehghani The University of Sydney View all articles by this author Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 598 views 333 downloads .FvxKWukQNSOunydq8rnd { width: 100px; } Citations Download citation Riccardo Zulli, Jacopo Giaretta, Theja Prabhakar, et al. A Paper-Based Bi-Enzymatic Sensor for Chemiresistive Glucose Detection. Authorea . 13 February 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.173942497.77491625/v1 If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download. 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