Quali-quantitative Assessment of Solid Waste Generated at Ifgoiano- Rio Verde

Quali-quantitative Assessment of Solid Waste Generated at Ifgoiano- Rio Verde | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Quali-quantitative Assessment of Solid Waste Generated at Ifgoiano- Rio Verde Marcos Fernandes de Oliveira, Bruno de Oliveira Costa Couto, Edio Damásio da Silva junior This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3778824/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 3 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract On a university campus, the diversity of types of waste is substantially relevant, as there are theoretical and practical classes, laboratory and field tests, maintenance of furniture, utensils and installations, in addition to a pulsating community that uses the campus space intensively for much of its day, including its food. In view of the above, this study aimed to carry out a qualitative and quantitative inventory of the solid waste generated on the premises of the Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Rio Verde, using the methodological procedures suggested by NBR 10004/2004 with adaptations for the campus. Nine collection points were evaluated, listed from one to nine, three of which were voluntary drop-off points (PEVs), identified as 1, 5 and 7. The remaining six were distributed around the campus in areas close to laboratories and classrooms. The evaluation period ran from February to October 2022, with two monthly collections, always on days before the municipal public service's known collection times. The research was divided into two stages, the first of which was to apply questionnaires assessing consumption and waste generation, surveying the type of material generated, the frequency of disposal, the destination of this material and forms of packaging for segregation. This was followed by a gravimetric survey of nine identified and mapped collection points. The aim was to identify the profile of waste-producing agents, the amount generated, segregated and sent for recycling, what is sent to the municipal landfill and its possibility of recovery. A total of 5,008.34 kg of solid waste was collected, of which 23.4% was thermoplastics, 11.8% cardboard, 13% food waste, and 28.9% was collected at voluntary drop-off points by recycling cooperatives. The study also found that at points 2, 3, 6 and 8, the volumes of thermoplastics and cardboard are higher than those disposed of at the PEVs, demonstrating that although there is a perception of the importance of recycling, it is still deficient. projecting for one year based on the amount found, in the area used by the Campus, an amount of 0.22t/inhab/year of solid waste generation was obtained Solid waste management. Inventory of gas emissions. Solid waste in Educational Institution Figures Figure 1 1-INTRODUCTION Managing solid waste presents a formidable challenge in the pursuit of sustainable energy security, and involves intricate socio-economic and cultural aspects. To achieve the goal of a circular economy (Nimita Jebaranjitham et al., 2022 ), a change from the "take-make-discard" philosophy to a "reduce-recycle-repair-reuse-share" approach is imperative. The waste hierarchy index tool, developed by (Pires & Martinho, 2019 ), is commonly utilized for enhancing the circular economy. However, no concrete evidence on its effectiveness has been demonstrated through indicators, with the recycling rate being the most commonly used indicator as noted by (Wuttke, 2018 ). Thus, the sustainable management of solid waste extends beyond environmental impacts and also encompasses economic challenges. To address these, techniques such as LCA - Life Cycle Assessment (Mulya et al., 2022 ) and LCA - Life Cycle Impact Assessment(Woon et al., 2016 ) are used, along with the costs associated with the proper implementation of waste incineration systems and the reduction of primary and secondary pollutants (Gu et al., 2022 ), The proper implementation of waste incineration systems has been shown to reduce both primary and secondary pollutants, resulting in cost savings. Additionally, the evaluation of food waste and its associated energy loss is a tangible example of sustainable solid waste management(Wang et al., 2021 ). Therefore, both the research and development sectors and academia have a critical role to play in identifying effective approaches to waste management. Techniques for remediating contamination and repurposing waste energy can both safeguard the environment and bolster the circular economy by turning waste into a valuable commodity. The study conducted by(Borges, 2021 ) emphasizes the necessary actions for a university campus to achieve sustainable management of solid waste. Additionally, this effort may lead to improved management practices for solid waste. Such actions involve implementing environmental education in undergraduate and graduate courses to educate students as responsible citizens towards the planet. Other necessary actions include conducting a waste inventory, analyzing the useful life and material characterization, and developing a management plan. The objective of this research, conducted at Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Rio Verde, was to perform a qualitative and quantitative inventory of the solid waste generated on campus and conduct a life cycle analysis of the waste. The study consisted of multiple stages and followed methodological procedures sourced from relevant literature, which were then tailored to fit the realities of the institution. 2- THEORETICAL REREFENTIAL It is also necessary to distinguish whether the concern with solid waste is based on the loss of economic activity or the need for environmental preservation(Hallak et al., 2021 ). It is also necessary to have a well-founded argument about how to proceed with such a socio-economically important issue, knowing the critical points, the techniques and tools available to manage liabilities and their application to reduce waste through broad strategies. This discussion, followed by effective action, starts from the basic principle (Law 12.305/2010), Decree 7.746 of 2012, which regulates art. 3 of Law 8. 666, of June 21, 1993, to establish criteria and practices for the promotion of sustainable national development in contracting carried out by the direct, autarchic and foundational federal public administration and dependent state companies, and establishes the Interministerial Commission for Sustainability in Public Administration - CISAP. and its amendments made by Decree 9.178 of 2017, and also Decree 10.936 of 2022. As well as knowledge about how to act, how to call on the general public to share in the legal responsibility of the environmental liabilities generated by the constant increase in solid waste in all cities, absorbing space, investments from public authorities and personnel, documents which are corroborated by the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards (ABNT), when through its component chambers and councils they formulate the Brazilian regulatory standards (NBR) with emphasis on NBR 10004/2004, whose scope includes the identification, analysis, cataloging and classification of solid and liquid waste, the assets most at risk to human beings and the environment. As Soni et al.,(2022) point out, managing solid waste in a sustainable way has become a major issue around the planet due to the problems that have been generated by the growing accumulation of this environmental liability in cities, causing public management to seek ways of reusing materials through applicable legislation and technological knowledge. Rare metals that can be retrieved from electronic devices(Nunes et al., 2021 ); (D’Adamo et al., 2019 ), and(Xu et al., 2021 ) and energy recovery from food waste (Bhatnagar et al., 2022 )(Winquist et al., 2019 ); (Ugwu et al., 2020a )are topics of scholarly study, discussion, and success that warrant greater attention not only from the academic community but also for their potential socioeconomic implications in the quest for sustainability. According to (Ugwu et al., 2020b), the reduction of waste on university campuses can be achieved through waste characterization, segregation, and recycling, which serve as initial steps towards responsible management and long-term sustainability. Despite the arduous nature of the process and the extended timeframe required for its implementation, all stakeholders are responsible for participating in the process. After verifying and quantifying the types of waste generated and establishing an integrated solid waste management system on campus, the next steps involve promoting awareness and implementing selective collection. Additionally, it is crucial to analyze the useful lifespan of electronics to foster the creation of environmentally conscious academic citizens(Rocha & Lemos, 2019 ). As confirmed by (Pompeu, 2011 ), university campuses share distinct similarities with small urban centers in terms of constant human activity and the production of predominantly non-hazardous solid waste. However, these campuses also possess significant potential for waste recovery.. 3-MATERIAL AND METHODS The initial discourse of this investigation concerns the systematic approach to be taken following extensive literature review on the topic, to ensure that the gathered information is not merely presented as irrelevant data, but rather that it produces an impact and becomes an additional resource in waste management. To depict the generation of solid waste at the Rio Verde Campus, we have opted to employ the approach advocated by NBR 10004/2004, modified to suit the needs of this study, and comprising not only an inventory but also an eventual proposition for the disposal of this waste, which we will present subsequently in this document. After conducting referential research and choosing the appropriate methodology, the directors responsible for each sector were requested to provide information directly by letter from the professor leading this study. Additionally, the consumption and disposal of these materials were verified during visits to the respective departments. Finally, the outsourced company was interviewed and provided information on the forms used. The data was collected bi-monthly over a six-month duration. These resources shall be utilized for this characterization: - A digital scale with a capacity of 25 kg; - Latex gloves for protection; - Masks; - Plastic packaging for repackaging after characterization and weighing. - 20 m2 of tarpaulin for waste disposal and subsequent packaging. A strategy for collecting gravimetric data was also drawn up, based entirely on the way in which the Campus's outsourced company carries out its maintenance, conservation, waste collection and segregation operations, resulting in the schematization proposed in Figure 1 below. The NBR 10007/2004 sampling methodology proposes composite sampling as the sum of individual residue plots to be studied, obtained from different points, depths, and/or times through sampling processes. These plots should be combined to achieve a homogeneous sample. Due to the greater number of collection points and the absence of accumulated volume within the campus, this study suggests the first adaptation to the proposed 4-RESULTS AND DISCUSSION During the course of the study, 23% of the five tons collected comprised thermoplastic, 11.8% cardboard, 13% food waste, and 20% food packaging. These findings demonstrated a mixture of thermoplastics and petroleum-based materials. Additionally, 0.6% comprised rejects, and 10% comprised leaves and fruit collected in he early, middle, or late stages of decomposition. On average, the proportion of wet waste in the first five months of the study was 20%. This study's proposed discussion is further enriched by these results. Table 1 Gravimetric results Waste collected February March April Mai June July August September October full total waste % Thermoplastics 107,5 60 166,1 166 73,5 123,4 202,9 163,2 112,2 1174,8 5008,34 23,45% Cardboard 52 39,9 97,6 108,6 48,5 76,6 61,6 92,8 14,5 592,1 5008,34 11,8% Food Waste 57 67,6 113,5 62,7 62 89,3 78,6 88,44 58,5 677,64 5008,38 13,5% Org Mat 62 48,7 92,4 65,4 42,2 0 35,5 88,8 105,2 540,2 5008,34 10,78% Plastics 54 74 117,9 105 108,1 122,6 181,8 132,2 123 1018,6 5008,34 20,33% Tailings 34,5 43,7 41,2 32,2 35 37,1 25,6 25,6 27,9 302,8 5008,34 6% subtotal 376 333,9 628,7 599,7 369,3 449 592 591,04 441,3 4380,94 Prepared by the author Borges ( 2021 ) discovered significant results in their diagnosis of the Center for Natural and Technological Sciences at the University of the State of Pará.Ribeiro et al(2022) also found similar results in their case study, which took place over the course of one week. In contrast,Rohrich ( 2022 ) indicate that while environmental sustainability in higher education has improved, distribution of relevant publications in 15 journals from 2006 to 2015 remains low with only 36 papers published. A study on voluntary drop-off points (PEVs) suggests that the recycling efforts on campus could be improved. The study utilized the recycling hierarchy principle, which involves removing wet material, waste, pruning, and mowing waste. Over the period of February to October 2022, a total of 5 tons of waste were collected, but 684.3 kg of plastic material and 274.3 kg of cardboard were still being improperly discarded at the remaining six collection points instead of being recycled. The study found no wooden or cardboard boxes, commonly used for packing equipment, present at the PEVs during the survey period. These results suggest that while the campus has a decent recycled material usage rate, there is still considerable scope for improvement.: Tabela 2- Gravimetria dos PEVs Spreadsheet of total waste generated month by month in kg (Feb/Oct − 2022) Total in kg 458,5 406,5 796,4 720,3 446,4 449 630,5 595,64 505,1 5008,34 114 130,4 214,3 209 96 158,2 198,8 216,5 111 1448,2 % PEVs/% total 0,248637 0,32079 0,269 0,2902 0,215054 0,352 0,315305 0,3634746 0,21976 0,289158 Prepared by the author Points 2, 3, 6, and 9 had a total volume of 499.1 kilograms of thermoplastics and 206.1 kilograms of cardboard that are recyclable. It can be inferred that the information regarding proper waste management, sorting, and segregation is familiar to those who dispose of waste in PEVs. However, the agents working there do not seem to apply it fully. The high amounts of thermoplastics at points 6 and 9 are due to their proximity to the teaching pavilions and research labs (point 6), as well as the canteen and cafeteria (point 9). This supports the need for improved solid waste management on campus, which could significantly reduce waste at the institution. The significant amount of food waste discovered amounts to 677.64 kg, which represents 13% of the total waste generated. This figure is comparable to the results presented by Boiteau ( 2023 ) in their study, where they found that the food retail industry generated 17% of food waste. The implications of this issue are immense, as food waste is commonly deposited in controlled or uncontrolled landfills, leading to the proliferation of disease-carrying organisms that pose a high risk to public health. The rate of thermoplastics, at 23.4%, warrants scrutiny, particularly in conjunction with 20.3% of food packaging that includes 0.05% plastic film, 5.2% PET bottles, 3.2% recyclable material bottles, and 11%. The study found that 6% of thermal lunchboxes have high potential for energy recovery. Discussions in the classroom and the flow of information have resulted in a small change in the disposal of these lunchboxes, as illustrated in the table below. However, the recycling hierarchy is not being applied to PEVs, and the per capita potential reported earlier shows a low rate of material being recycled. Considering that there are approximately 3,125 residents in the campus and they have produced a total of 5,008 kg of waste over a period of nine months, the calculated waste generation rate is 0.624 kg/day, which, when projected for 365 days, equates to 227.26 kg/inhab/year or 0.22t/year. This value falls within the range discovered by previous studies (He et al.,). 2023), The demographic density of the Campus concentration was calculated based on the active population and the largest area of 2,613.14 m 2 . The result is 1.19 inhabitants/m 2 , which is equivalent to Bangladesh's population density but with a lower amount of waste generated. Technical term abbreviations will be explained upon first use. Consistency in citation and footnote formatting will be maintained. Spelling, grammar, and punctuation errors will be corrected. Biased language, filler words, and ambiguous terms will be avoided. The language used will be formal, objective, and value-neutral, with hedging employed to make positions on subjects clear. The average of 28.9% indicates a significant amount of waste produced on campus. Upon closer examination, there was a 0.7% increase in disposal during the first two months, followed by a drop of 1.23% in March, and a subsequent 0.9% increase, leading to the aforementioned disposal average suitable for the use of PEVs. Badgett et al (2020) provide a summary of US policies and techniques regarding non-metallic organic solid waste. Landfills receiving over 50 tons of such materials yearly are subjected to state regulation. Simultaneously, a food hierarchy program was established in 2014 to reduce waste at the source, feed people in need, and feed animals. The authors discuss the promotion and expansion of composting in various American states. The www.biocycle.net initiative offers quality and traceability seals for bio-inputs obtained from composting, while the government grants tax exemption to these producers. 5-CONCLUSIONS The study's hypothesis satisfactorily addresses the waste generation problem on campus. The origin and composition of the waste can be useful for future waste management planning. The methodology's adaptation in IFGoiano-Campus Rio Verde is significant as it can demonstrate and contrast the data collected on waste generation, seasonality, and their types at different points from the standard's single sample. The amount of biomass waste is significant, with a noteworthy collection period from mid-August to the second half of November. This includes leaves, palm and coconut tree branches, orchard fruit, and material from at least four lawn trimmings from November to March. The waste has no defined energy use and is mostly disposed of at the ecopoint near the campus. The limited potential for energy recovery from the generated waste is evident, primarily used in the composting system to create bio-inputs for seedlings in the campus botanical garden. This process had concluded before the end of the study, and any remaining food waste, pruning, and mowing materials are disposed of in the city's recycling bins. There are currently no plans for or consideration of future energy usage. At the voluntary drop-off points (PEVs), a satisfactory level of discarded materials was noted, indicating an awareness of the importance of recycling and the correct materials to be used. Plastics and cardboard are collected by a municipal recycling cooperative. During the study period, 1,448.2 kilograms of waste were collected, which accounted for 28.9% of the generated waste. This result indicates that the disposed waste was correctly managed. Additionally, no irrelevant materials were identified in the PEVs, apart from those specifically attributed to the campus' internal processes. Declarations Ethics approval Data was not collected through questionnaires, nor was it carried out on humans or animals. The data collected and included in the study was done so with the permission of the institution and provided by its departments. Research funding No scholarship or funding of any kind was received for this study. Availability of Material Data the data presented in this study were collected at the institution with its permission and are set out in the scope of the study. References Badgett, A., & Milbrandt, A. (2020). A summary of standards and practices for wet waste streams used in waste-to-energy technologies in the United States . Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews , 117 , 109425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.109425 Bhatnagar, N., Ryan, D., Murphy, R., & Enright, A. M. (2022). A comprehensive review of green policy, anaerobic digestion of animal manure and chicken litter feedstock potential – Global and Irish perspective . Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews , 154 , 111884. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RSER.2021.111884 Boiteau, J. M., & Pingali, P. (2023). 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Hydrometallurgy , 202 , 105601. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HYDROMET.2021.105601 Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editor assigned by journal 21 Dec, 2023 Submission checks completed at journal 21 Dec, 2023 First submitted to journal 19 Dec, 2023 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3778824","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":263382907,"identity":"83f1db86-6849-4e73-b318-525498657bad","order_by":0,"name":"Marcos Fernandes de Oliveira","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Instituto Federal Goiano","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Marcos","middleName":"Fernandes","lastName":"de Oliveira","suffix":""},{"id":263382908,"identity":"812074f8-7a36-4722-a792-f1e4221efda8","order_by":1,"name":"Bruno de Oliveira Costa Couto","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Instituto Federal Goiano","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Bruno","middleName":"de Oliveira Costa","lastName":"Couto","suffix":""},{"id":263382909,"identity":"93b289c3-008f-40b9-97a4-83ab088bc179","order_by":2,"name":"Edio Damásio da Silva junior","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Instituto Federal Goiano","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Edio","middleName":"Damásio da Silva","lastName":"junior","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2023-12-19 22:44:10","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3778824/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3778824/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":50908194,"identity":"0d3bc306-cb21-4011-81e1-d53fc2c00169","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-02-09 11:28:05","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":86916,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eDistribution of waste segregation and collection points\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSource: Prepared by the author\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3778824/v1/7dba392f6e4460ecdbe2ba03.png"},{"id":50908949,"identity":"c2fa7cb1-b51c-47c6-b830-af676b7ccf9e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-02-09 11:36:34","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":885963,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3778824/v1/a5898e01-1044-4987-9679-ed496071be8b.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eQuali-quantitative Assessment of Solid Waste Generated at Ifgoiano- Rio Verde\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"1-INTRODUCTION","content":"\u003cp\u003eManaging solid waste presents a formidable challenge in the pursuit of sustainable energy security, and involves intricate socio-economic and cultural aspects. To achieve the goal of a circular economy (Nimita Jebaranjitham et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e), a change from the \"take-make-discard\" philosophy to a \"reduce-recycle-repair-reuse-share\" approach is imperative. The waste hierarchy index tool, developed by (Pires \u0026amp; Martinho, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e), is commonly utilized for enhancing the circular economy. However, no concrete evidence on its effectiveness has been demonstrated through indicators, with the recycling rate being the most commonly used indicator as noted by (Wuttke, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThus, the sustainable management of solid waste extends beyond environmental impacts and also encompasses economic challenges. To address these, techniques such as LCA - Life Cycle Assessment (Mulya et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e) and LCA - Life Cycle Impact Assessment(Woon et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e) are used, along with the costs associated with the proper implementation of waste incineration systems and the reduction of primary and secondary pollutants (Gu et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e), The proper implementation of waste incineration systems has been shown to reduce both primary and secondary pollutants, resulting in cost savings. Additionally, the evaluation of food waste and its associated energy loss is a tangible example of sustainable solid waste management(Wang et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTherefore, both the research and development sectors and academia have a critical role to play in identifying effective approaches to waste management. Techniques for remediating contamination and repurposing waste energy can both safeguard the environment and bolster the circular economy by turning waste into a valuable commodity.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study conducted by(Borges, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e) emphasizes the necessary actions for a university campus to achieve sustainable management of solid waste. Additionally, this effort may lead to improved management practices for solid waste. Such actions involve implementing environmental education in undergraduate and graduate courses to educate students as responsible citizens towards the planet. Other necessary actions include conducting a waste inventory, analyzing the useful life and material characterization, and developing a management plan.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe objective of this research, conducted at Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Rio Verde, was to perform a qualitative and quantitative inventory of the solid waste generated on campus and conduct a life cycle analysis of the waste. The study consisted of multiple stages and followed methodological procedures sourced from relevant literature, which were then tailored to fit the realities of the institution.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2- THEORETICAL REREFENTIAL","content":"\u003cp\u003eIt is also necessary to distinguish whether the concern with solid waste is based on the loss of economic activity or the need for environmental preservation(Hallak et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). It is also necessary to have a well-founded argument about how to proceed with such a socio-economically important issue, knowing the critical points, the techniques and tools available to manage liabilities and their application to reduce waste through broad strategies.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis discussion, followed by effective action, starts from the basic principle (Law 12.305/2010), Decree 7.746 of 2012, which regulates art. 3 of Law 8. 666, of June 21, 1993, to establish criteria and practices for the promotion of sustainable national development in contracting carried out by the direct, autarchic and foundational federal public administration and dependent state companies, and establishes the Interministerial Commission for Sustainability in Public Administration - CISAP. and its amendments made by Decree 9.178 of 2017, and also Decree 10.936 of 2022.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs well as knowledge about how to act, how to call on the general public to share in the legal responsibility of the environmental liabilities generated by the constant increase in solid waste in all cities, absorbing space, investments from public authorities and personnel, documents which are corroborated by the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards (ABNT), when through its component chambers and councils they formulate the Brazilian regulatory standards (NBR) with emphasis on NBR 10004/2004, whose scope includes the identification, analysis, cataloging and classification of solid and liquid waste, the assets most at risk to human beings and the environment.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs Soni et al.,(2022) point out, managing solid waste in a sustainable way has become a major issue around the planet due to the problems that have been generated by the growing accumulation of this environmental liability in cities, causing public management to seek ways of reusing materials through applicable legislation and technological knowledge.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRare metals that can be retrieved from electronic devices(Nunes et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e); (D\u0026rsquo;Adamo et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e), and(Xu et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e) and energy recovery from food waste (Bhatnagar et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e)(Winquist et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e); (Ugwu et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020a\u003c/span\u003e)are topics of scholarly study, discussion, and success that warrant greater attention not only from the academic community but also for their potential socioeconomic implications in the quest for sustainability.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAccording to (Ugwu et al., 2020b), the reduction of waste on university campuses can be achieved through waste characterization, segregation, and recycling, which serve as initial steps towards responsible management and long-term sustainability. Despite the arduous nature of the process and the extended timeframe required for its implementation, all stakeholders are responsible for participating in the process.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfter verifying and quantifying the types of waste generated and establishing an integrated solid waste management system on campus, the next steps involve promoting awareness and implementing selective collection. Additionally, it is crucial to analyze the useful lifespan of electronics to foster the creation of environmentally conscious academic citizens(Rocha \u0026amp; Lemos, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). As confirmed by (Pompeu, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2011\u003c/span\u003e), university campuses share distinct similarities with small urban centers in terms of constant human activity and the production of predominantly non-hazardous solid waste. However, these campuses also possess significant potential for waste recovery..\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"3-MATERIAL AND METHODS","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe initial discourse of this investigation concerns the systematic approach to be taken following extensive literature review on the topic, to ensure that the gathered information is not merely presented as irrelevant data, but rather that it produces an impact and becomes an additional resource in waste management.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo depict the generation of solid waste at the Rio Verde Campus, we have opted to employ the approach advocated by NBR 10004/2004, modified to suit the needs of this study, and comprising not only an inventory but also an eventual proposition for the disposal of this waste, which we will present subsequently in this document.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter conducting referential research and choosing the appropriate methodology, the directors responsible for each sector were requested to provide information directly by letter from the professor leading this study. Additionally, the consumption and disposal of these materials were verified during visits to the respective departments. Finally, the outsourced company was interviewed and provided information on the forms used.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data was collected bi-monthly over a six-month duration. These resources shall be utilized for this characterization:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e- A digital scale with a capacity of 25 kg;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e- Latex gloves for protection;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e- Masks;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e- Plastic packaging for repackaging after characterization and weighing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e- 20 m2 of tarpaulin for waste disposal and subsequent packaging.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA strategy for collecting gravimetric data was also drawn up, based entirely on the way in which the Campus\u0026apos;s outsourced company carries out its maintenance, conservation, waste collection and segregation operations, resulting in the schematization proposed in Figure 1 below.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe NBR 10007/2004 sampling methodology proposes composite sampling as the sum of individual residue plots to be studied, obtained from different points, depths, and/or times through sampling processes. These plots should be combined to achieve a homogeneous sample. Due to the greater number of collection points and the absence of accumulated volume within the campus, this study suggests the first adaptation to the proposed\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"4-RESULTS AND DISCUSSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eDuring the course of the study, 23% of the five tons collected comprised thermoplastic, 11.8% cardboard, 13% food waste, and 20% food packaging. These findings demonstrated a mixture of thermoplastics and petroleum-based materials. Additionally, 0.6% comprised rejects, and 10% comprised leaves and fruit collected in he early, middle, or late stages of decomposition. On average, the proportion of wet waste in the first five months of the study was 20%. This study's proposed discussion is further enriched by these results.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGravimetric results\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"13\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWaste collected\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFebruary\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarch\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eApril\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMai\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJune\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJuly\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAugust\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeptember\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOctober\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003efull\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003etotal waste\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThermoplastics\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e107,5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e166,1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e166\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73,5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e123,4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e202,9\u003c/p\u003e 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char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e108,6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48,5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e76,6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61,6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e92,8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14,5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e592,1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5008,34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11,8%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFood Waste\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e57\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67,6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e113,5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62,7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e89,3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78,6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e88,44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58,5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e677,64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5008,38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13,5%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrg Mat\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48,7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e92,4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65,4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42,2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35,5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e88,8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e105,2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e540,2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5008,34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10,78%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlastics\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e117,9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e105\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e108,1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e122,6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e181,8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e132,2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e123\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1018,6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5008,34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20,33%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTailings\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34,5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43,7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41,2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32,2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37,1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25,6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25,6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27,9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e302,8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5008,34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esubtotal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e376\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e333,9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e628,7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e599,7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e369,3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e449\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e592\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e591,04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e441,3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4380,94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrepared by the author\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBorges (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e) discovered significant results in their diagnosis of the Center for Natural and Technological Sciences at the University of the State of Par\u0026aacute;.Ribeiro et al(2022) also found similar results in their case study, which took place over the course of one week. In contrast,Rohrich (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e) indicate that while environmental sustainability in higher education has improved, distribution of relevant publications in 15 journals from 2006 to 2015 remains low with only 36 papers published.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA study on voluntary drop-off points (PEVs) suggests that the recycling efforts on campus could be improved. The study utilized the recycling hierarchy principle, which involves removing wet material, waste, pruning, and mowing waste. Over the period of February to October 2022, a total of 5 tons of waste were collected, but 684.3 kg of plastic material and 274.3 kg of cardboard were still being improperly discarded at the remaining six collection points instead of being recycled. The study found no wooden or cardboard boxes, commonly used for packing equipment, present at the PEVs during the survey period. These results suggest that while the campus has a decent recycled material usage rate, there is still considerable scope for improvement.:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTabela 2- Gravimetria dos PEVs\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"No\" id=\"Taba\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"14\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c14\" colnum=\"14\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"14\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSpreadsheet of total waste generated month by month in kg (Feb/Oct \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;2022)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal in kg\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e458,5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e406,5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e796,4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e720,3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e446,4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e449\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e630,5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e595,64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e505,1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5008,34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e114\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e130,4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e214,3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e209\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e158,2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e198,8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e216,5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e111\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1448,2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e% PEVs/% total\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,248637\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,32079\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,269\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,2902\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,215054\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,352\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,315305\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,3634746\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,21976\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,289158\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"14\"\u003ePrepared by the author\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePoints 2, 3, 6, and 9 had a total volume of 499.1 kilograms of thermoplastics and 206.1 kilograms of cardboard that are recyclable. It can be inferred that the information regarding proper waste management, sorting, and segregation is familiar to those who dispose of waste in PEVs. However, the agents working there do not seem to apply it fully. The high amounts of thermoplastics at points 6 and 9 are due to their proximity to the teaching pavilions and research labs (point 6), as well as the canteen and cafeteria (point 9). This supports the need for improved solid waste management on campus, which could significantly reduce waste at the institution.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe significant amount of food waste discovered amounts to 677.64 kg, which represents 13% of the total waste generated. This figure is comparable to the results presented by Boiteau (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e) in their study, where they found that the food retail industry generated 17% of food waste. The implications of this issue are immense, as food waste is commonly deposited in controlled or uncontrolled landfills, leading to the proliferation of disease-carrying organisms that pose a high risk to public health.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe rate of thermoplastics, at 23.4%, warrants scrutiny, particularly in conjunction with 20.3% of food packaging that includes 0.05% plastic film, 5.2% PET bottles, 3.2% recyclable material bottles, and 11%. The study found that 6% of thermal lunchboxes have high potential for energy recovery. Discussions in the classroom and the flow of information have resulted in a small change in the disposal of these lunchboxes, as illustrated in the table below. However, the recycling hierarchy is not being applied to PEVs, and the per capita potential reported earlier shows a low rate of material being recycled.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConsidering that there are approximately 3,125 residents in the campus and they have produced a total of 5,008 kg of waste over a period of nine months, the calculated waste generation rate is 0.624 kg/day, which, when projected for 365 days, equates to 227.26 kg/inhab/year or 0.22t/year. This value falls within the range discovered by previous studies (He et al.,). 2023), The demographic density of the Campus concentration was calculated based on the active population and the largest area of 2,613.14 m\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e. The result is 1.19 inhabitants/m\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e, which is equivalent to Bangladesh's population density but with a lower amount of waste generated. Technical term abbreviations will be explained upon first use. Consistency in citation and footnote formatting will be maintained. Spelling, grammar, and punctuation errors will be corrected. Biased language, filler words, and ambiguous terms will be avoided. The language used will be formal, objective, and value-neutral, with hedging employed to make positions on subjects clear.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe average of 28.9% indicates a significant amount of waste produced on campus. Upon closer examination, there was a 0.7% increase in disposal during the first two months, followed by a drop of 1.23% in March, and a subsequent 0.9% increase, leading to the aforementioned disposal average suitable for the use of PEVs.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBadgett et al (2020) provide a summary of US policies and techniques regarding non-metallic organic solid waste. Landfills receiving over 50 tons of such materials yearly are subjected to state regulation. Simultaneously, a food hierarchy program was established in 2014 to reduce waste at the source, feed people in need, and feed animals. The authors discuss the promotion and expansion of composting in various American states. The \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"http://www.biocycle.net\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ewww.biocycle.net\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"http://www.biocycle.net\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e initiative offers quality and traceability seals for bio-inputs obtained from composting, while the government grants tax exemption to these producers.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"5-CONCLUSIONS","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe study's hypothesis satisfactorily addresses the waste generation problem on campus. The origin and composition of the waste can be useful for future waste management planning. The methodology's adaptation in IFGoiano-Campus Rio Verde is significant as it can demonstrate and contrast the data collected on waste generation, seasonality, and their types at different points from the standard's single sample.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe amount of biomass waste is significant, with a noteworthy collection period from mid-August to the second half of November. This includes leaves, palm and coconut tree branches, orchard fruit, and material from at least four lawn trimmings from November to March. The waste has no defined energy use and is mostly disposed of at the ecopoint near the campus.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe limited potential for energy recovery from the generated waste is evident, primarily used in the composting system to create bio-inputs for seedlings in the campus botanical garden. This process had concluded before the end of the study, and any remaining food waste, pruning, and mowing materials are disposed of in the city's recycling bins. There are currently no plans for or consideration of future energy usage.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAt the voluntary drop-off points (PEVs), a satisfactory level of discarded materials was noted, indicating an awareness of the importance of recycling and the correct materials to be used.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePlastics and cardboard are collected by a municipal recycling cooperative. During the study period, 1,448.2 kilograms of waste were collected, which accounted for 28.9% of the generated waste. This result indicates that the disposed waste was correctly managed. Additionally, no irrelevant materials were identified in the PEVs, apart from those specifically attributed to the campus' internal processes.\u003c/p\u003e "},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003eEthics approval\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData was not collected through questionnaires, nor was it carried out on humans or animals. The data collected and included in the study was done so with the permission of the institution and provided by its departments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearch funding\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo scholarship or funding of any kind was received for this study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAvailability of Material Data\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ethe data presented in this study were collected at the institution with its permission and are set out in the scope of the study.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eBadgett, A., \u0026amp; Milbrandt, A. 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(2016). \u003cstrong\u003eEnvironmental assessment of food waste valorization in producing biogas for various types of energy use based on LCA approach\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eWaste Management\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e50\u003c/em\u003e, 290\u0026ndash;299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2016.02.022\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWuttke,\u0026nbsp;J. (2018). \u003cstrong\u003eThe Circular Economy Package of the European Union\u003c/strong\u003e (pp. 251\u0026ndash;262). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50079-9_15\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eXu,\u0026nbsp;L., Xiong, Y., Wang, L., Tian, Y., Tong, B., You, J., \u0026amp; Zhao, Z. (2021). \u003cstrong\u003eA novel method for selective recovery of indium from end-of-life liquid crystal displays by 15-crown-5 ether and its derivatives\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eHydrometallurgy\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003e202\u003c/em\u003e, 105601. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.HYDROMET.2021.105601\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"carbon-balance-and-management","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"cbam","sideBox":"Learn more about [Carbon Balance and Management](https://cbmjournal.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"13021","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/13021/3","title":"Carbon Balance and Management","twitterHandle":"@BioMedCentral","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Solid waste management. Inventory of gas emissions. Solid waste in Educational Institution","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3778824/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3778824/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eOn a university campus, the diversity of types of waste is substantially relevant, as there are theoretical and practical classes, laboratory and field tests, maintenance of furniture, utensils and installations, in addition to a pulsating community that uses the campus space intensively for much of its day, including its food. In view of the above, this study aimed to carry out a qualitative and quantitative inventory of the solid waste generated on the premises of the Instituto Federal Goiano - Campus Rio Verde, using the methodological procedures suggested by NBR 10004/2004 with adaptations for the campus. Nine collection points were evaluated, listed from one to nine, three of which were voluntary drop-off points (PEVs), identified as 1, 5 and 7. The remaining six were distributed around the campus in areas close to laboratories and classrooms. The evaluation period ran from February to October 2022, with two monthly collections, always on days before the municipal public service's known collection times. The research was divided into two stages, the first of which was to apply questionnaires assessing consumption and waste generation, surveying the type of material generated, the frequency of disposal, the destination of this material and forms of packaging for segregation. This was followed by a gravimetric survey of nine identified and mapped collection points. The aim was to identify the profile of waste-producing agents, the amount generated, segregated and sent for recycling, what is sent to the municipal landfill and its possibility of recovery. A total of 5,008.34 kg of solid waste was collected, of which 23.4% was thermoplastics, 11.8% cardboard, 13% food waste, and 28.9% was collected at voluntary drop-off points by recycling cooperatives. The study also found that at points 2, 3, 6 and 8, the volumes of thermoplastics and cardboard are higher than those disposed of at the PEVs, demonstrating that although there is a perception of the importance of recycling, it is still deficient. projecting for one year based on the amount found, in the area used by the Campus, an amount of 0.22t/inhab/year of solid waste generation was obtained\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Quali-quantitative Assessment of Solid Waste Generated at Ifgoiano- Rio Verde","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-02-09 11:28:00","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3778824/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2023-12-21T13:00:45+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2023-12-21T13:00:44+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Carbon Balance and Management","date":"2023-12-19T22:32:34+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"carbon-balance-and-management","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"cbam","sideBox":"Learn more about [Carbon Balance and Management](https://cbmjournal.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"13021","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/13021/3","title":"Carbon Balance and Management","twitterHandle":"@BioMedCentral","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC/SO AJ","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"9d622dd9-722c-4e95-8546-f60cb1a30fba","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 9th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-05-01T01:45:18+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-02-09 11:28:00","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-3778824","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-3778824","identity":"rs-3778824","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}