Hysterosalpingography, laparoscopy and hysteroscopy in infertility. A comparative study

The accuracy and significance of hysterosalpingography (HSG) during an infertility evaluation were assessed by comparing the radiologic findings on HSG to the operative findings during laparoscopy and hysteroscopy. One hundred ninety-three patients underwent a complete infertility evaluation at our center. HSG was performed during the proliferative phase and was followed by laparoscopy and hysteroscopy, when indicated, during the same or next cycle. False-positive findings on HSG were noted in 5.1% of the patients. In 21%, adnexal adhesions and pelvic endometriosis were identified during surgery in spite of normal HSG. HSG is as accurate as laparoscopy in the diagnosis of tubal disease. However, laparoscopy excels HSG in the diagnosis of pelvic pathology. HSG should remain an integral part of the female infertility investigation and must be performed before laparoscopy and hysteroscopy.