Repeated respiratory viral infections early in life predict allergy in young adults with allergic parents

Repeated respiratory viral infections early in life predict allergy in young adults with allergic parents | Authorea try { document.documentElement.classList.add('js'); } catch (e) { } var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'G-8VDV14Y67G']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); Skip to main content Preprints Collections Wiley Open Research IET Open Research Ecological Society of Japan All Collections About About Authorea FAQs Contact Us Quick Search anywhere Search for preprint articles, keywords, etc. Search Search ADVANCED SEARCH SCROLL This is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 20 June 2025 V1 Latest version Share on Repeated respiratory viral infections early in life predict allergy in young adults with allergic parents Authors : Ulrika Hellberg 0009-0001-9545-5838 [email protected] , Eva Sverremark , Anna Nopp , Hans Järnbert-Pettersson , and Caroline Nilsson Authors Info & Affiliations https://doi.org/10.22541/au.175041444.43508782/v1 228 views 132 downloads Contents Abstract Supplementary Material Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract Background: Early-life viral infections have been linked to both protection and an increased risk for allergic disease later in life. Causative relationships have been difficult to prove and most likely both timing and the type of infection(s) are of importance. The aim was to examine how early-life viral infections influence allergy prevalence at 20 years of age. Methods: In total, 281 individuals born into the cohort of parents well-characterized regarding allergy and categorized in three heredity groups by parental allergy (diagnosed as IgE-sensitized and allergic symptoms), were followed to 20 years of age. Viral infections were documented both as parent-reported between 0-2 years and seropositivity against 13 viruses at 2 years of age. Results: Allergic individuals experienced significantly more respiratory viral infections in their first two years of life, with 59% having many (11–22) infections compared to 36% of non-allergic individuals, (p=0.005). Cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity at two years of age showed a significant association (p=0.026) with allergy by age 20. In the logistic regression and classification tree, allergic heredity, specifically having two allergic parents, was the strongest risk factor for allergy at 20 years. Conclusion: Children with allergic parents have a high risk of developing allergies by age 20, and it is exacerbated if they experience frequent respiratory viral infections and early CMV exposure. Preventive measures to reduce the burden of respiratory infections during the first two years of life may help reduce this risk. Supplementary Material File (figure_1.png.docx) Download 58.75 KB File (figure_2.png_.docx) Download 32.71 KB File (figure_3.png.docx) Download 27.23 KB File (manuscript_repeated respiratory viral infections in early age and allergy as young adult_hellberg.docx) Download 120.65 KB Information & Authors Information Version history V1 Version 1 20 June 2025 Copyright This work is licensed under a Non Exclusive No Reuse License. Keywords clinical immunology environment and hygiene hypothesis genetics ige infections prevention virus Authors Affiliations Ulrika Hellberg 0009-0001-9545-5838 [email protected] Karolinska Institutet Institutionen for klinisk forskning och utbildning Sodersjukhuset View all articles by this author Eva Sverremark Stockholms universitet Institutionen for Molekylar Biovetenskap View all articles by this author Anna Nopp Karolinska Institutet Institutionen for klinisk forskning och utbildning Sodersjukhuset View all articles by this author Hans Järnbert-Pettersson Karolinska Institutet Institutionen for klinisk forskning och utbildning Sodersjukhuset View all articles by this author Caroline Nilsson Karolinska Institutet Institutionen for klinisk forskning och utbildning Sodersjukhuset View all articles by this author Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 228 views 132 downloads .FvxKWukQNSOunydq8rnd { width: 100px; } Citations Download citation Ulrika Hellberg, Eva Sverremark, Anna Nopp, et al. Repeated respiratory viral infections early in life predict allergy in young adults with allergic parents. Authorea . 20 June 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.175041444.43508782/v1 If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download. For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu . 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