n-3 PUFAs synergistically enhance the efficacy of Doxorubicin by inhibiting the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells

Abstract Breast cancer is a major cause of cancer-related deaths for women all over the world. It has a poor prognosis and low survival rates and is typically treated with chemotherapy. Doxorubicin (DOXO) is a potent anti-tumor agent commonly used against breast cancer. However, many patients develop resistance to treatment, leading to a higher risk of relapse and negative outcomes. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are essential fatty acids. They have demonstrated potential in targeting cancerous cells, triggering apoptosis, and preventing tumor growth and spread. Combining these supplements, such as EPA/DHA with DOXO, can enhance the effectiveness of treatment. This study used the combination of DHA, EPA, and DOXO on breast cancer cell line-MCF-7. We observed a significant increase in the cytotoxicity in the combination compared to the DOXO alone. Similarly, the enhancement in the inhibition of metastasis was observed in the combination compared to the DOXO. Cell cycle study results indicated that cells treated with the combination are arrested more in the G1 phase suggesting that the combination is more effective in preventing the cells from entering into the doubling phase. Overall, the combination of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) is effective in enhancing the effectivity of DOXO by preventing the growth and spread of breast cancer cells.