A pluripotent stem cell atlas of multilineage differentiation revealsTMEM88as a developmental regulator of mammalian blood pressure

SUMMARY Pluripotent stem cells provide a scalable approach to analyse molecular regulation of cell differentiation across multiple developmental lineage trajectories. In this study, we engineered barcoded iPSCs to generate an atlas of multilineage differentiation from pluripotency, encompassing a time-course of WNT-induced differentiation perturbed using modulators of WNT, BMP, and VEGF signalling. Computational mapping of in vitro cell types to in vivo developmental lineages revealed a diversity of iPSC-derived cell types comprising mesendoderm lineage cell types including lateral plate and paraxial mesoderm, neural crest, and primitive gut. Coupling this atlas of in vitro differentiation with Summary data-based Mendelian Randomisation analysis of human complex traits, we identify the WNT-inhibitor protein TMEM88 as a putative regulator of mesendodermal cell types governing development of diverse cardiovascular and anthropometric traits. Using genetic loss of function models, we show that TMEM88 is required for differentiation of diverse endoderm and mesoderm cell lineages in vitro and that TMEM88 knockout in vivo results in a significant dysregulation of arterial blood pressure. This study provides an atlas of multilineage iPSC differentiation coupled with new molecular, computational, and statistical genetic tools to dissect genetic determinants of mammalian developmental physiology.