Graphical Approach to Unveil Evolutionary Relationship from DNA Sequence Analysis

Graphical Approach to Unveil Evolutionary Relationship from DNA Sequence Analysis | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Graphical Approach to Unveil Evolutionary Relationship from DNA Sequence Analysis Riaz Hussain Khan, Nadeem Salamat, Amr Yousef, A. Q. Baig, Zaffar Ahmed Shaikh, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3953357/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Graph theory is an efficient bioinformatics approach that offers a methodical approach to modelling and evaluating complex biological data. In this work graph theory was utilized for comparing DNA sequences. Each DNA sequence was break up into nucleotide couples, from which weighted loop digraphs with sixteen vertices was constructed. To assess the sequence similarity distance metrics like Cosine, Correlation, and Jaccard were employed. Nucleotides fragments of 1 different species were examined to confirm the methodology. This research elucidate as an effective tool graph theory is applied for sequence comparison and investigation of biological data in the field of bioinformatics. DNA Sequences comparison Phylogenetic tree Alignment-free method Graphical method Evolutionary relationship Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3953357","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":273295441,"identity":"971191ff-7355-4616-a0eb-35a6b23add7e","order_by":0,"name":"Riaz Hussain Khan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Riaz","middleName":"Hussain","lastName":"Khan","suffix":""},{"id":273295442,"identity":"9ba3ff8c-236e-431b-b537-5a0e4864d226","order_by":1,"name":"Nadeem Salamat","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Nadeem","middleName":"","lastName":"Salamat","suffix":""},{"id":273295443,"identity":"d3a771b2-4511-4053-8e77-25e2747ee180","order_by":2,"name":"Amr Yousef","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Business and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Amr","middleName":"","lastName":"Yousef","suffix":""},{"id":273295444,"identity":"3cd7f78c-5dd9-4171-a0a5-e6fc1c4d4944","order_by":3,"name":"A. 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