Deciphering Biochemical Responses, Metabolome Analysis and Key Genes Controlling Sorghum [Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench] Ion Transport in Responses to Salt Stress

Deciphering Biochemical Responses, Metabolome Analysis and Key Genes Controlling Sorghum [Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench] Ion Transport in Responses to Salt Stress | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Deciphering Biochemical Responses, Metabolome Analysis and Key Genes Controlling Sorghum [ Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench] Ion Transport in Responses to Salt Stress Himani Punia, Jayanti Tokas, Anurag Malik, Satpal, Neeraj Kharor, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-576430/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background: Crops usually encounter several abiotic stresses, and salt stress is one of the major constraints affecting plant growth and agricultural productivity globally. Sorghum is not only a valuable source of food but also a potential model for studying and better understanding the salt stress mechanics in the cereals and obtain a better knowledge of their cellular mechanism. Herein, we examined the effects of salt stress on physio-biochemical and molecular responses of sorghum genotypes to determine their tolerance. General Biochemistry Biotechnology and Bioengineering antioxidants ion transporters oxidative stress proline reactive oxygen species (ROS) salinity sorghum Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Full-Text Due to technical limitations, full-text HTML conversion of this manuscript could not be completed. However, the manuscript can be downloaded and accessed as a PDF. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files ga.jpg Summary: A pot experiment was conducted in a climate-controlled greenhouse with different salt stress treatments (60, 80, 100, and 120 mM NaCl). The results indicated that exposure to NaCl-induced salinity reduces growth of sorghum cultivars by damaging chlorophyll pigment and chloroplast, particularly at a higher stress level. SSG 59-3 alleviated adverse effects of salinity by suppressing oxidative stress (H2O2) and stimulating enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities (SOD, APX, CAT, POD, GR, GST, DHAR, MDHAR, GSH, ASC, proline, GB), as well as protecting cell membrane integrity (MDA, electrolyte leakage). Salinity also influenced Na+ ion efflux and maintained a lower cytosolic Na+/K+ ratio via concomitant upregulation of SbSOS1, SbSOS2, and SbNHX ion transporter genes in sorghum genotypes. Overall, these results suggest that Na+ ions are retained and detoxified and less stress impact was observed in mature and younger leaves. Based on the above, we deciphered that SSG 59-3 performed better by retaining higher plant water status, photosynthetic rate and antioxidant potential and upregulation of ion transporter genes, thereby alleviating stress, which may be augmented as genetic resources to establish sorghum cultivars with improved quality in saline soils. ps1.jpg Plate 1: Effect of salt stress (Control, 60, 80, 100, and 120 mM NaCl) on growth of sorghum genotypes (SSG 59-3 and PC-5) at vegetative stage (35 DAS) ps2.jpg Plate 2: Effect of salt stress (Control, 60, 80, 100, and 120 mM NaCl) on growth of sorghum genotypes (SSG 59-3 and PC-5) at physiological maturity (95 DAS) Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-576430","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":30687307,"identity":"31568704-b483-4b16-908d-3199fd17e335","order_by":0,"name":"Himani Punia","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA30lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYJCCA4wNEkCKsfExXIRYLc3GRGthYGwAU2zSRDnKXCL34IGfOyyi+Wc3t1UX1Bxm4G8/wHi4AI8Wyxl5CQd7z0jkzrhzsO32jGOHGSTOJDAcnoFHi8GNHIMDvG0SuQ03Ettu87AdZmC4wcBwmIeAloN/gVrmA7UU8/w7zCBPjJbDIFs2ALUw87YdBooQ0GLZ88bgsCxQy8Ybic3SvH3pPIZnEhvwajFnzzH++LatLnfejfSHn3m+WcvJHT98+DNeh6EL8MCjiWgto2AUjIJRMAowAABvx1MMFHlJrQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Himani","middleName":"","lastName":"Punia","suffix":""},{"id":30687308,"identity":"ddb038db-7b10-4f58-890f-fbc0604938ba","order_by":1,"name":"Jayanti Tokas","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jayanti","middleName":"","lastName":"Tokas","suffix":""},{"id":30687309,"identity":"c9e8bb7c-898f-4b86-aea8-4475d647fc7e","order_by":2,"name":"Anurag Malik","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Anurag","middleName":"","lastName":"Malik","suffix":""},{"id":30687310,"identity":"a1f159dc-2741-4bf8-8cd3-b89926560ad1","order_by":3,"name":"Satpal","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"","middleName":"","lastName":"Satpal","suffix":""},{"id":30687311,"identity":"1796bee2-76c6-401b-9964-7ae99d1dee84","order_by":4,"name":"Neeraj Kharor","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Neeraj","middleName":"","lastName":"Kharor","suffix":""},{"id":30687312,"identity":"2f780861-2713-4913-b1fa-92a68e629927","order_by":5,"name":"Shikha Yashveer","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shikha","middleName":"","lastName":"Yashveer","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2021-05-31 10:59:07","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-576430/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-576430/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":10214571,"identity":"ec3e6965-a260-4ff5-b49d-3a24a0eae5f7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-10 15:46:03","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":65203,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Effect of salt stress on fresh weight (A), dry weight (B), Root length (C), and shoot length (D) of sorghum genotypes at 35 and 95 DAS. Values are means of at least three replicates and significant differences between means, as determined by Tuckey’s test (P \u003c 0.05). ","description":"","filename":"1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-576430/v1/1394c56162867d28771c558d.jpg"},{"id":10214683,"identity":"05a80153-a8fc-4116-b6bb-5b18f10d891f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-10 15:49:02","extension":"jpg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":71646,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Effect of salt stress on relative water content (A), osmotic potential (B), chlorophyll fluorescence (C), and chlorophyll stability index (D) of sorghum genotypes at 35 and 95 DAS. Values are means of at least three replicates and significant differences between means, as determined by Tuckey’s test (P \u003c 0.05).","description":"","filename":"2.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-576430/v1/237e89fceaac41e442ede7e0.jpg"},{"id":10214562,"identity":"2bbd8fb7-3163-4e6d-94e5-acc223c20566","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-10 15:46:02","extension":"jpg","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":52052,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Effect of salt stress on chlorophyll a (A), chlorophyll B (B), and total chlorophyll (C) of sorghum genotypes at 35 and 95 DAS. Values are means of at least three replicates and significant differences between means, as determined by Tuckey’s test (P \u003c 0.05).","description":"","filename":"3.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-576430/v1/59d41bcce43f9a3954152176.jpg"},{"id":10214569,"identity":"aca3e528-7647-4855-90a7-de7fffc66c90","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-10 15:46:03","extension":"jpg","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":47409,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Effect of salt stress on Na+:K+ in leaves (A), and Na+:K+ in roots (B) of sorghum genotypes at 35 and 95 DAS. Values are means of at least three replicates and significant differences between means, as determined by Tuckey’s test (P \u003c 0.05).","description":"","filename":"4.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-576430/v1/44aaf6421029a99551fdc2c1.jpg"},{"id":10214685,"identity":"3949e025-fcf1-4b67-a5ae-ece1bf6b22da","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-10 15:49:02","extension":"jpg","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":97590,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Effect of salt stress on superoxide dismutase (SOD, A), catalase (CAT, B), peroxidase (POX, C), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX, D) of sorghum genotypes at 35 and 95 DAS. Values are means of at least three replicates and significant differences between means, as determined by Tuckey’s test (P \u003c 0.05).","description":"","filename":"5.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-576430/v1/3d6bea3978f8d1954d60b932.jpg"},{"id":10214686,"identity":"4d9d2312-d762-42f6-8897-1fc466d45b71","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-10 15:49:02","extension":"jpg","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":106424,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Effect of salt stress on glutathione peroxidase (GPX, A), glutathione reductase (GR, B), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR, C), and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR, D) of sorghum genotypes at 35 and 95 DAS. Values are means of at least three replicates and significant differences between means, as determined by Tuckey’s test (P \u003c 0.05).","description":"","filename":"6.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-576430/v1/a81d59977b11d8102aea17fd.jpg"},{"id":10214576,"identity":"c5c1b7e8-6205-40ec-8478-881ff41f97be","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-10 15:46:03","extension":"jpg","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":82083,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Effect of salt stress on total glutathione (A), reduced glutathione (GSH, B), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG, C) of sorghum genotypes at 35 and 95 DAS. Values are means of at least three replicates and significant differences between means, as determined by Tuckey’s test (P \u003c 0.05).","description":"","filename":"7.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-576430/v1/53cb0fc26eb8ae928390f080.jpg"},{"id":10214688,"identity":"6b99cb9e-c0c0-49b3-a758-97b349de7174","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-10 15:49:03","extension":"jpg","order_by":8,"title":"Figure 8","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":54392,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Effect of salt stress on ascorbic acid (ASC, A and B) and carotenoids (B) of sorghum genotypes at 35 and 95 DAS. Values are means of at least three replicates and significant differences between means, as determined by Tuckey’s test (P \u003c 0.05).","description":"","filename":"8.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-576430/v1/be97f9f35b6e0144f109c2b5.jpg"},{"id":10214814,"identity":"e73b3644-e995-49c7-bdc2-b976f0862190","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-10 15:52:03","extension":"jpg","order_by":9,"title":"Figure 9","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":105539,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Effect of salt stress on proline (Pro, A), glycine betaine (GB, B), and total soluble carbohydrates (TSC, C) of sorghum genotypes at 35 and 95 DAS. Values are means of at least three replicates and significant differences between means, as determined by Tuckey’s test (P \u003c 0.05).","description":"","filename":"9.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-576430/v1/ea4fec175c0ce3f170be1bb4.jpg"},{"id":10214575,"identity":"d8ea8315-9ca8-464c-b70c-662d5bf2f73d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-10 15:46:03","extension":"jpg","order_by":10,"title":"Figure 10","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":95006,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Effect of salt stress on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, A), relatives stress index (RSI, B), and malondialdehyde (MDA, C) of sorghum genotypes at 35 and 95 DAS. Values are means of at least three replicates and significant differences between means, as determined by Tuckey’s test (P \u003c 0.05).","description":"","filename":"10.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-576430/v1/2dff7999b1273568de35d298.jpg"},{"id":10214692,"identity":"766774a9-ce23-4935-95d5-493344dd3bc2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-10 15:49:03","extension":"jpg","order_by":11,"title":"Figure 11","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":20901,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Chemical structures of the polyamines discussed in this study ","description":"","filename":"11.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-576430/v1/12ad808bbb2d3bcebfc7ccb6.jpg"},{"id":10214813,"identity":"c7e45b4a-a337-462c-a36e-cfbfd818044e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-10 15:52:03","extension":"jpg","order_by":12,"title":"Figure 12","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":66733,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"HPLC chromatogram and elusion profile of benzoylated polyamine (A) HPLC of benzoylated polyamine standards; Put, Spd and Spm at 0.05mM concentration (B) Identification of polyamines in sorghum extracts with each of each Put, Spd and Spm. ","description":"","filename":"12.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-576430/v1/39a519e01db73ed652f52a20.jpg"},{"id":10214690,"identity":"3fce8558-ecc1-4f19-a19b-53fcc7309f00","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-10 15:49:03","extension":"jpg","order_by":13,"title":"Figure 13","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":30434,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis of ion transporter genes. (A) salt overly sensitive 1 (SOS1): Lane 1: PC-5 (Control); Lane 2: PC-5 (100 mM NaCl); Lane 3: PC-5 (120 mM NaCl); Lane 4: SSG 59-3 (Control); Lane 5: SSG 59-3 (100 mM NaCl); Lane 6: SSG 59-3 (120 mM NaCl) (B) salt overly sensitive 2 (SOS2): ): Lane 1: PC-5 (Control); Lane 2: PC-5 (100 mM NaCl); Lane 3: PC-5 (120 mM NaCl); Lane 4: SSG 59-3 (Control); Lane 5: SSG 59-3 (100 mM NaCl); Lane 6: SSG 59-3 (120 mM NaCl); M: molecular marker.","description":"","filename":"13.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-576430/v1/dcd404d2109644c3da3e5a49.jpg"},{"id":10214812,"identity":"63f5bddc-f7e2-4ddc-861b-e43162135036","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-10 15:52:03","extension":"jpg","order_by":14,"title":"Figure 14","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":48602,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis of ion transporter genes in sorghum. (A) vacoular pyrophospatase (H+-PPase): Lane 1: SSG 59-3 (120 mM NaCl); Lane 2: SSG 59-3 (100 mM NaCl); Lane 3: SSG 59-3 (Control); Lane 4: PC-5 (Control); Lane 5: PC-5 (100 mM NaCl); Lane 6: PC-5 (120 mM NaCl); (B) sodium proton antiporter (NHX): Lane 1: PC-5 (120 mM NaCl); Lane 2: PC-5 (100 mM NaCl); Lane 3: SSG 59-3 (120 mM NaCl); Lane 4: SSG 59-3 (100 mM NaCl); Lane 5: SSG 59-3 (Control); Lane 6: PC-5 (Control); (C): Actin (act1): constitutive expression of actin under different salinity levels; Lane 1: PC-5 (Control); Lane 2: PC-5 (100 mM NaCl); Lane 3: PC-5 (120 mM NaCl); Lane 4: SSG 59-3 (Control); Lane 5: SSG 59-3 (100 mM NaCl); Lane 6: SSG 59-3 (120 mM NaCl); M: molecular marker.","description":"","filename":"14.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-576430/v1/c9a90eebaad5be92dcd7ea92.jpg"},{"id":10214572,"identity":"d70df373-eda5-427e-99cc-8ff04a321f5e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-10 15:46:03","extension":"jpg","order_by":15,"title":"Figure 15","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":43113,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Regulation of Na+ and K+ ion homeostasis by the SOS pathway. Excess of Na+ ions elicits a calcium signaling pathway which activates the SOS1-SOS3 protein kinase complex, which in turn stimulates the SOS1 and sodium proton antiporter (NHX) exchange activity and thus, regulates the expression of genes encoding them.","description":"","filename":"15.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-576430/v1/f8da7b2ab747d675d76d7197.jpg"},{"id":13642544,"identity":"ecd3d249-9a85-4a8e-ad2a-aef18c64596e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-17 09:07:40","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2770263,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"DecipheringbiochemicalresponsesmetabolomeanalysisandkeygenescontrollingsorghumSorghumbicolorL.Moenchiontransportinresponsestosaltstress.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-576430/v1_covered.pdf"},{"id":10214815,"identity":"3386ab2b-9c76-4f3d-a410-ec6140c54f82","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-10 15:52:17","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2766826,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"DecipheringbiochemicalresponsesmetabolomeanalysisandkeygenescontrollingsorghumSorghumbicolorL.Moenchiontransportinresponsestosaltstress.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-576430/v1_covered.pdf"},{"id":10214684,"identity":"6c2eba2b-9a11-4d66-898a-4ee573933481","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-10 15:49:02","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":64401,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Summary: A pot experiment was conducted in a climate-controlled greenhouse with different salt stress treatments (60, 80, 100, and 120 mM NaCl). The results indicated that exposure to NaCl-induced salinity reduces growth of sorghum cultivars by damaging chlorophyll pigment and chloroplast, particularly at a higher stress level. SSG 59-3 alleviated adverse effects of salinity by suppressing oxidative stress (H2O2) and stimulating enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities (SOD, APX, CAT, POD, GR, GST, DHAR, MDHAR, GSH, ASC, proline, GB), as well as protecting cell membrane integrity (MDA, electrolyte leakage). Salinity also influenced Na+ ion efflux and maintained a lower cytosolic Na+/K+ ratio via concomitant upregulation of SbSOS1, SbSOS2, and SbNHX ion transporter genes in sorghum genotypes. Overall, these results suggest that Na+ ions are retained and detoxified and less stress impact was observed in mature and younger leaves. Based on the above, we deciphered that SSG 59-3 performed better by retaining higher plant water status, photosynthetic rate and antioxidant potential and upregulation of ion transporter genes, thereby alleviating stress, which may be augmented as genetic resources to establish sorghum cultivars with improved quality in saline soils.","description":"","filename":"ga.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-576430/v1/329cdf7261fa40eb88f8bcc8.jpg"},{"id":10214691,"identity":"f5574652-9483-45f0-a0db-5a68066520ad","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-10 15:49:03","extension":"jpg","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":126576,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Plate 1: \tEffect of salt stress (Control, 60, 80, 100, and 120 mM NaCl) on growth of sorghum genotypes (SSG 59-3 and PC-5) at vegetative stage (35 DAS)\n \t\n","description":"","filename":"ps1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-576430/v1/3cb442edadde29a5917542b1.jpg"},{"id":10214811,"identity":"6e7e5942-503b-4bff-aebe-871f5e4f7a44","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-06-10 15:52:02","extension":"jpg","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":136439,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Plate 2: \tEffect of salt stress (Control, 60, 80, 100, and 120 mM NaCl) on growth of sorghum genotypes (SSG 59-3 and PC-5) at physiological maturity (95 DAS)","description":"","filename":"ps2.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-576430/v1/aa1d631819617834f91117b9.jpg"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eDeciphering Biochemical Responses, Metabolome Analysis and Key Genes Controlling Sorghum [\u003cem\u003eSorghum Bicolor\u003c/em\u003e (L.) Moench] Ion Transport in Responses to Salt Stress \u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Full-Text","content":"\u003cp\u003eDue to technical limitations, full-text HTML conversion of this manuscript could not be completed. However, the manuscript can be downloaded and accessed as a PDF.\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"antioxidants, ion transporters, oxidative stress, proline, reactive oxygen species (ROS), salinity, sorghum ","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-576430/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-576430/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eBackground: Crops usually encounter several abiotic stresses, and salt stress is one of the major constraints affecting plant growth and agricultural productivity globally. Sorghum is not only a valuable source of food but also a potential model for studying and better understanding the salt stress mechanics in the cereals and obtain a better knowledge of their cellular mechanism. Herein, we examined the effects of salt stress on physio-biochemical and molecular responses of sorghum genotypes to determine their tolerance.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Deciphering Biochemical Responses, Metabolome Analysis and Key Genes Controlling Sorghum [Sorghum Bicolor (L.) 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