Boscisucrophage, a New Dual SGLT1 and SGLT2 Inhibitor from Boscia senegalensis Pers. Lam. Ex Poir, Improved Glycemic Control

Background: Boscia senegalensis Pers.) Lam. Ex Poir (Capparaceae) (BS), is an evergreen, perennial woody shrub, or tree native to Sahel region in Africa. It is an important local food plant in Africa and widely exploited for its fruits and seeds. Aim of the Study: The objective of this study was to test the antihyperglycemic effect of BS ex-vivo an in vivo and the mechanism involve in the reduction of blood sugar. Materials and Methods: We studied the antihyperglycemic effect of aqueous extract of seeds of BS. The chemical composition of BS aqueous extract was determined using UHPLC-MS. The inhibition of intestinal glucose absorption was studied ex-vivo in mice using a short-circuit current technique. The antihyperglycemic of BS in vivo was assess using an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in rat. Results: In preclinical studies, BS (5 µg/mL to 2 mg/mL) induced concentration-dependent inhibition of sodium-dependent glucose transport across isolated mouse jejunum. The maximal inhibition was obtained with 2 mg/mL and was represented more than 75 % of the effect of Phloridzine and IC50 was close to 477.53 ± 1.22 µg/mL. Chronic BS treatment improved glucose tolerance and reduced body weight without any toxic effect in rat. The major compound found in the aqueous extract of BS seed was Glucocapparin (methyl glucosinolates). Conclusion: The result shows that BS directly inhibits the intestinal absorption of glucose ex-vivo in mice and it improved glucose tolerance and body weight in rats after acute and chronic oral administration in vivo.