Transformer Based Sign-to-Text Translation For Bangladeshi Sign Language

Transformer Based Sign-to-Text Translation For Bangladeshi Sign Language | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Transformer Based Sign-to-Text Translation For Bangladeshi Sign Language Tahsinul Haque Dhrubo, Md. Tanzim Reza, Sihab Sahariar, Wasif Afnan Mukto This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7529356/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 06 Dec, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 3 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Effective communication is a fundamental human need, yet millions of deaf individuals worldwide face significant barriers when interacting with the non-deaf population. Our research addresses this challenge by developing an innovative system that utilizes Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques to interpret and translate sign language into a format easily understood by individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing. Building on the legacy of assistive technologies, such as the pioneering work in 1977 that enabled the translation of sign language into English via a mechanical hand, our approach aims to modernize and expand these efforts. We have developed a Custom Transformer Encoder Stack Model, trained on a dataset comprising 102 Bangladeshi Sign Language (BdSL) signs. The model achieved exceptional results, with 99.52% accuracy on the training dataset and 98.12% on the test dataset, demonstrating its precision and robustness. Furthermore, the system's adaptability allows for integrating other sign languages through updates to the dataset, making it a flexible and scalable solution for real-time communication. Our research aims to foster greater inclusivity by providing a tool that empowers deaf individuals to communicate seamlessly with the hearing community, thereby enhancing accessibility, social integration, and overall communication equity. Physical sciences/Engineering Physical sciences/Mathematics and computing Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 06 Dec, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 07 Oct, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 05 Sep, 2025 First submitted to journal 05 Sep, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7529356","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":510805037,"identity":"95e9b9d9-ab6d-4679-90ff-2a7b420f6341","order_by":0,"name":"Tahsinul Haque Dhrubo","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"BRAC University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tahsinul","middleName":"Haque","lastName":"Dhrubo","suffix":""},{"id":510805039,"identity":"f12294a9-c44c-493d-b2cd-f1139dc33dbb","order_by":1,"name":"Md. 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