Phylofloristics: visual analysis using VOSviewer and CiteSpace

Phylofloristics: visual analysis using VOSviewer and CiteSpace | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Phylofloristics: visual analysis using VOSviewer and CiteSpace Xinxin Yang, Zhang Shujun Zhang, Jian Luo This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2686075/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The study of phylogenetic zones of plants provides a good insight into the biogeographic and ecological processes of zone formation and a clear understanding of the nature and origin of biodiversity hotspots. The literature in the Web of Science core dataset was analyzed using bibliometric methods combined with CiteSpace 5.0, VOSviewer 1.6.18 visualization software, and Excel software to reveal the characteristics, hotspots, and evolutionary trends of this field over the past 35 years. The research on plant phylogenetic systematics has been increasing at home and abroad, and the main research force is mainly in the United States. Among these research institutions, the Chinese Academy of Sciences has published more frequently than other institutions and conducted a considerable among of research in this field. The relevant research conducted in this field is mainly focused on ecology, with significant interdisciplinary characteristics and the closest connection between ecology and other disciplines. The hotspot research topics at each stage are closely related in the field of plant phylogenetic systematics. These topics at each stage have a strong knowledge transmission relationship in the field of plant phylogeny and show a trend of further development based on the original foundation. In the future, the cross-fertilization of disciplines will be further promoted to realize the following objectives: strengthen mechanistic studies, combine different research methods of phylogenetic tree construction and model prediction in different phyla, understand the dynamic changes of plant communities, ecosystems, and global scale biodiversity from new perspectives, and provide the scientific basis for effective conservation of species and clarification of the evolutionary history and formation mechanism of phyla. Thus, it is still a popular research direction in the field of plant phylogenetic systematics. Phylofloristics Literature measurement Research Hotspots Development Trends Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Background Phylofloristic studies initially focused on the taxonomic classification and cluster analysis of plant composition according to the geographical area of distribution of families, genera, and species and the comparison with the flora of neighboring areas to explore the origin, nature, and status of the flora to reflect the evolutionary history of the flora of a certain area (Baskin and Baskin, 2016; Elton, 1946; Lu et al., 2018a; Yu et al., 2018). However, these analyses disregard the totality of regional species, ignore the phylogenetic relationships among species or taxa, and complicate the identification of the degree of similarity in evolutionary history among different lineages (Borsch and Quandt, 2009). With the continuous study of plant phylogeny, the concept of phylofloristics has emerged (Swenson and Umaña, 2014). This concept has been developed and improved, and additional scientific methods have surfaced to solve the problem of studying the unity of lineage and interspecific relationships. Using species in the region to construct phylogenetic trees to analyze the evolutionary history of the lineages, the construction of interspecies affinities provided by the phylogenetic tree of the flora involved the combination of evolutionary factors in the formation and development (Borsch and Quandt, 2009), thus revealing the patterns of lineage origin and evolution and predicting the future evolution of plants by building models (Yesson and Culham, 2006). The theory considers the evolutionary relationships of species as a whole in the study area, explains the biogeographic as well as ecological processes of lineage formation effectively, and provides quantifiable indicators and superior ways to influence modern flora and compare the degree of phylogenetic similarity among different lineages (Forest et al., 2007a; Kooyman et al., 2011; Qian et al., 2013). For example, Li Rong et al. (2015) used the geographic distribution of 1983 genera of wild seed plants and their phylogenetic relationships and analyzed them by calculating the composition among species and indicators of phylogenetic diversity to reclassify the flora of Yunnan from an evolutionary perspective. They also analyzed the phylogenetic structure of different regions to understand the nature and origin of biodiversity hotspots in Yunnan effectively (Li et al., 2015). A review of the existing literature reveals that only a few studies provide a complete picture of the developmental process of phylogenetic lineage studies. The studies that have been conducted have mainly reviewed the literature and concluded a lack of work on the evolutionary process of plant phylogeny over a long period in the course of its developmental history using multiple research methods and tools (Jaidka et al., 2013). Therefore, this study used the bibliometric analysis provided by CiteSpace 5.0 and VOSviewer 1.6.18 visualization software to investigate the trends of publications (Feng et al., 2022; Li et al., 2019), research hotspot countries/regions, institutions, major publishing journals, research hotspot themes, and evolution of research on plant phylogeny zoology with the Web of Science core dataset. The research process is shown in Figure 1. 1 Data And Methods 1.1 Data source The Web of Science core database was used in this paper as the basis, and the search formula was constructed as “(ALL = plant OR ALL = plants) AND ((TS = (“phylogenetic diversity”) OR TS = (“phylogenetic structure”) OR TS = (“phylogenetic relatedness”)).” The type of literature was limited to “Artic or Review Artic or Early Access or Data paper,” and then the search results were exported in plain text format. “All records with cited references” was selected. A total of 2848 documents were finally obtained after filtering, removing duplicates, and eliminating irrelevant documents, and the research data set was then constructed. The search formula is also constructed, and the data are exported as shown in Figure 2. 1.2 Research Methodology The frequency and centrality of the country, institution, and major journals, as well as the intensity and duration of country and keyword emergence, were calculated with the help of CiteSpace 5.0 software. VOSviewer 1.6.18 visualization software was also used to map the distribution of countries, institutions, and journals, analyze the information of publication volume, publication countries, institutions, and disciplines in the field of plant phylogenetic systematics, and examined the research hot spots and their development process by combining the keywords and citations in the literature. The number of publications, countries, institutions, and disciplines in the field of phylogeny, as well as the hotspots of research and their development process, was also analyzed by combining literature keywords and citations to reveal the current status and future development of research in this field for 35 years. 2 Results 2.1 Analysis of the volume of published research literature The change in the number of research literature publications conducted on phylofloristics during the period 1988–2022 (Figure 3) shows an upward trend, and phylofloristics research can be divided into three phases based on the trend (Table 1). The first stage was the exploration and development stage (1988–1999) and the cumulative number of articles published in this stage was 30, which has an annual average of 2.50 articles, accounting for 1.05% of the total number of articles published. This finding shows a slow growth trend, which may be related to the immature scientific research tools and experiences at that time and the low importance attached to the research in this area. The second phase is the accelerated growth phase (2000–2011) and the cumulative number of publications in this phase is 417, with an annual average of 34.75 publications, accounting for 14.64% of the total number of publications and demonstrating a rapid growth. This finding may be related to the deepening research on flora (De Vries and Archibald, 2018; Hua, 2013; Lu et al., 2018b; Steinthorsdottir et al., 2021), plant composition, and phylogeny of plants and the increasing attention to this aspect of research; since then, phylofloristics research by scholars has continued to increase in interest. The third phase is the explosive growth phase (2011–2022), in which the cumulative number of publications reached 2401, with an annual average of 218.27, accounting for 84.31% of the total number of publications and demonstrating a rapid growth. With further research, the maturation of research methods and techniques in the field of phylofloristics research considered the holistic nature between regional species and phylogenetic relationships among species or taxa, revealing the relevance and similarity of evolutionary history among different lineages (Cadotte et al., 2010; Erickson et al., 2014; Srivastava et al., 2012). The research of phylofloristics has provided additional research methods and popular directions for the study of flora (Donoghue, 2008), which has led to a new growth in the study of phylofloristics, which is still increasing. Table 1 Distribution of the number of papers output in the three stages Stage Time horizon Number of papers Percentage of thesis output by stage Average Explore the development stage 1988–1999 30 1.05% 2.5 Accelerated growth phase 2000–2011 417 14.64% 34.75 Explosive growth phase 2012–2022 2401 84.31% 218.27 2.2 Global Phylofloristics Research International Research Partnerships and Discipline Distribution 2.2.1 International Research Partnerships An important direction to promote development and innovation is reflected in research and cooperation between countries/regions (Liu et al., 2015). An analysis of the literature originating from 89 countries/regions yielded the top 10 countries considering frequency of publication (Table 2 and Figure 4), while an analysis of the literature originating from 327 institutions yielded a mapping of institutional cooperation networks (Table 2 and Figure 5). Table 2 Top 10 countries/regions and institutions considering number of articles issued Country Freq Centrality Time of first article Country Institution Freq Centrality Time of first article USA 1021 0.04 1988 China Chinese Acad Sci 296 0.08 2004 China 618 0.00 2004 China Univ Chinese Acad Sci 95 0.00 2014 Germany 307 0.34 2000 Spain CSIC 82 0.07 2004 England 262 0.08 1997 USA Univ Minnesota 74 0.10 2006 Canada 258 0.00 1995 USA Univ Calif Berkeley 54 0.05 1998 French 253 0.46 1999 Switzerland Univ Zurich 52 0.11 2011 Spain 240 0.00 2004 USA Univ Florida 52 0.14 2008 Brazil 228 0.00 1994 USA Univ Calif Davis 51 0.12 1998 Australia 203 0.12 1998 Canada Univ Toronto 50 0.07 1999 Switzerland 175 0.49 1999 Germany German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv 50 0.19 2014 Considering frequency of publication, the United States tops the list, followed by China, Germany, England, Canada, and France, all of which are above 250; considering centrality, Switzerland (0.49) is the highest, followed by French (0.46); considering the time of entry into research, Switzerland (0.49) was the highest, followed by French (0.46). The study of plant phylogenetic systematics has formed a large network of cooperation between countries/regions, and the cooperation between different countries/regions is relatively close. Switzerland has the closest cooperation with all countries/regions in the world and has a clear grouping. China ranks second in the number of relevant research publications but its centrality is low. This phenomenon indicates that China’s cooperation with other countries in this field is slightly close, and international cooperation and influence must be further improved. The analysis of research institutions provides a clear picture of the research units with a strong influence (Fang et al., 2018). Combining Table 2 and Figure 5, the top 10 Chinese institutions researching this field have two institutions with the highest total publication frequency: the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences. The frequency of publications of the Chinese Academy of Sciences far exceeded the other institutions up to 296, indicating that the institution has additional research in this field. The two Chinese institutions have a total publication frequency of 391 articles, accounting for 45.68% of the total publication frequency of the top 10 institutions. However, the centrality of their institutions is relatively low, further verifying that China has less close cooperation with other countries in this field; followed by the United States, with four of the top 10 institutions in this field, namely Univ Minnesota, Univ Calif Berkeley, Univ Minnesota, Univ Florida, and Univ Calif Davis, accounting for the largest number of the top 10 institutions. The four institutions published 231 articles, accounting for 26.99% of the total frequency of the top 10 institutions, and each institution has a high centrality, indicating close cooperation with other institutions. Among the top 10 institutions, Spain ranks third in the frequency of institutional publications in this field, with one CSIC among the top 10 institutions. Among the top 10 institutions, one CSIC had 82 articles, accounting for 9.58% of the total number of articles published by the top 10 institutions. In addition, the centrality of German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv in Germany is 0.19, which is larger than other institutions, indicating the closest cooperation between this institution and other institutions. Meanwhile, the top 10 institutions belong to the representative institutions in this field, with considerable international and national influence. 2.2.2 Discipline and journal distribution of related literature The analysis of the published journals can provide a scientific clarification of the subject area direction of plant phylogenetic systematics and an important reference for the subsequent publication of the results (Shen et al., 2022). Figure 6 reflects the distribution of disciplines and journals in phylogenetic lineage research. In the WOS Core Collection database, journals with wide influence in this field include Ecology Letters, Ecology, Journal of Ecology, The American Naturalist, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, PLOS ONE, Journal of Vegetation Science, Ecology and Evolution, and Journal of Plant Phylogeny. Functional Ecology and Journal of Plant Ecology mainly focused on the field of ecology. This is followed by biology, molecular systematics, biogeography, plant science, natural science, environmental science, ecology and evolution, and forestry science. The strong crossover between disciplines and the significant crossover characteristics indicate that plant phylogenetic systematics is a discipline with strong integrated research and analysis. Among these findings, ecology is most closely related to other disciplines. 2.3 Research hotspots and development trend analysis 2.3.1 High frequency keyword analysis The analysis of the published journals can provide a scientific clarification of the subject area direction of plant phylogenetics. The keywords of the literature can provide a high level of summarization and condensation of the article content and reflect the research hotspots in the research field (Chen et al., 2012; Pan et al., 2018; Song et al., 2016). Mapping keyword time zones can generally show the temporal flow and thematic evolution path of the research hotspots in the field (Hou et al., 2018). In this study, the 2848 extracted keywords with research on plant phylogenetic chronology were imported into CiteSpace 5.0 software, the literature screening range was 1988–2022, the time slice was set to 2 years, the keywords with frequencies larger than 45 (the first 50) were labeled for display, the co-occurrence was visualized, and the time zone map was selected for presentation, as shown in Figure 6. The nodes and lines of different colors in the figure represent various time slices, transitioning from dark blue to dark red: dark blue (1988) and red (2022) represent the starting and end points of the time slice, respectively. Different circular nodes correspond to the equivalent keywords; a large node circle represents the high frequency of the keyword, Moreover, the position of the node indicates its earliest appearance: the keyword appears numerous times in the time slice represented by the color change when the keyword node has a thick layer of annual wheel. The line between the nodes indicates that the keyword appeared simultaneously in the same literature with another keyword. The color of the line corresponds to the year when the two keywords first appeared in the same article simultaneously, and the thickness of the line represents the number of co-occurrence and the closeness of the relationship: the relationship is close when the line is thick and vice versa (Li et al., 2017). The general developmental characteristics of phylogenetic zoology studies of plants can be summarized in accordance with the timeline. Figure 6 shows the following. (1) The main keywords in the 1990s were phylogenetic structure, identification, phylogeny, phylogenetic diversity, diversity, pattern, community, evolution, competition, and conservation. Research during this stage was mainly focused on exploring the species composition of various regions, the distribution of plant resources, the evolutionary history of plants in different regions, identification of species, interspecific relationships, and conservation research in biodiversity hotspots. The research direction was clear at this time. The term phylogenetic structure first appeared in 1992, indicating that the research on phylogenetic phylogeny has gradually developed in the direction of interspecific relationships and ecological conservation, with increasing emphasis on the holistic nature of phylogeographic systems. This term has also begun to be applied to the phylogeny of different phylogeographic systems. (2) In the 21st century, terms such as biodiversity, biogeography, species richness, community structure, ecology, plant community, niche conservatism, trait, and species, as well as terms including diversity, community assembly, beta diversity, plant diversity, climate change, and forest, indicate that the study of a certain region has placed remarkable emphasis on the totality of the system and ecological niche with further research and optimization and innovation of research methods. Meanwhile, the study of phylogenetic systematics considers the influence of different factors on the formation and evolution of plants and then predicts the development and future evolution of plants in different regions (Wiens and Graham, 2005). The study of flora at this stage has become a new hotspot, and the methods for estimating a particular flora and the quantitative assessment of the plants of the region are rational, which, in turn, provides a basis for prioritizing different regions for conservation. (3) The keywords functional diversity, functional trait, productivity, mechanism, limiting similarity, gradient, facilitation, vegetation, impact, and phylogenetic diversity have been used to describe the phylogeny of plants. The emergence of assemblage, global pattern, and r package marked the enrichment of the hypothesis of plant phylogenetic systematics while considering the functional and diversity traits of different plant lineages. This enrichment aims to avoid overly intense interspecific competition leading to interspecific competitive exclusion (Götzenberger et al., 2012). With the emergence of the term r package (r package), the study of phylogenetic zoology of plants has marked a considerable focus on the holistic nature of the zones and the degree of the phylogeny. In addition, the close connection of nodes between time zones indicates that the field of plant phylogenetic zoology still possesses strong knowledge transfer relationships and the tendency to further develop on the original basis in different time periods. 2.3.2 Citation clustering analysis Frequent citation of literature in the same field or similar to the article content indicates their common related research directions. Exploring the co-citation of articles and performing co-citation analysis can cluster related references in groups according to the similarity of content, thus further clarifying the research hotspots in this field (Wu et al., 2020). A total of 2848 articles on plant phylogenetic systematics were clustered in this paper, and the cluster names were calculated by log-likelihood ratio algorithm, where a node represents literature and the line between nodes represents its co-citation relationship, resulting in a citation clustering network map (Figure 7). In this map, modularity Q = 0.9473 and mean silhouette = 0.5167, indicating that clustering the structure is significant and reasonable. The small cluster serial number indicates additional literature. The cluster labels are extracted from the titles of the most influential articles; thus, the labels cannot summarize all the contents of the articles in the clusters. Therefore, the selected literature in this paper contained more than 20 (the first six clusters) for specific analysis, and the other clusters contained only a few literature and were insufficiently representative to conduct specific analysis. Cluster labels from 0–5 are presented sequentially: #0 facilitation, #1 phylogenetic relatedness, #2 associational resistance, #3 limiting similarity, #4 primer extension, and #5 polymerase chain reaction. The articles in Cluster #0 focus on different research methods to understand the processes of species assembly, coexistence, and future evolution in species ecological communities from a phylogenetic perspective. Lesson predicted how climate change would affect the future distribution of plants based on the BIOCLIM and Maxent models and analyzed the risk of future extinction of these plants (Yesson and Culham, 2006). The Vandercook study tested the hypothesis that soil moisture conditions drive habitat filtering and act on seed germination and seedling establishment as important ecological mechanisms for structuring temperate plant communities (Vandelook et al., 2012). Slingsby used quantile regression analysis and mean observations between co-occurring species and comparisons between expected phylogenetic distances to provide evidence for phylogenetic overdispersion in networks of closely related species (Slingsby and Verboom, 2006). This part of the paper mostly explores dialectical thinking using existing methods to assess or verify their accuracy. The articles included in cluster #1 are mainly explored considering plant phylogenetic correlations. For example, Li Rong conducted a study on the phylogenetic lineages of Yunnan plants and showed that the integration of phylogenetic information can provide valuable insights for flora assessment and help effectively understand the structure of global biodiversity hotspots (Qian et al., 2013). The analysis of Alexandrou of the co-occurrence of paired assemblages of 325 algal groups in 1100 lakes in North America confirmed that phylogenetic distance may not explain the co-occurrence of freshwater green algae (Alexandrou et al., 2014). Using growth data, Kunstler estimated 275 interaction coefficients between tree species in the French mountains. The results showed that interaction strength was driven mainly by characteristic hierarchical structure rather than by functional or phylogenetic similarity. In addition to the influence of environmental filtering, these results also verified that functional and phylogenetic convergence of local tree communities over time is due to competing taxonomic units with different competitive capabilities (Kunstler et al., 2012). The article in Cluster #2 focuses on the zonal plant composition or richness to predict the stability of the system and its overall resistance and thus identify priority areas for conservation. Expert scholars analyze the associated resistance of different zonations with different perspectives and methods. Iason conducted a comprehensive study on how forest tree resistance to pests and diseases is influenced by the manipulation of tree community characteristics of associated plants and other organisms. Their results indicated that constructing future forests to increase their overall resistance and reduce the likelihood of pest and disease impacts is possible (for example, through tree species and genotype diversity, using them as part of a long-term prevention strategy) (Iason et al., 2018). Zhou investigated the distribution patterns of a total of 1335 seed plants in Mount Kenya and calculated species richness and phylogenetic diversity in seven vegetation zones, concluding that moist forests have fewer herbaceous plants due to closed canopies of woody plants compared to open dry forests. Woody plants may have climate-dominated ecotopes while herbaceous plants may have microhabitat and microhabitat-dominated ecotopes, suggesting that low and upper mountain forests with high species richness or overdispersed phylogenetic structure as priority areas for conservation in Mount Kenya and other high mountains in the Eastern African mountain biodiversity hotspot (Zhou et al., 2018). Wang conducted a study in the huqin sands of the semi-arid agro-pastoral mosaic zone of China. A large-scale field survey of 141 plots at 141 sites in the semi-arid agro-pastoral interface in China analyzed the effects of grazing disturbance on biodiversity patterns in semi-arid ecosystems from different aspects (Wang et al., 2019). Cluster #3 contains articles that focus on the narrative of the unfolding restricted similarity hypothesis among plants. Related papers compare and examine the patterns observed in plant communities with a null model that simulates stochastic patterns in species assembly (Götzenberger et al., 2012). Functional trait differences among species are increasingly used to infer the effects of biotic and abiotic processes on species coexistence. De Bello proposed a functional species library framework based on this research outline, which detects patterns of simulated trait diversity more consistently than previous approaches and can also be applied to functional and phylogenetic diversity, allowing for a reinterpretation of community assembly processes and a better understanding of community assemblages (De Bello et al., 2012). Vandercook tested the hypothesis that soil moisture conditions drive habitat filtering and act on seed germination and seedling establishment as important ecological mechanisms for the construction of temperate plant communities (Vandelook et al., 2012). Paine assessed the effects of functional similarity, phylogenetic affinities, and stem density on seedling mortality in neighboring seedlings and adults in species-rich tropical forests (Paine et al., 2012). Cluster #4 is described mainly around a method for studying the structure of RNA molecules in intact plant tissues, which uses dimethyl sulfate (DMS) to analyze the RNA structure. DMS modifies the substituents of adenine and cytosine residues within the single-stranded region of the RNA molecule, identifies the reactive sites by primer extension analysis, and uses DMS modification data to reveal the phylogenetic structure of plants (Senecoff and Meagher, 1992). The literature related to cluster #5 has developed a narrative around plant inter-root microbial communities, with partial sequencing and analysis of cloned genes by molecular phylogenetic methods (Marilley and Aragno, n.d.) and how phylogenetic diversity varies in the plant root system(Eisenhauer et al., 2017). 2.3.3 Keyword Surprise Analysis The business represents a steep increase in the number of occurrences of a keyword in a certain period: a large number of occurrences as keywords indicates a large number of related studies to these keywords in that period. The research frontier and the trend of development and evolution of a certain field is based on the temporal distribution and dynamic changeability of business (Pan et al., 2018). This paper aimed to have a clear and comprehensive understanding of the current frontier of plant phylogenetic zoology research and reflect the degree of attention and persistence of academics on specific keywords (Tucker et al., 2017). Thus, the business function in CiteSpace software was used in this paper to detect the business of keywords during 1988–2022 and generated the top 10 business lists for the business detection of keywords. The results are shown in Table 4, wherein each bar represents two years: a thick red bar represents the burst time period, and a large burst intensity value indicates the activity of research around this keyword in that time period (Munim et al., 2020). The study process was divided into three phases based on keyword chronology and emergent intensity in conjunction with the keyword time zone view to reflect the comprehensiveness of the study results (Figure 6). With the continuous development and improvement of gene technology, research on plant DNA genes has been promoted, that on plant genetic diversity in a certain region has become a hot spot, and plant-related flora has also become increasingly popular. Such an improvement also marks the rapid change and development of plant taxonomy from traditional classification methods to molecular classification methods. Table 3 Top 10 Keywords with the Strongest Citation Bursts The second stage: is the emergence of the words model, history, and phylogeny. This stage of academic focus is based on the rapid development of plant molecular biology and continues to deepen the theory and application while focusing on the innovation of research methods of flora and introducing different research methods model to reveal the historical evolution of plant phylogeny. For example, Faith proposed the use of branch length between species in the phylogenetic evolutionary tree to express the characteristics of phylogenetic diversity (PD), which made it possible to integrate the evolutionary history of species for a comprehensive and in-depth assessment of biodiversity(Tucker et al., 2017), and gradually formed a broad consensus(Eiserhardt et al., 2013; Forest et al., 2007; Pearse et al., 2014). With the accumulation of DNA barcode sequencing and data over time, the reconstruction of more highly accurate macro-phylogenetic trees has led to a more refined and credible study of plant phylogenetic lineages (Joly et al., 2014). The words community ecology, ecosystem, extinction, and rain forest emerged in the third stage, and new research directions were provided as research methods became rich and increasingly sophisticated to understand the specific patterns of the lineages effectively. Phylogenetic systematics combines phylogenetic trees with traditional flora to study the evolutionary and biogeographic history of local flora and thus reveal the process of species formation within the system, which effectively explains the biogeographic and ecological processes of system formation (Li et al., 2018). Integrating phylogenetic trees with ecological factors, such as climate, altitude, and topography of species’ locations, can provide insight into the history of vegetation composition, predict the future evolution of flora, and analyze the similarity between phylogeny and taxonomic composition, leading to an improved understanding of ecosystems. Meanwhile, the application of phylogenetic diversity measures in community phylogeny, phylogenetic zonation, and biodiversity conservation provides a new perspective to understand the dynamics of community, ecosystem, and global scale biodiversity and a scientific basis for effective and efficient conservation of species and their evolutionary history (Lu et al., 2018a). Tropical rainforests have become a new research hotspot area due to their high plant richness and complex phylogenetic structure. 3 Conclusions The literature on phylogenetic systematics based on the WOS core dataset from 1990 to 2022, which reveals the growth trend of the literature, the countries and institutions included in the research fields involved, and the research progress and frontiers, is analyzed in this paper. (1) From the basic characteristics of the research, the relevant research can be divided into the following three stages: the exploration and development stage, the accelerated growth stage, and the explosive growth stage. A strong knowledge linkage exists between the stages, and new hot spots are formed by further development on the original basis. (2) From the study of international scientific research cooperation relations and disciplinary distribution, the scientific research strength of the United States leads this aspect and the cooperation between the United States and other countries is close. China still needs to further improve between cooperation with other countries; this area integrates the relevant research mainly concentrated in the field of ecology. This is followed by biology, plant science, natural science, and other disciplines, with strong interdisciplinarity between disciplines, among which ecology is most closely linked to other disciplines. (3) From the perspective of the evolution of topics, plant phylogenetic studies have shown a strong dependence on technology and analytical methods. With the continuous improvement and development of the field of plant phylogenetics, the research themes at different stages have shown strong interdisciplinarity. The research at each stage is closely related to the times and has close inheritance, especially in the area of plant genetics. This close relationship fully reflects the deep and rational scientific problems of plant phylogenetic systematics in the context of social stability, ecological civilization, technological progress, and harmony between human and nature. Combining the research theory with the practical ecological problems and providing additional attention to the practicality of the research is reasonable. The current research in this discipline is generally the era of quantitative interpretation of the zonal phenomena and exploration of their formation mechanisms, with a broad scale of research, a deep and thorough perspective, and a stringent and accurate requirement for data precision. Future research on phylogenetic systematics will further focus on the depth and breadth of the study and use the accumulation of biological information to enhance the research of modern flora and phylogenetic similarity among different systematics. Such research works will provide important reference values for biodiversity formation and maintenance mechanisms and present effective information for additional scientific and accurate assessment of systemic biodiversity from evolutionary and other dimensions. The phylogenetic similarity between the phylogeographic systems of the region is of considerable value for the formation and maintenance of biodiversity. 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Journal of Plant Ecology 7, 166–175. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtt074 Tucker, C.M., Cadotte, M.W., Carvalho, S.B., Jonathan Davies, T., Ferrier, S., Fritz, S.A., Grenyer, R., Helmus, M.R., Jin, L.S., Mooers, A.O., Pavoine, S., Purschke, O., Redding, D.W., Rosauer, D.F., Winter, M., Mazel, F., 2017. A guide to phylogenetic metrics for conservation, community ecology and macroecology. Biological Reviews 92, 698–715. https://doi.org/10.1111/brv.12252 Vandelook, F., Verdú, M., Honnay, O., 2012. The role of seed traits in determining the phylogenetic structure of temperate plant communities. Ann Bot 110, 629–636. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcs121 Wang, Y., Wang, J., Chen, C., Li, J., Chu, J., 2019. Grazing plays an important role in structuring alpha and beta components of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity in semiarid sandy land of northern China. Glob Ecol Conserv 20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00790 Wiens, J.J., Graham, C.H., 2005. Niche conservatism: Integrating evolution, ecology, and conservation biology. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.36.102803.095431 Wu, J., Jia, D., Wei, Z., Xin, D., 2020. Development trends and frontiers of ocean big data research based on citespace. Water (Switzerland) 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/W12061560 Yesson, C., Culham, A., 2006. A phyloclimatic study of Cyclamen. BMC Evol Biol 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-6-72 Yu, X., Xiang, C., Peng, H., 2018. Taxonomy in the Kunming Institute of Botany (KIB): Progress during the past decade (2008–2018) and perspectives on future development. Plant Divers. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pld.2018.07.002 Zhou, Y., Chen, S., Hu, G., Mwachala, G., Yan, X., Wang, Q., 2018. Species richness and phylogenetic diversity of seed plants across vegetation zones of Mount Kenya, East Africa. Ecol Evol 8, 8930–8939. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4428 Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. 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process\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2686075/v1/c1e360877f9d73d6ffd22eea.png"},{"id":34420274,"identity":"ff24ad5b-fb9e-4e5b-92e6-80dd5331493a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-03-17 14:38:35","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":117486,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eNumber of publications and annual growth trend in the field of plant phylogenetic flora from 1990 to 2022\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2686075/v1/3006f2c2d9d31699670675fc.png"},{"id":34423705,"identity":"c8b7109d-c525-414f-a1fa-917a4da1e285","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-03-17 14:54:35","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":1011853,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eMapping of national/regional cooperation networks in international literature\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2686075/v1/5268e06db5cb3602ee976c16.png"},{"id":34422254,"identity":"c261c9c2-471b-4f33-90b6-afc23a379363","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-03-17 14:46:35","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":590047,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eDiagram of institutional cooperation network relationship\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2686075/v1/8b204ab44f3e5b3b5ac24439.png"},{"id":34424257,"identity":"9863d795-d07b-4b7f-9a5b-271ccebd2b4d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-03-17 15:02:36","extension":"png","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":605423,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eVisual mapping of disciplinary co-occurrence in research areas\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2686075/v1/9197132548c0296b425b66e2.png"},{"id":34420276,"identity":"9c304cea-cd88-45e7-943b-3f7a245d76a5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-03-17 14:38:35","extension":"png","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":627860,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eKeyword Time Zone View\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2686075/v1/cdfb502aa90e2d5a018f5d0b.png"},{"id":34420278,"identity":"631c5639-6ca3-40e8-a052-e891f356b629","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-03-17 14:38:35","extension":"png","order_by":8,"title":"Figure 8","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":559314,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eNetView of reference clusters\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2686075/v1/4860095d6cad19f6913f7c63.png"},{"id":34704284,"identity":"46b3900a-d2de-416f-9772-f0705c5ede9d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-03-23 11:29:44","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":3773399,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2686075/v1/53aa7014-0f2d-4824-bea3-60f1af73c5f1.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Phylofloristics: visual analysis using VOSviewer and CiteSpace","fulltext":[{"header":"Background","content":"\u003cp\u003ePhylofloristic studies initially focused on the taxonomic classification and cluster analysis of plant composition according to the geographical area of distribution of families, genera, and species and the comparison with the flora of neighboring areas to explore the origin, nature, and status of the flora to reflect the evolutionary history of the flora of a certain area\u0026nbsp;(Baskin and Baskin, 2016; Elton, 1946; Lu et al., 2018a; Yu et al., 2018). However, these analyses disregard the totality of regional species, ignore the phylogenetic relationships among species or taxa, and complicate the identification of the degree of similarity in evolutionary history among different lineages\u0026nbsp;(Borsch and Quandt, 2009).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith the continuous study of plant phylogeny, the concept of phylofloristics has emerged\u0026nbsp;(Swenson and Uma\u0026ntilde;a, 2014). This concept has been developed and improved, and additional scientific methods have surfaced to solve the problem of studying the unity of lineage and interspecific relationships. Using species in the region to construct phylogenetic trees to analyze the evolutionary history of the lineages, the construction of interspecies affinities provided by the phylogenetic tree of the flora involved the combination of evolutionary factors in the formation and development\u0026nbsp;(Borsch and Quandt, 2009), thus revealing the patterns of lineage origin and evolution and predicting the future evolution of plants by building models\u0026nbsp;(Yesson and Culham, 2006). The theory considers the evolutionary relationships of species as a whole in the study area, explains the biogeographic as well as ecological processes of lineage formation effectively, and provides quantifiable indicators and superior ways to influence modern flora and compare the degree of phylogenetic similarity among different lineages\u0026nbsp;(Forest et al., 2007a; Kooyman et al., 2011; Qian et al., 2013). For example, Li Rong et al. (2015) used the geographic distribution of 1983 genera of wild seed plants and their phylogenetic relationships and analyzed them by calculating the composition among species and indicators of phylogenetic diversity to reclassify the flora of Yunnan from an evolutionary perspective. They also analyzed the phylogenetic structure of different regions to understand the nature and origin of biodiversity hotspots in Yunnan effectively\u0026nbsp;(Li et al., 2015).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA review of the existing literature reveals that only a few studies provide a complete picture of the developmental process of phylogenetic lineage studies. The studies that have been conducted have mainly reviewed the literature and concluded a lack of work on the evolutionary process of plant phylogeny over a long period in the course of its developmental history using multiple research methods and tools (Jaidka et al., 2013). Therefore, this study used the bibliometric analysis provided by CiteSpace 5.0 and VOSviewer 1.6.18 visualization software to investigate the trends of publications (Feng et al., 2022; Li et al., 2019), research hotspot countries/regions, institutions, major publishing journals, research hotspot themes, and evolution of research on plant phylogeny zoology with the Web of Science core dataset. The research process is shown in Figure 1.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"1 Data And Methods","content":"\u003ch2\u003e1.1 Data source\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Web of Science core database was used in this paper as the basis, and the search formula was constructed as \u0026ldquo;(ALL = plant OR ALL = plants) AND ((TS = (\u0026ldquo;phylogenetic diversity\u0026rdquo;) OR TS = (\u0026ldquo;phylogenetic structure\u0026rdquo;) OR TS = (\u0026ldquo;phylogenetic relatedness\u0026rdquo;)).\u0026rdquo; The type of literature was limited to \u0026ldquo;Artic or Review Artic or Early Access or Data paper,\u0026rdquo; and then the search results were exported in plain text format. \u0026ldquo;All records with cited references\u0026rdquo; was selected. A total of 2848 documents were finally obtained after filtering, removing duplicates, and eliminating irrelevant documents, and the research data set was then constructed. The search formula is also constructed, and the data are exported as shown in Figure 2.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e1.2 Research Methodology\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe frequency and centrality of the country, institution, and major journals, as well as the intensity and duration of country and keyword emergence, were calculated with the help of CiteSpace 5.0 software. VOSviewer 1.6.18 visualization software was also used to map the distribution of countries, institutions, and journals, analyze the information of publication volume, publication countries, institutions, and disciplines in the field of plant phylogenetic systematics, and examined the research hot spots and their development process by combining the keywords and citations in the literature. The number of publications, countries, institutions, and disciplines in the field of phylogeny, as well as the hotspots of research and their development process, was also analyzed by combining literature keywords and citations to reveal the current status and future development of research in this field for 35 years.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2 Results","content":"\u003ch2\u003e2.1 Analysis of the volume of published research literature\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe change in the number of research literature publications conducted on phylofloristics during the period 1988\u0026ndash;2022 (Figure 3) shows an upward trend, and phylofloristics research can be divided into three phases based on the trend (Table 1). The first stage was the exploration and development stage (1988\u0026ndash;1999) and the cumulative number of articles published in this stage was 30, which has an annual average of 2.50 articles, accounting for 1.05% of the total number of articles published. This finding shows a slow growth trend, which may be related to the immature scientific research tools and experiences at that time and the low importance attached to the research in this area. The second phase is the accelerated growth phase (2000\u0026ndash;2011) and the cumulative number of publications in this phase is 417, with an annual average of 34.75 publications, accounting for 14.64% of the total number of publications and demonstrating a rapid growth. This finding may be related to the deepening research on flora\u0026nbsp;(De Vries and Archibald, 2018; Hua, 2013; Lu et al., 2018b; Steinthorsdottir et al., 2021), plant composition, and phylogeny of plants and the increasing attention to this aspect of research; since then, phylofloristics research by scholars has continued to increase in interest. The third phase is the explosive growth phase (2011\u0026ndash;2022), in which the cumulative number of publications reached 2401, with an annual average of 218.27, accounting for 84.31% of the total number of publications and demonstrating a rapid growth. With further research, the maturation of research methods and techniques in the field of phylofloristics research considered the holistic nature between regional species and phylogenetic relationships among species or taxa, revealing the relevance and similarity of evolutionary history among different lineages\u0026nbsp;(Cadotte et al., 2010; Erickson et al., 2014; Srivastava et al., 2012). The research of phylofloristics has provided additional research methods and popular directions for the study of flora\u0026nbsp;(Donoghue, 2008), which has led to a new growth in the study of phylofloristics, which is still increasing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"737\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" width=\"87.12737127371274%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTable 1 Distribution of the number of papers output in the three stages\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.872628726287262%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"19\" width=\"0%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"23.066485753052916%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.754409769335142%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTime horizon\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"15.332428765264586%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNumber of papers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.64450474898236%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePercentage of thesis output by stage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.312075983717774%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAverage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.890094979647218%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"20\" width=\"0%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" width=\"23.066485753052916%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eExplore the development stage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" width=\"12.754409769335142%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1988\u0026ndash;1999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" width=\"15.332428765264586%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" width=\"25.64450474898236%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.05%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" width=\"10.312075983717774%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.890094979647218%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"19\" width=\"0%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"18\" width=\"0%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" width=\"23.066485753052916%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAccelerated growth phase\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" width=\"12.754409769335142%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2000\u0026ndash;2011\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" width=\"15.332428765264586%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e417\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" width=\"25.64450474898236%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.64%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" width=\"10.312075983717774%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.890094979647218%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"18\" width=\"0%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"18\" width=\"0%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" width=\"23.066485753052916%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eExplosive growth phase\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" width=\"12.754409769335142%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2012\u0026ndash;2022\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" width=\"15.332428765264586%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2401\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" width=\"25.64450474898236%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84.31%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" width=\"10.312075983717774%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e218.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.890094979647218%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"18\" width=\"0%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"19\" width=\"0%\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e2.2 Global Phylofloristics Research International Research Partnerships and Discipline Distribution\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e2.2.1 International Research Partnerships\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn important direction to promote development and innovation is reflected in research and cooperation between countries/regions\u0026nbsp;(Liu et al., 2015). An analysis of the literature originating from 89 countries/regions yielded the top 10 countries considering frequency of publication (Table 2 and Figure 4), while an analysis of the literature originating from 327 institutions yielded a mapping of institutional cooperation networks (Table 2 and Figure 5).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 2\u0026nbsp;Top 10 countries/regions and institutions considering number of articles issued\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"643\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12.5604%;\" width=\"8.892355694227769%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCountry\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.4074%;\" width=\"8.268330733229329%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFreq\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.628%;\" width=\"8.424336973478939%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCentrality\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 11.5942%;\" width=\"14.196567862714508%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTime of first article\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12.5604%;\" width=\"9.360374414976599%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCountry\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19.3237%;\" width=\"23.400936037441497%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInstitution\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4.9919%;\" width=\"4.5241809672386895%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFreq\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.628%;\" width=\"7.800312012480499%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCentrality\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.306%;\" width=\"12.168486739469579%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTime of first article\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12.5604%;\" width=\"8.892355694227769%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUSA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.4074%;\" width=\"8.268330733229329%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1021\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.628%;\" width=\"8.424336973478939%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 11.5942%;\" width=\"14.196567862714508%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1988\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12.5604%;\" width=\"9.360374414976599%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChina\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19.3237%;\" width=\"23.400936037441497%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChinese Acad Sci\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4.9919%;\" width=\"4.5241809672386895%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e296\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.628%;\" width=\"7.800312012480499%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.306%;\" width=\"12.168486739469579%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12.5604%;\" width=\"8.892355694227769%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChina\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.4074%;\" width=\"8.268330733229329%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e618\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.628%;\" width=\"8.424336973478939%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 11.5942%;\" width=\"14.196567862714508%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12.5604%;\" width=\"9.360374414976599%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eChina\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19.3237%;\" width=\"23.400936037441497%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUniv Chinese Acad Sci\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4.9919%;\" width=\"4.5241809672386895%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.628%;\" width=\"7.800312012480499%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.306%;\" width=\"12.168486739469579%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2014\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12.5604%;\" width=\"8.892355694227769%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGermany\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.4074%;\" width=\"8.268330733229329%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e307\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.628%;\" width=\"8.424336973478939%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 11.5942%;\" width=\"14.196567862714508%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12.5604%;\" width=\"9.360374414976599%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSpain\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19.3237%;\" width=\"23.400936037441497%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCSIC\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4.9919%;\" width=\"4.5241809672386895%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.628%;\" width=\"7.800312012480499%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.306%;\" width=\"12.168486739469579%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12.5604%;\" width=\"8.892355694227769%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEngland\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.4074%;\" width=\"8.268330733229329%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e262\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.628%;\" width=\"8.424336973478939%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 11.5942%;\" width=\"14.196567862714508%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1997\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12.5604%;\" width=\"9.360374414976599%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUSA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19.3237%;\" width=\"23.400936037441497%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUniv Minnesota\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4.9919%;\" width=\"4.5241809672386895%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.628%;\" width=\"7.800312012480499%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.306%;\" width=\"12.168486739469579%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2006\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12.5604%;\" width=\"8.892355694227769%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCanada\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.4074%;\" width=\"8.268330733229329%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e258\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.628%;\" width=\"8.424336973478939%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 11.5942%;\" width=\"14.196567862714508%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1995\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12.5604%;\" width=\"9.360374414976599%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUSA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19.3237%;\" width=\"23.400936037441497%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUniv Calif Berkeley\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4.9919%;\" width=\"4.5241809672386895%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.628%;\" width=\"7.800312012480499%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.306%;\" width=\"12.168486739469579%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1998\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12.5604%;\" width=\"8.892355694227769%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrench\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.4074%;\" width=\"8.268330733229329%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e253\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.628%;\" width=\"8.424336973478939%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 11.5942%;\" width=\"14.196567862714508%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12.5604%;\" width=\"9.360374414976599%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSwitzerland\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19.3237%;\" width=\"23.400936037441497%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUniv Zurich\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4.9919%;\" width=\"4.5241809672386895%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.628%;\" width=\"7.800312012480499%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.306%;\" width=\"12.168486739469579%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2011\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12.5604%;\" width=\"8.892355694227769%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSpain\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.4074%;\" width=\"8.268330733229329%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e240\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.628%;\" width=\"8.424336973478939%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 11.5942%;\" width=\"14.196567862714508%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12.5604%;\" width=\"9.360374414976599%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUSA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19.3237%;\" width=\"23.400936037441497%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUniv Florida\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4.9919%;\" width=\"4.5241809672386895%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.628%;\" width=\"7.800312012480499%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.306%;\" width=\"12.168486739469579%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2008\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12.5604%;\" width=\"8.892355694227769%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBrazil\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.4074%;\" width=\"8.268330733229329%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e228\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.628%;\" width=\"8.424336973478939%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 11.5942%;\" width=\"14.196567862714508%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1994\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12.5604%;\" width=\"9.360374414976599%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUSA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19.3237%;\" width=\"23.400936037441497%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUniv Calif Davis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4.9919%;\" width=\"4.5241809672386895%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.628%;\" width=\"7.800312012480499%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.306%;\" width=\"12.168486739469579%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1998\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12.5604%;\" width=\"8.892355694227769%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAustralia\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.4074%;\" width=\"8.268330733229329%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e203\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.628%;\" width=\"8.424336973478939%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 11.5942%;\" width=\"14.196567862714508%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1998\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12.5604%;\" width=\"9.360374414976599%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCanada\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19.3237%;\" width=\"23.400936037441497%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUniv Toronto\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4.9919%;\" width=\"4.5241809672386895%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.628%;\" width=\"7.800312012480499%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.306%;\" width=\"12.168486739469579%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12.5604%;\" width=\"8.892355694227769%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSwitzerland\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 7.4074%;\" width=\"8.268330733229329%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e175\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.628%;\" width=\"8.424336973478939%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 11.5942%;\" width=\"14.196567862714508%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1999\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 12.5604%;\" width=\"9.360374414976599%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGermany\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 19.3237%;\" width=\"23.400936037441497%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGerman Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 4.9919%;\" width=\"4.5241809672386895%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.628%;\" width=\"7.800312012480499%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10.306%;\" width=\"12.168486739469579%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2014\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConsidering frequency of publication, the United States tops the list, followed by China, Germany, England, Canada, and France, all of which are above 250; considering centrality, Switzerland (0.49) is the highest, followed by French (0.46); considering the time of entry into research, Switzerland (0.49) was the highest, followed by French (0.46). The study of plant phylogenetic systematics has formed a large network of cooperation between countries/regions, and the cooperation between different countries/regions is relatively close. Switzerland has the closest cooperation with all countries/regions in the world and has a clear grouping. China ranks second in the number of relevant research publications but its centrality is low. This phenomenon indicates that China\u0026rsquo;s cooperation with other countries in this field is slightly close, and international cooperation and influence must be further improved.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe analysis of research institutions provides a clear picture of the research units with a strong influence (Fang et al., 2018). Combining Table 2 and Figure 5, the top 10 Chinese institutions researching this field have two institutions with the highest total publication frequency: the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences. The frequency of publications of the Chinese Academy of Sciences far exceeded the other institutions up to 296, indicating that the institution has additional research in this field. The two Chinese institutions have a total publication frequency of 391 articles, accounting for 45.68% of the total publication frequency of the top 10 institutions. However, the centrality of their institutions is relatively low, further verifying that China has less close cooperation with other countries in this field; followed by the United States, with four of the top 10 institutions in this field, namely Univ Minnesota, Univ Calif Berkeley, Univ Minnesota, Univ Florida, and Univ Calif Davis, accounting for the largest number of the top 10 institutions. The four institutions published 231 articles, accounting for 26.99% of the total frequency of the top 10 institutions, and each institution has a high centrality, indicating close cooperation with other institutions. Among the top 10 institutions, Spain ranks third in the frequency of institutional publications in this field, with one CSIC among the top 10 institutions. Among the top 10 institutions, one CSIC had 82 articles, accounting for 9.58% of the total number of articles published by the top 10 institutions. In addition, the centrality of German Ctr Integrat Biodivers Res iDiv in Germany is 0.19, which is larger than other institutions, indicating the closest cooperation between this institution and other institutions. Meanwhile, the top 10 institutions belong to the representative institutions in this field, with considerable international and national influence.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e2.2.2 Discipline and journal distribution of related literature\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe analysis of the published journals can provide a scientific clarification of the subject area direction of plant phylogenetic systematics and an important reference for the subsequent publication of the results (Shen et al., 2022). Figure 6 reflects the distribution of disciplines and journals in phylogenetic lineage research. In the WOS Core Collection database, journals with wide influence in this field include Ecology Letters, Ecology, Journal of Ecology, The American Naturalist, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, PLOS ONE, Journal of Vegetation Science, Ecology and Evolution, and Journal of Plant Phylogeny. Functional Ecology and Journal of Plant Ecology mainly focused on the field of ecology. This is followed by biology, molecular systematics, biogeography, plant science, natural science, environmental science, ecology and evolution, and forestry science. The strong crossover between disciplines and the significant crossover characteristics indicate that plant phylogenetic systematics is a discipline with strong integrated research and analysis. Among these findings, ecology is most closely related to other disciplines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e2.3 Research hotspots and development trend analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e2.3.1 High frequency keyword analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe analysis of the published journals can provide a scientific clarification of the subject area direction of plant phylogenetics. The keywords of the literature can provide a high level of summarization and condensation of the article content and reflect the research hotspots in the research field\u0026nbsp;(Chen et al., 2012; Pan et al., 2018; Song et al., 2016). Mapping keyword time zones can generally show the temporal flow and thematic evolution path of the research hotspots in the field\u0026nbsp;(Hou et al., 2018). In this study, the 2848 extracted keywords with research on plant phylogenetic chronology were imported into CiteSpace 5.0 software, the literature screening range was 1988\u0026ndash;2022, the time slice was set to 2 years, the keywords with frequencies larger than 45 (the first 50) were labeled for display, the co-occurrence was visualized, and the time zone map was selected for presentation, as shown in Figure 6.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe nodes and lines of different colors in the figure represent various time slices, transitioning from dark blue to dark red: dark blue (1988) and red (2022) represent the starting and end points of the time slice, respectively. Different circular nodes correspond to the equivalent keywords; a large node circle represents the high frequency of the keyword, Moreover, the position of the node indicates its earliest appearance: the keyword appears numerous times in the time slice represented by the color change when the keyword node has a thick layer of annual wheel. The line between the nodes indicates that the keyword appeared simultaneously in the same literature with another keyword. The color of the line corresponds to the year when the two keywords first appeared in the same article simultaneously, and the thickness of the line represents the number of co-occurrence and the closeness of the relationship: the relationship is close when the line is thick and vice versa (Li et al., 2017).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe general developmental characteristics of phylogenetic zoology studies of plants can be summarized in accordance with the timeline. Figure 6 shows the following. (1) The main keywords in the 1990s were phylogenetic structure, identification, phylogeny, phylogenetic diversity, diversity, pattern, community, evolution, competition, and conservation. Research during this stage was mainly focused on exploring the species composition of various regions, the distribution of plant resources, the evolutionary history of plants in different regions, identification of species, interspecific relationships, and conservation research in biodiversity hotspots. The research direction was clear at this time. The term phylogenetic structure first appeared in 1992, indicating that the research on phylogenetic phylogeny has gradually developed in the direction of interspecific relationships and ecological conservation, with increasing emphasis on the holistic nature of phylogeographic systems. This term has also begun to be applied to the phylogeny of different phylogeographic systems. (2) In the 21st century, terms such as biodiversity, biogeography, species richness, community structure, ecology, plant community, niche conservatism, trait, and species, as well as terms including diversity, community assembly, beta diversity, plant diversity, climate change, and forest, indicate that the study of a certain region has placed remarkable emphasis on the totality of the system and ecological niche with further research and optimization and innovation of research methods. Meanwhile, the study of phylogenetic systematics considers the influence of different factors on the formation and evolution of plants and then predicts the development and future evolution of plants in different regions (Wiens and Graham, 2005). The study of flora at this stage has become a new hotspot, and the methods for estimating a particular flora and the quantitative assessment of the plants of the region are rational, which, in turn, provides a basis for prioritizing different regions for conservation. (3) The keywords functional diversity, functional trait, productivity, mechanism, limiting similarity, gradient, facilitation, vegetation, impact, and phylogenetic diversity have been used to describe the phylogeny of plants. The emergence of assemblage, global pattern, and r package marked the enrichment of the hypothesis of plant phylogenetic systematics while considering the functional and diversity traits of different plant lineages. This enrichment aims to avoid overly intense interspecific competition leading to interspecific competitive exclusion (G\u0026ouml;tzenberger et al., 2012). With the emergence of the term r package (r package), the study of phylogenetic zoology of plants has marked a considerable focus on the holistic nature of the zones and the degree of the phylogeny. In addition, the close connection of nodes between time zones indicates that the field of plant phylogenetic zoology still possesses strong knowledge transfer relationships and the tendency to further develop on the original basis in different time periods.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e2.3.2 Citation clustering analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFrequent citation of literature in the same field or similar to the article content indicates their common related research directions. Exploring the co-citation of articles and performing co-citation analysis can cluster related references in groups according to the similarity of content, thus further clarifying the research hotspots in this field\u0026nbsp;(Wu et al., 2020). A total of 2848 articles on plant phylogenetic systematics were clustered in this paper, and the cluster names were calculated by log-likelihood ratio algorithm, where a node represents literature and the line between nodes represents its co-citation relationship, resulting in a citation clustering network map (Figure 7). In this map, modularity Q = 0.9473 and mean silhouette = 0.5167, indicating that clustering the structure is significant and reasonable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe small cluster serial number indicates additional literature. The cluster labels are extracted from the titles of the most influential articles; thus, the labels cannot summarize all the contents of the articles in the clusters. Therefore, the selected literature in this paper contained more than 20 (the first six clusters) for specific analysis, and the other clusters contained only a few literature and were insufficiently representative to conduct specific analysis. Cluster labels from 0\u0026ndash;5 are presented sequentially: #0 facilitation, #1 phylogenetic relatedness, #2 associational resistance, #3 limiting similarity, #4 primer extension, and #5 polymerase chain reaction.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe articles in Cluster #0 focus on different research methods to understand the processes of species assembly, coexistence, and future evolution in species ecological communities from a phylogenetic perspective. Lesson predicted how climate change would affect the future distribution of plants based on the BIOCLIM and Maxent models and analyzed the risk of future extinction of these plants\u0026nbsp;(Yesson and Culham, 2006). The Vandercook study tested the hypothesis that soil moisture conditions drive habitat filtering and act on seed germination and seedling establishment as important ecological mechanisms for structuring temperate plant communities\u0026nbsp;(Vandelook et al., 2012). Slingsby used quantile regression analysis and mean observations between co-occurring species and comparisons between expected phylogenetic distances to provide evidence for phylogenetic overdispersion in networks of closely related species (Slingsby and Verboom, 2006). This part of the paper mostly explores dialectical thinking using existing methods to assess or verify their\u003cins cite=\"mailto:WPS_1505375606\" datetime=\"2023-03-11T16:07\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/ins\u003e accuracy.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe articles included in cluster #1 are mainly explored considering plant phylogenetic correlations. For example, Li Rong conducted a study on the phylogenetic lineages of Yunnan plants and showed that the integration of phylogenetic information can provide valuable insights for flora assessment and help effectively understand the structure of global biodiversity hotspots (Qian et al., 2013). The analysis of Alexandrou of the co-occurrence of paired assemblages of 325 algal groups in 1100 lakes in North America confirmed that phylogenetic distance may not explain the co-occurrence of freshwater green algae (Alexandrou et al., 2014). Using growth data, Kunstler estimated 275 interaction coefficients between tree species in the French mountains. The results showed that interaction strength was driven mainly by characteristic hierarchical structure rather than by functional or phylogenetic similarity. In addition to the influence of environmental filtering, these results also verified that functional and phylogenetic convergence of local tree communities over time is due to competing taxonomic units with different competitive capabilities (Kunstler et al., 2012).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe article in Cluster #2 focuses on the zonal plant composition or richness to predict the stability of the system and its overall resistance and thus identify priority areas for conservation. Expert scholars analyze the associated resistance of different zonations with different perspectives and methods. Iason conducted a comprehensive study on how forest tree resistance to pests and diseases is influenced by the manipulation of tree community characteristics of associated plants and other organisms. Their results indicated that constructing future forests to increase their overall resistance and reduce the likelihood of pest and disease impacts is possible (for example, through tree species and genotype diversity, using them as part of a long-term prevention strategy)\u0026nbsp;(Iason et al., 2018). Zhou investigated the distribution patterns of a total of 1335 seed plants in Mount Kenya and calculated species richness and phylogenetic diversity in seven vegetation zones, concluding that moist forests have fewer herbaceous plants due to closed canopies of woody plants compared to open dry forests. Woody plants may have climate-dominated ecotopes while herbaceous plants may have microhabitat and microhabitat-dominated ecotopes, suggesting that low and upper mountain forests with high species richness or overdispersed phylogenetic structure as priority areas for conservation in Mount Kenya and other high mountains in the Eastern African mountain biodiversity hotspot\u0026nbsp;(Zhou et al., 2018). Wang conducted a study in the huqin sands of the semi-arid agro-pastoral mosaic zone of China. A large-scale field survey of 141 plots at 141 sites in the semi-arid agro-pastoral interface in China analyzed the effects of grazing disturbance on biodiversity patterns in semi-arid ecosystems from different aspects (Wang et al., 2019).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCluster #3 contains articles that focus on the narrative of the unfolding restricted similarity hypothesis among plants. Related papers compare and examine the patterns observed in plant communities with a null model that simulates stochastic patterns in species assembly (G\u0026ouml;tzenberger et al., 2012). Functional trait differences among species are increasingly used to infer the effects of biotic and abiotic processes on species coexistence. De Bello proposed a functional species library framework based on this research outline, which detects patterns of simulated trait diversity more consistently than previous approaches and can also be applied to functional and phylogenetic diversity, allowing for a reinterpretation of community assembly processes and a better understanding of community assemblages (De Bello et al., 2012). Vandercook tested the hypothesis that soil moisture conditions drive habitat filtering and act on seed germination and seedling establishment as important ecological mechanisms for the construction of temperate plant communities (Vandelook et al., 2012). Paine assessed the effects of functional similarity, phylogenetic affinities, and stem density on seedling mortality in neighboring seedlings and adults in species-rich tropical forests (Paine et al., 2012).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCluster #4 is described mainly around a method for studying the structure of RNA molecules in intact plant tissues, which uses dimethyl sulfate (DMS) to analyze the RNA structure. DMS modifies the substituents of adenine and cytosine residues within the single-stranded region of the RNA molecule, identifies the reactive sites by primer extension analysis, and uses DMS modification data to reveal the phylogenetic structure of plants (Senecoff and Meagher, 1992).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe literature related to cluster #5 has developed a narrative around plant inter-root microbial communities, with partial sequencing and analysis of cloned genes by molecular phylogenetic methods (Marilley and Aragno, n.d.) and how phylogenetic diversity varies in the plant root system(Eisenhauer et al., 2017).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003e2.3.3 Keyword Surprise Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe business represents a steep increase in the number of occurrences of a keyword in a certain period: a large number of occurrences as keywords indicates a large number of related studies to these keywords in that period. The research frontier and the trend of development and evolution of a certain field is based on the temporal distribution and dynamic changeability of business (Pan et al., 2018). This paper aimed to have a clear and comprehensive understanding of the current frontier of plant phylogenetic zoology research and reflect the degree of attention and persistence of academics on specific keywords (Tucker et al., 2017). Thus, the business function in CiteSpace software was used in this paper to detect the business of keywords during 1988\u0026ndash;2022 and generated the top 10 business lists for the business detection of keywords. The results are shown in Table 4, wherein each bar represents two years: a thick red bar represents the burst time period, and a large burst intensity value indicates the activity of research around this keyword in that time period (Munim et al., 2020). The study process was divided into three phases based on keyword chronology and emergent intensity in conjunction with the keyword time zone view to reflect the comprehensiveness of the study results (Figure 6).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWith the continuous development and improvement of gene technology, research on plant DNA genes has been promoted, that on plant genetic diversity in a certain region has become a hot spot, and plant-related flora has also become increasingly popular. Such an improvement also marks the rapid change and development of plant taxonomy from traditional classification methods to molecular classification methods.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 3 Top 10 Keywords with the Strongest Citation Bursts\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg 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\" width=\"1070\" height=\"362\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe second stage: is the emergence of the words model, history, and phylogeny. This stage of academic focus is based on the rapid development of plant molecular biology and continues to deepen the theory and application while focusing on the innovation of research methods of flora and introducing different research methods model to reveal the historical evolution of plant phylogeny. For example, Faith proposed the use of branch length between species in the phylogenetic evolutionary tree to express the characteristics of phylogenetic diversity (PD), which made it possible to integrate the evolutionary history of species for a comprehensive and in-depth assessment of biodiversity(Tucker et al., 2017), and gradually formed a broad consensus(Eiserhardt et al., 2013; Forest et al., 2007; Pearse et al., 2014). With the accumulation of DNA barcode sequencing and data over time, the reconstruction of more highly accurate macro-phylogenetic trees has led to a more refined and credible study of plant phylogenetic lineages (Joly et al., 2014).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe words community ecology, ecosystem, extinction, and rain forest emerged in the third stage, and new research directions were provided as research methods became rich and increasingly sophisticated to understand the specific patterns of the lineages effectively. Phylogenetic systematics combines phylogenetic trees with traditional flora to study the evolutionary and biogeographic history of local flora and thus reveal the process of species formation within the system, which effectively explains the biogeographic and ecological processes of system formation (Li et al., 2018). Integrating phylogenetic trees with ecological factors, such as climate, altitude, and topography of species\u0026rsquo; locations, can provide insight into the history of vegetation composition, predict the future evolution of flora, and analyze the similarity between phylogeny and taxonomic composition, leading to an improved understanding of ecosystems. Meanwhile, the application of phylogenetic diversity measures in community phylogeny, phylogenetic zonation, and biodiversity conservation provides a new perspective to understand the dynamics of community, ecosystem, and global scale biodiversity and a scientific basis for effective and efficient conservation of species and their evolutionary history (Lu et al., 2018a). Tropical rainforests have become a new research hotspot area due to their high plant richness and complex phylogenetic structure.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"3 Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe literature on phylogenetic systematics based on the WOS core dataset from 1990 to 2022, which reveals the growth trend of the literature, the countries and institutions included in the research fields involved, and the research progress and frontiers, is analyzed in this paper.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) From the basic characteristics of the research, the relevant research can be divided into the following three stages: the exploration and development stage, the accelerated growth stage, and the explosive growth stage. A strong knowledge linkage exists between the stages, and new hot spots are formed by further development on the original basis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) From the study of international scientific research cooperation relations and disciplinary distribution, the scientific research strength of the United States leads this aspect and the cooperation between the United States and other countries is close. China still needs to further improve between cooperation with other countries; this area integrates the relevant research mainly concentrated in the field of ecology. This is followed by biology, plant science, natural science, and other disciplines, with strong interdisciplinarity between disciplines, among which ecology is most closely linked to other disciplines.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) From the perspective of the evolution of topics, plant phylogenetic studies have shown a strong dependence on technology and analytical methods. With the continuous improvement and development of the field of plant phylogenetics, the research themes at different stages have shown strong interdisciplinarity. The research at each stage is closely related to the times and has close inheritance, especially in the area of plant genetics. This close relationship fully reflects the deep and rational scientific problems of plant phylogenetic systematics in the context of social stability, ecological civilization, technological progress, and harmony between human and nature. Combining the research theory with the practical ecological problems and providing additional attention to the practicality of the research is reasonable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe current research in this discipline is generally the era of quantitative interpretation of the zonal phenomena and exploration of their formation mechanisms, with a broad scale of research, a deep and thorough perspective, and a stringent and accurate requirement for data precision. Future research on phylogenetic systematics will further focus on the depth and breadth of the study and use the accumulation of biological information to enhance the research of modern flora and phylogenetic similarity among different systematics. Such research works will provide important reference values for biodiversity formation and maintenance mechanisms and present effective information for additional scientific and accurate assessment of systemic biodiversity from evolutionary and other dimensions. The phylogenetic similarity between the phylogeographic systems of the region is of considerable value for the formation and maintenance of biodiversity.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAlexandrou, M.A., Cardinale, B.J., Hall, J.D., Delwiche, C.F., Fritschie, K., Narwani, A., Venail, P.A., Bentlage, B., Sabrina Pankey, M., Oakley, T.H., 2014. Evolutionary relatedness does not predict competition and co-occurrence in natural or experimental communities of green algae. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.1745\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eBaskin, J.M., Baskin, C.C., 2016. Origins and Relationships of the Mixed Mesophytic Forest of Oregon-Idaho, China, and Kentucky: Review and Synthesis. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 101, 525\u0026ndash;552. https://doi.org/10.3417/2014017\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eBorsch, T., Quandt, D., 2009. 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Ecol Evol 8, 8930\u0026ndash;8939. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4428\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Phylofloristics, Literature measurement, Research Hotspots, Development Trends","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2686075/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2686075/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"The study of phylogenetic zones of plants provides a good insight into the biogeographic and ecological processes of zone formation and a clear understanding of the nature and origin of biodiversity hotspots. The literature in the Web of Science core dataset was analyzed using bibliometric methods combined with CiteSpace 5.0, VOSviewer 1.6.18 visualization software, and Excel software to reveal the characteristics, hotspots, and evolutionary trends of this field over the past 35 years. The research on plant phylogenetic systematics has been increasing at home and abroad, and the main research force is mainly in the United States. Among these research institutions, the Chinese Academy of Sciences has published more frequently than other institutions and conducted a considerable among of research in this field. The relevant research conducted in this field is mainly focused on ecology, with significant interdisciplinary characteristics and the closest connection between ecology and other disciplines. The hotspot research topics at each stage are closely related in the field of plant phylogenetic systematics. These topics at each stage have a strong knowledge transmission relationship in the field of plant phylogeny and show a trend of further development based on the original foundation. In the future, the cross-fertilization of disciplines will be further promoted to realize the following objectives: strengthen mechanistic studies, combine different research methods of phylogenetic tree construction and model prediction in different phyla, understand the dynamic changes of plant communities, ecosystems, and global scale biodiversity from new perspectives, and provide the scientific basis for effective conservation of species and clarification of the evolutionary history and formation mechanism of phyla. Thus, it is still a popular research direction in the field of plant phylogenetic systematics.","manuscriptTitle":"Phylofloristics: visual analysis using VOSviewer and CiteSpace","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2023-03-17 14:38:31","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2686075/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"e52212d7-1c61-4065-8701-fe3cf0de9d76","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 17th, 2023","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2023-03-23T11:29:36+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2023-03-17 14:38:31","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-2686075","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-2686075","identity":"rs-2686075","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"wLkW0s4AflPzk-lpfg-fK","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}