Biodiesel Production from Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae via In-situ Interesterification Reaction with Biocatalyst from Rhizopus oryzae in Different Reactors ​

Biodiesel Production from Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae via In-situ Interesterification Reaction with Biocatalyst from Rhizopus oryzae in Different Reactors ​ | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Biodiesel Production from Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae via In-situ Interesterification Reaction with Biocatalyst from Rhizopus oryzae in Different Reactors ​ Muhammad Yusuf Abduh, Muhammad Zaki Arrazi, Najwa Naila Salsabila, and 4 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9289515/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study aimed to synthesize whole-cell biocatalysts from R. oryzae and apply them for in-situ interesterification of BSFL using methyl acetate and compare the yield and quality of biodiesel produced in stirred tank reactor (STR), continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), and continuous centrifugal contactor separator (CCCS). Whole-cell biocatalysts from R. oryzae were successfully synthesized with enzymatic activity of 4014.95 U/g and applied in an in-situ interesterification of BSFL lipid using methyl acetate to produce crude biodiesel. At a rotational speed of 180 rpm, the crude biodiesel yield illustrates similar profile for all reactors, with the highest yield after 20 h at 95.87 ± 1.88% (STR) and 94.19 ± 0.62% (CSTR), although no significant yield differences were observed after 16 h. The CCCS achieved the highest yield (94.49 ± 0.30%) at a higher rotational speed (2100 rpm). At steady-state, volumetric productivity ranged between 2.08–2.98 kg·m⁻³min⁻¹. Ester and triacetin contents of the biodiesel ranged from 75.46 to 75.67% and 18.80 to 18.92%. Physicochemical properties particularly density, water content, and kinematic viscosity met standard biodiesel specifications with no significant differences across reactors. The higher heating value ranged between 40.39–40.69 MJ/kg. These findings demonstrate BSFL’s considerable potential as an alternative feedstock for producing biodiesel. Black soldier fly larvae In-situ interesterification Methyl acetate R. oryzae Whole-cell biocatalyst Full Text Supplementary Files Graphicalabstract.jpg Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9289515","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":620642458,"identity":"1263ba2f-048a-4205-a5ff-8be95c0a284a","order_by":0,"name":"Muhammad Yusuf 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biocatalyst","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9289515/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9289515/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis study aimed to synthesize whole-cell biocatalysts from \u003cem\u003eR. oryzae\u003c/em\u003e and apply them for in-situ interesterification of BSFL using methyl acetate and compare the yield and quality of biodiesel produced in stirred tank reactor (STR), continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), and continuous centrifugal contactor separator (CCCS). Whole-cell biocatalysts from \u003cem\u003eR. oryzae\u003c/em\u003e were successfully synthesized with enzymatic activity of 4014.95 U/g and applied in an in-situ interesterification of BSFL lipid using methyl acetate to produce crude biodiesel. At a rotational speed of 180 rpm, the crude biodiesel yield illustrates similar profile for all reactors, with the highest yield after 20 h at 95.87\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1.88% (STR) and 94.19\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.62% (CSTR), although no significant yield differences were observed after 16 h. The CCCS achieved the highest yield (94.49\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.30%) at a higher rotational speed (2100 rpm). At steady-state, volumetric productivity ranged between 2.08\u0026ndash;2.98 kg\u0026middot;m⁻\u0026sup3;min⁻\u0026sup1;. Ester and triacetin contents of the biodiesel ranged from 75.46 to 75.67% and 18.80 to 18.92%. Physicochemical properties particularly density, water content, and kinematic viscosity met standard biodiesel specifications with no significant differences across reactors. The higher heating value ranged between 40.39\u0026ndash;40.69 MJ/kg. 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